关系型数据库之MySQL基于SSL主从复制及SSL远程访问

当mysql跨越互联网进行复制时别人可以窃取到mysql的复制信息，这些信息是明文的，因此存在不安全性，这里通过ssl对复制的信息进行加密。

准备环境:

1.系统环境：Centos6.5
2.数据库版本：5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
3.Host:
Master主机: master.samlee.com 172.16.100.7
Slave主机: slave.samlee.com 172.16.100.8
Public主机: public.samlee.com 172.16.100.9

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

实现过程如下:

Public主机上操作：

1.创建证书中心:

--在public主机上创建证书中心# cd /etc/pki/CA/--生成私钥# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048)

生成自签证书,由于需要输入大量用户信息，因此编辑证书的配置文件，在私有的CA上创建证书要注意所有的用户信息要和CA中的一致，从国家到部门都要相同，否则会造成证书无法使用。

--根据实验要求修改配置文件如下:# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf[ req_distinguished_name ]countryName_default             = CNstateOrProvinceName_default     = GUANGDONGlocalityName_default    = GUANGZHOU0.organizationName_default      = JUST.LTDorganizationalUnitName_default  = IT

生成自签证书--以CAserver的身份自建CA证书

# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]:Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]:Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]:Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]:Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:public.samlee.com

创建证书编号

# touch {index.txt,serial}# echo 01 > serial

给Master服务器生成key、证书请求、证书:

--创建私钥# cd /etc/pki/CA/# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out master.key 2048)--生成证书申请# openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csrCountry Name (2 letter code) [CN]:State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]:Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]:Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]:Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]:Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:master.samlee.com--在证书服务器上对master的证书进行签发# openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 3650Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfCheck that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details:        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)        Validity            Not Before: Jun 23 00:09:31 2016 GMT            Not After : Jun 21 00:09:31 2026 GMT        Subject:            countryName               = CN            stateOrProvinceName       = GUANGDONG            organizationName          = JUST.LTD            organizationalUnitName    = IT            commonName                = master.samlee.comData Base Updated    --看到此项出现说明证书签发成功了

给Slave服务器生成key、证书请求、证书:

--创建私钥# cd /etc/pki/CA/# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out slave.key 2048)--生成证书申请# openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csrCountry Name (2 letter code) [CN]:State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]:Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]:Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]:Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]:Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:slave.samlee.com--在证书服务器上对master的证书进行签发# openssl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 3650Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfCheck that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details:        Serial Number: 2 (0x2)        Validity            Not Before: Jun 23 00:18:21 2016 GMT            Not After : Jun 21 00:18:21 2026 GMT        Subject:            countryName               = CN            stateOrProvinceName       = GUANGDONG            organizationName          = JUST.LTD            organizationalUnitName    = IT            commonName                = slave.samlee.comData Base Updated     --看到此项出现说明证书签发成功了

Master与Slavr主机上操作：

2.在Master主机和Slave主机上安装MariaDB
使用软件安装包为mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz，上传至root目录下，安装配置Mairadb，并设置mydata目录为数据和日志存放目录；以下步骤在node1和node2上一致

# cd /root# tar -xzf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mysql# groupadd=mysql# useradd=mysql -g mysql# mkdir /mydata/{data,binlog,relaylog} -pv# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/* # mkdir /etc/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 最后一行增加以下语句datadir=/mydata# chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/* # echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/# cd /usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data# service mysqld restart

Master主机上操作：

3.配置Master主机为主节点(主服务器)

--创建二进制日志存储目录及目录权限授予# mkdir -pv /mydata/binglogs# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/binglogs--配置my.cnf设置Master为主节点server-id       = 1log-bin=/mydata/binglogs/master-binlog

Slave主机上操作：

4.配置Slave主机为从节点(从服务器)

--创建中继日志存储目录及目录权限授予# mkdir -pv /mydata/relaylogs# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/relaylogs--配置my.cnf设置Master为主节点server-id       = 11relay-log=/mydata/relaylogs/relay-bin

Master主机上操作：

创建拥有复制权限的用户

--在Master创建拥有复制权限的用户,支持SSL认证，新建一个用户repluser@'172.16.100.%'，密码replpass，并授权所有访问权限MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass' REQUIRE ssl;MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File                 | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| master-binlog.000001 |      684 |              |                  |+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

5.配置Master主机与Slave主机支持SSL认证

Master主机上操作：

配置Master主机支持SSL认证:

--创建文件夹用于存放ca证书和Master自己的key+证书# mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl--从Public主机获取CA证书及自己的证书# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/master.key /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/master.crt /etc/mysql/ssl/# chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/ssl--修改mysql的配置文件，使mysql支持ssl模式# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnfssl  开启SSL功能ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem      指定CA文件位置ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt    指定证书文件位置ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key   指定密钥所在位置--重启mysql服务# service mysqld restart--查询SSL相关变量是否启动mysql > SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';+---------------+---------------------------+| Variable_name | Value                     |+---------------+---------------------------+| have_openssl  | YES                       || have_ssl      | YES                       || ssl_ca        | /etc/mysql/ssl/cakey.pem  || ssl_capath    |                           || ssl_cert      | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt || ssl_cipher    |                           || ssl_key       | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key |+---------------+---------------------------+

Slave主机上操作：

配置Slave主机支持SSL认证:

--创建文件夹用于存放ca证书和Master自己的key+证书# mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl--从Public主机获取CA证书及自己的证书# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/slave.key /etc/mysql/ssl/# scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/slave.crt /etc/mysql/ssl/# chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/ssl--修改mysql的配置文件，使mysql支持ssl模式# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnfssl  开启SSL功能ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem      指定CA文件位置ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt    指定证书文件位置ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key   指定密钥所在位置--重启mysql服务# service mysqld restart--查询SSL相关变量是否启动mysql > SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';+---------------+--------------------------+| Variable_name | Value                    |+---------------+--------------------------+| have_openssl  | YES                      || have_ssl      | YES                      || ssl_ca        | /etc/mysql/ssl/cakey.pem || ssl_capath    |                          || ssl_cert      | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt || ssl_cipher    |                          || ssl_key       | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key |+---------------+--------------------------+

6.Slave通过SSL远程连接访问Master主服务器

# mysql -urepluser -preplpass -h272.16.100.7 --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key

7.Slave以ssl的方式连接数据库，并设置支持主从复制默认

mysql > CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.100.7',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl_cert='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt',master_ssl_key='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key',MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-binlog.000005',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 172.16.100.7                  Master_User: repluser                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000005          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 533        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000005             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245              Relay_Log_Space: 821              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes           Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem           Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt            Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 1

8.Windows下通过"Navicat for MySQL"以ssl的方式连接访问数据库Master主节点服务器
将node1/etc/mysql/ssl下的几个文件存放到windows上，此处我放到我的H盘下ssl目录
注意，在ssl里选择证书和key的时候，需要先点击"使用验证"，等选择完毕后再勾除"使用验证"

配置如下所示: