设置mysql更改root密码等讲析
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设置、更改root用户密码
首次使用mysql会提示'该命令不在',原因是还没有将该命令加入环境变量,如果要使用该命令,需要使用其绝对路径:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql,为了方便,先将其加入系统环境变量。
[root@localhost ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
重启系统后该变量会失效,若要永久生效,需要将其加入环境变量配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile......export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/刷新配置:[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
设置密码
首次登陆mysql,root用户没有密码,直接登陆
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
//-u指定用户登录
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
......
mysql>quit
Bye
// quit命令可以退出mysql。设置密码:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
// 这里并没有报错,只是提示说密码在命令行显示出来了不×××全。不使用密码登录:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
// 提示登录被拒绝,需要密码。使用密码登录:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
......
// -p参数,使用密码登录。可以将密码接在-p后。也可以不在-p后输入密码,根据后面的提示信息输入,这个方法不会暴露用户密码,更安全。
注意: 在没设置root密码时使用-p参数登录mysql,会提示输入密码,这是直接回车就行。
更改密码
当知道用户密码时,进行密码更改:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'123456' password '654321'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
// 警告密码在命令行输入,不安全。但是密码已经修改成功!使用旧密码登录:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
// 警告密码在命令行输入,不安全。
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
// 提示登录信息验证失败,密码错误!使用新密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p654321
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
// 警告密码在命令行输入,不安全。
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
......
mysql>
// 使用新密码登录成功!密码重置
在不记得root密码时使用,重置密码。
编辑配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant // 忽略授权!
......
// 在mysqld模块下加入代码:skip-grant重启mysql服务:
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
注意: 完成上面操作之后登录mysql就不需要密码了。
登录mysql:[root@localhost ~]# mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.......mysql>// 不使用-p参数直接登录。切换到mysql库:mysql> use mysql; // 切换到mysql库Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select * from user\G;// 查看用户的表信息,该表中存放的是用户相关信息(密码、授权…)// G选项的作用是使输出信息有序显示,不加该选项,显示内容会很乱 mysql> select password from user;// 查看用户密码,显示结果Wie加密字符串! 重置密码:mysql> update user set password=password('112233') where user='root';Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.11 sec)Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0// 将密码更改为'112233'恢复配置文件:[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf// 将之前加入skip-grant那行注释掉重启mysql服务:[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 登录:[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'112233'Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.......mysql>
重置密码步骤: vim /etc/my.cnf-->添加skip-grant-->mysql restart-->登录-->use mysql-->update user set password=...-->vim /etc/my.cnf-->删除skip-grant-->mysql restart。
连接mysql
远程连接
使用IP和端口号连接
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'112233' -h227.0.0.1 -P3306
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
......
mysql>// -h=host,指定IP,-P=port,指定端口号
本地连接
直接可以直接连接或使用socket连接。
使用socket链接:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'112233' -S/tmp/mysql.sock
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
......
mysql>// -S=socket,指定socket。此方法只适用于本地连接。和直接mysql连接一样。
连接数据后显示所有数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'112233' -e "show databases"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+-e 参数后可以跟一条mysql语句。
// 该方法常用于shell脚本中。
Mysql 常用命令
查看有哪些数据库:mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)切换到mysql库:mysql> use mysqlReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> 查看库里的表:mysql> show tables;+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql |+---------------------------+| columns_priv || db || event || func || general_log || help_category || help_keyword || help_relation || help_topic || innodb_index_stats || innodb_table_stats || ndb_binlog_index || plugin || proc || procs_priv || proxies_priv || servers || slave_master_info || slave_relay_log_info || slave_worker_info || slow_log || tables_priv || time_zone || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || user |+---------------------------+28 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看表里面的字段:mysql> desc user;+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | || User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | || Password | char(41) | NO | | | || Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | ......+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+43 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看表是怎么创建的mysql> show create table user\G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: userCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `user` ( `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', ...... // \G 是让结果竖排显示;查看当前登录的用户:mysql> select user();+----------------+| user() |+----------------+| root@localhost |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)查看当前所在的库:mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| mysql |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)创建库:mysql> create database db1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || db1 || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use db1 //切换到db1库Database changed创建表:mysql> use db1; // 先切换到指定库下Database changedmysql> create table t1(`id` int(4),`name` char(40));// 括号中是定义字段及字段格式,使用反引号引起来Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.51 sec)// drop table t1,可以删除表。查看当前数据库的版本:mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 5.6.35 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)// 数据库版本:5.6.35查看数据库状态:mysql> show status;+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+| Variable_name | Value |+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+| Aborted_clients | 0 || Aborted_connects | 0 |+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+查看所有参数:mysql> show variables\G; //查看所有参数查看指定参数mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%'\G;// like表示匹配;%是通配符更改参数:mysql> set global max_connect_errors=110;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)#在此只是临时更改,如果要永久更改,需要编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf查看队列:mysql> show processlist;+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+| 5 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)完整显示:mysql> show full processlist;+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| 6 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在mysql中 drop 后跟库或者表名,可以删除库或者表。
可以使用 ctrl+l 清屏
mysql的历史命令在.mysql_history 文件中。
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