二进制部署Kubernetes集群参考文档（V1.15.0）

一、基础概念

1、概念

Kubernetes（通常写成"k8s"）Kubernetes是Google开源的容器集群管理系统。其设计目标是在主机集群之间提供一个能够自动化部署、可拓展、应用容器可运营的平台。

Kubernetes通常结合docker容器工具工作，并且整合多个运行着docker容器的主机集群。

2、功能特性

a、自动化容器部署b、自动化扩/缩容器规模c、提供容器间的负载均衡d、快速更新和快速回滚

3、相关组件说明

3.1、Master节点组件

master节点上主要运行四个组件：api-server、scheduler、controller-manager、etcd。

APIServer：APIServer负责对外提供RESTful的Kubernetes API服务，它是系统管理指令的统一入口，任何对资源进行增删改查的操作都给APIServer处理后再提交给etcd。

schedule：scheduler的职责很明确，就是负责调度pod到合适的Node上。如果把scheduler看成一个黑匣子，那么它的输入是pod和由多个Node组成的列表，输出是Pod和一

个Node的绑定，即将这个pod部署到这个Node上。Kubernetes目前提供了调度算法，但是同样也保了接口，用户可以根据自己的需求定义自己的调度算法。

controller-manager：如果说APIServer做的是"前台"的工作的话，那controller manager就是负责"后台"的。每个资源一般都对一个控制器，而controller manager就是

负责管理这些控制器的。比如我们通过APIServer创建一个pod，当这个pod创建成功后，APIServer的任务就算完成了。而后面保证Pod的状态始终和我们预期的一样的重任

就由controller manager去保证了。

etcd：etcd是一个高可用的键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用它来存储各个资源的状态，从而实现了Restful的API。

3.2、Node节点组件

每个Node节点主要由三个模块组成：kubelet、kube-proxy、runtime。

runtime：指的是容器运行环境，目前Kubernetes支持docker和rkt两种容器。

kube-proxy：该模块实现了Kubernetes中的服务发现和反向代理功能。反向代理方面：kube-proxy支持TCP和UDP连接转发，默认基于Round Robin算法将客户端流量转发到

与service对应的一组后端pod。服务发现方面，kube-proxy使用etcd的watch机制，监控集群中service和endpoint对象数据的动态变化，并且维护一个service到endpoint

的映射关系，从而保证了后端pod的IP变化不会对访问者造成影响。另外kube-proxy还支持session affinity。

kubelet：Kubelet是Master在每个Node节点上面的agent，是Node节点上面最重要的模块，它负责维护和管理该Node上面的所有容器但是如果容器不是通过Kubernetes创建

的，它并不会管理。本质上，它负责使Pod得运行状态与期望的状态一致。

3.3、pod

Pod是k8s进行资源调度的最小单位，每个Pod中运行着一个或多个密切相关的业务容器，这些业务容器共享这个Pause容器的IP和Volume，我们以这个不易死亡的Pause容器

作为Pod的根容器，以它的状态表示整个容器组的状态。一个Pod一旦被创建就会放到Etcd中存储，然后由Master调度到一个Node绑定，由这个Node上的Kubelet进行实例化。

每个Pod会被分配一个单独的Pod IP，Pod IP + ContainerPort 组成了一个Endpoint。

3.4、Service

Service其功能使应用暴露，Pods 是有生命周期的，也有独立的 IP 地址，随着 Pods 的创建与销毁，一个必不可少的工作就是保证各个应用能够感知这种变化。这就要提

到 Service 了，Service 是 YAML 或 JSON 定义的由 Pods 通过某种策略的逻辑组合。更重要的是，Pods 独立 IP 需要通过 Service 暴露到网络中。

二、安装部署

部署方式有多中，此篇文章我们采用二进制方式部署。

1、环境介绍

软件部署版本及下载链接

版本

kubenetes version v1.15.0

etcd version v3.3.10

flannel version v0.11.0

下载链接

kubernetes网址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md#v1150

server端二进制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

node端二进制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz

etcd网址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

flannel网址：https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases

2、服务器初始化环境准备

同步系统时间

# ntpdate time1.aliyun.com# echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -s time1.aliyun.com" > /var/spool/cron/root

修改主机名

# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node2# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node3

添加hosts解析

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts192.168.248.65 k8s-master192.168.248.66 k8s-node1192.168.248.67 k8s-node2192.168.248.68 k8s-node3

关闭并禁用firewalld及selinux

# systemctl stop firewalld# systemctl disable firewalld# setenforce 0# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux  SELINUX=disabled

关闭swap

# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0# sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

设置系统参数

# cat /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.confnet.ipv4.ip_forward=1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0vm.swappiness=0vm.overcommit_memory=1vm.panic_on_oom=0fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100fs.file-max=52706963fs.nr_open=52706963net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1

3、kubernetes集群安装部署

所有node节点安装docker-ce

# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo# yum makecache# yum install docker-ce-18.06.2.ce-3.el7 -y# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

创建安装目录

# mkdir /data/{install,ssl_config} -pv# mkdir /data/ssl_config/{etcd,kubernetes} -pv# mkdir /cloud/k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv# mkdir /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv

添加环境变量

vim /etc/profile######Kubernetes########export PATH=$PATH:/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

4、创建ssl证书

下载证书生成工具

[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 [root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo[root@k8s-master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/*

创建etcd相关证书

# etcd证书ca配置[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd/data/ssl_config/etcd[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-config.json {  "signing": {    "default": {      "expiry": "87600h"    },    "profiles": {      "www": {         "expiry": "87600h",         "usages": [            "signing",            "key encipherment",            "server auth",            "client auth"        ]      }    }  }}# etcd ca配置文件[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-csr.json {    "CN": "etcd CA",    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing"        }    ]}# etcd server 证书[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat server-csr.json {    "CN": "etcd",    "hosts": [    "k8s-node3",    "k8s-node2",    "k8s-node1",    "192.168.248.66",    "192.168.248.67",    "192.168.248.68"    ],    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing"        }    ]}# 生成etcd ca证书和私钥# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建kubernetes相关证书

# kubernetes 证书ca配置[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# pwd/data/ssl_config/kubernetes[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-config.json{  "signing": {    "default": {      "expiry": "87600h"    },    "profiles": {      "kubernetes": {         "expiry": "87600h",         "usages": [            "signing",            "key encipherment",            "server auth",            "client auth"        ]      }    }  }}# 创建ca证书配置[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-csr.json {    "CN": "kubernetes",    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing",            "O": "k8s",            "OU": "System"        }    ]}# 生成API_SERVER证书[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat server-csr.json {    "CN": "kubernetes",    "hosts": [      "10.0.0.1",      "127.0.0.1",      "192.168.248.65",      "k8s-master",      "kubernetes",      "kubernetes.default",      "kubernetes.default.svc",      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"    ],    "key": {        "algo": "rsa",        "size": 2048    },    "names": [        {            "C": "CN",            "L": "Beijing",            "ST": "Beijing",            "O": "k8s",            "OU": "System"        }    ]}# 创建 Kubernetes Proxy 证书[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat kube-proxy-csr.json{  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",  "hosts": [],  "key": {    "algo": "rsa",    "size": 2048  },  "names": [    {      "C": "CN",      "L": "Beijing",      "ST": "Beijing",      "O": "k8s",      "OU": "System"    }  ]}# 生成ca证书# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -# 生成 api-server 证书# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server# 生成 kube-proxy 证书# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

5、部署etcd集群(在所有node节点操作)

解压并配置etcd软件包

# tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz# cp etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/

编写etcd配置文件

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd01"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd01"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"[root@k8s-node3 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd01"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

创建etcd启动文件

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [Unit]Description=Etcd ServerAfter=network.targetAfter=network-online.targetWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcdExecStart=/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \--name=${ETCD_NAME} \--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \--initial-cluster-state=new \--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \--peer-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--peer-key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \--trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--peer-trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pemRestart=on-failureLimitNOFILE=65536[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

将生成的etcd证书文件拷贝到所有node节点

[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd/data/ssl_config/etcd[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/[root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/

启动etcd集群服务

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable etcdsystemctl start etcd

查看启动状态(任意一个node节点上执行即可)

[root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  cluster-healthmember 2830381866015ef6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.67:2379member 355a96308320dc2a is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.66:2379member a9a44d5d05a31ce0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.68:2379cluster is healthy

6、部署flannel网络(所有node节点)

向etcd集群中写入pod网段信息(任意一台node节点上执行)

etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \--endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  \set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

查看写入etcd集群中的网段信息

# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \--endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379"  \get /coreos.com/network/config# [root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \> --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \> --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem  \> --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" \> ls /coreos.com/network/subnets/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.95.0-24/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.22.0-24/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.54.0-24

解压并配置flannel网络插件

# tar xf  flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz# mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置flannel

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 -etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

配置flanneld启动文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service [Unit]Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agentAfter=network-online.target network.targetBefore=docker.service[Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneldExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONSExecStartPost=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.envRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker启动指定子网段

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [Unit]Description=Docker Application Container EngineDocumentation=https://docs.docker.comAfter=network-online.target firewalld.serviceWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required# for containers run by dockerExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONSExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.LimitNOFILE=infinityLimitNPROC=infinityLimitCORE=infinity# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.#TasksMax=infinityTimeoutStartSec=0# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containersDelegate=yes# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroupKillMode=process# restart the docker process if it exits prematurelyRestart=on-failureStartLimitBurst=3StartLimitInterval=60s[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl start flanneldsystemctl enable flanneldsystemctl restart docker

验证fiannel网络配置

node节点之间相互ping测docker0网卡的ip地址，能ping通说明flanneld网络插件部署成功。

7、部署master节点组件

解压master节点安装包

# tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz# cp kubernetes//server/bin/{kube-scheduler,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kubectl}  /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置kubernetes相关证书

# cp /data/ssl_config/kubernetes/*.pem /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/

部署 kube-apiserver 组件

创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token

[root@k8s-master cfg]# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '   #生成随机字符串[root@k8s-master cfg]# pwd/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat token.csv a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

apiserver配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat kube-apiserver KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 \--bind-address=192.168.248.65 \--secure-port=6443 \--advertise-address=192.168.248.65 \--allow-privileged=true \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \--token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \--tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \--tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \--client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \--etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \--etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

kube-apiserver启动文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes API ServerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserverExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-apiserver服务

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-apiserver[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-apiserverroot       1050      1  4 09:02 ?        00:25:21 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=4 --etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 --bind-address=192.168.248.65 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.248.65 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 --tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pemroot       1888   1083  0 18:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-apiserve

部署kube-scheduler组件

创建kube-scheduler配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"

创建kube-scheduler启动文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes SchedulerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-schedulerExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-scheduler服务

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service  [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-schedulerroot       1716      1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:19 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-electroot       1897   1083  0 18:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler

部署kube-controller-manager组件

创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \--leader-elect=true \--address=127.0.0.1 \--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \--cluster-name=kubernetes \--cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \--root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \--service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

创建kube-controller-manager启动文件

[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes Controller ManagerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-managerExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-controller-manager服务

[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager[root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-controller-managerroot       1709      1  2 16:12 ?        00:03:11 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pemroot       1907   1083  0 18:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager

查看集群状态

[root@k8s-master cfg]# kubectl get csNAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERRORcontroller-manager   Healthy   ok                  scheduler            Healthy   ok                  etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

8、部署node节点组件(所有node节点操作)

解压node节点安装包

[root@k8s-node1 install]# tar xf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@k8s-node1 install]# cp kubernetes/node/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

创建kubelet bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat environment.sh # 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfigBOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114acKUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"# 设置集群参数kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 设置客户端认证参数kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 设置上下文参数kubectl config set-context default \  --cluster=kubernetes \  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 设置默认上下文kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig# 执行environment.sh生成bootstrap.kubeconfig[object Object]

创建 kubelet.kubeconfig 文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfigBOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114acKUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"# 设置集群参数kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig# 设置客户端认证参数kubectl config set-credentials kubelet \  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig# 设置上下文参数kubectl config set-context default \  --cluster=kubernetes \  --user=kubelet \  --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig# 设置默认上下文kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig#执行envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh脚本，生成kubelet.kubeconfig[object Object]

创建kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat env_proxy.sh# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114acKUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfigkubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \  --embed-certs=true \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfigkubectl config set-context default \  --cluster=kubernetes \  --user=kube-proxy \  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfigkubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig#执行env_proxy.sh脚本生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

将以上生成的kubeconfig复制到所有node节点

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/

所有node节点创建kubelet 参数配置模板文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfigurationapiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1address: 192.168.248.66port: 10250readOnlyPort: 10255cgroupDriver: cgroupfsclusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]clusterDomain: cluster.local.failSwapOn: falseauthentication:  anonymous:    enabled: true[root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfigurationapiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1address: 192.168.248.67port: 10250readOnlyPort: 10255cgroupDriver: cgroupfsclusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]clusterDomain: cluster.local.failSwapOn: falseauthentication:  anonymous:    enabled: true    [root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfigurationapiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1address: 192.168.248.68port: 10250readOnlyPort: 10255cgroupDriver: cgroupfsclusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]clusterDomain: cluster.local.failSwapOn: falseauthentication:  anonymous:    enabled: true

创建kubelet配置文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletKUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"[root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletKUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=k8s-node2 \--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"[root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletKUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=k8s-node3 \--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \--config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \--cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

创建kubelet启动文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes KubeletAfter=docker.serviceRequires=docker.service[Service]EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTSRestart=on-failureKillMode=process[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色(不绑定角色，kubelet将无法启动成功)

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

启动kubelet服务(所有node节点)

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kubelet[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kubelet[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kubeletroot       3306      1  2 09:02 ?        00:14:47 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0root      87181  12020  0 19:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kubelet

在master节点上approve kubelet CSR 请求

kubectl get csrkubectl certificate approve $NAMEcsr 状态变为 Approved,Issued 即可

查看集群状态及node节点

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# kubectl  get cs,nodeNAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERRORcomponentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   NAME             STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSIONnode/k8s-node1   Ready       4d2h   v1.15.0node/k8s-node2   Ready       4d2h   v1.15.0node/k8s-node3   Ready       4d2h   v1.15.0

部署 node kube-proxy 组件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyKUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \--kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

创建kube-proxy启动文件

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service [Unit]Description=Kubernetes ProxyAfter=network.target[Service]EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-proxy服务

[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kube-proxy[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kube-proxy[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-proxyroot        966      1  0 09:02 ?        00:01:20 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfigroot      87093  12020  0 19:22 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-proxy

部署Coredns组件

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat coredns.yaml # Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.baseapiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata:  name: coredns  namespace: kube-system  labels:      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRolemetadata:  labels:    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile  name: system:corednsrules:- apiGroups:  - ""  resources:  - endpoints  - services  - pods  - namespaces  verbs:  - list  - watch---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata:  annotations:    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"  labels:    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists  name: system:corednsroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: ClusterRole  name: system:corednssubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount  name: coredns  namespace: kube-system---apiVersion: v1kind: ConfigMapmetadata:  name: coredns  namespace: kube-system  labels:      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExistsdata:  Corefile: |    .:53 {        errors        health        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {            pods insecure            upstream            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa        }        prometheus :9153        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf        cache 30        loop        reload        loadbalance    }---apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Deploymentmetadata:  name: coredns  namespace: kube-system  labels:    k8s-app: kube-dns    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"spec:  # replicas: not specified here:  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.  # 2. Default is 1.  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.  replicas: 3  strategy:    type: RollingUpdate    rollingUpdate:      maxUnavailable: 1  selector:    matchLabels:      k8s-app: kube-dns  template:    metadata:      labels:        k8s-app: kube-dns      annotations:        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'    spec:      serviceAccountName: coredns      tolerations:        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master          effect: NoSchedule        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"          operator: "Exists"      containers:      - name: coredns        image: coredns/coredns:1.3.1        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent        resources:          limits:            memory: 170Mi          requests:            cpu: 100m            memory: 70Mi        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]        volumeMounts:        - name: config-volume          mountPath: /etc/coredns          readOnly: true        ports:        - containerPort: 53          name: dns          protocol: UDP        - containerPort: 53          name: dns-tcp          protocol: TCP        - containerPort: 9153          name: metrics          protocol: TCP        livenessProbe:          httpGet:            path: /health            port: 8080            scheme: HTTP          initialDelaySeconds: 60          timeoutSeconds: 5          successThreshold: 1          failureThreshold: 5        securityContext:          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false          capabilities:            add:            - NET_BIND_SERVICE            drop:            - all          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true      dnsPolicy: Default      volumes:        - name: config-volume          configMap:            name: coredns            items:            - key: Corefile              path: Corefile---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:  name: kube-dns  namespace: kube-system  annotations:    prometheus.io/port: "9153"    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"  labels:    k8s-app: kube-dns    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"spec:  selector:    k8s-app: kube-dns  clusterIP: 10.0.0.2   ports:  - name: dns    port: 53    protocol: UDP  - name: dns-tcp    port: 53    protocol: TCP

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml serviceaccount/coredns unchangedclusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchangedclusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchangedconfigmap/coredns unchangeddeployment.extensions/coredns unchangedservice/kube-dns unchanged[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system   NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGEcoredns   3/3     3            3           33h[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system -o wideNAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                  SELECTORcoredns   3/3     3            3           33h   coredns      coredns/coredns:1.3.1   k8s-app=kube-dns[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide          NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATEScoredns-b49c586cf-nwzv6   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.54.3   k8s-node3              coredns-b49c586cf-qv5b9   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.22.3   k8s-node1              coredns-b49c586cf-rcqhc   1/1     Running   1          33h   172.18.95.2   k8s-node2              [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system -o wide   NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTORkube-dns   ClusterIP   10.0.0.2             53/UDP,53/TCP   33h   k8s-app=kube-dns

到此kubernetes V1.15.0乞丐版部署完成。