Python中scrapy下载保存图片的方法

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在日常爬虫练习中，我们爬取到的数据需要进行保存操作，在scrapy中我们可以使用ImagesPipeline这个类来进行相关操作，这个类是scrapy已经封装好的了，我们直接拿来用即可。

在使用ImagesPipeline下载图片数据时，我们需要对其中的三个管道类方法进行重写，其中 ― get_media_request 是对图片地址发起请求

― file path 是返回图片名称

― item_completed 返回item,将其返回给下一个即将被执行的管道类

那具体代码是什么样的呢，首先我们需要在pipelines.py文件中，导入ImagesPipeline类，然后重写上述所说的3个方法：

from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelineimport  scrapyimport os  class ImgsPipLine(ImagesPipeline):    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):        yield scrapy.Request(url = item["img_src"],meta={"item":item})      #返回图片名称即可    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):        item = request.meta["item"]        print("########",item)        filePath = item["img_name"]        return filePath     def item_completed(self, results, item, info):        return item

方法定义好后，我们需要在settings.py配置文件中进行设置，一个是指定图片保存的位置IMAGES_STORE = "D:ImgPro"，然后就是启用"ImgsPipLine"管道，

ITEM_PIPELINES = {   "imgPro.pipelines.ImgsPipLine": 300,  #300代表优先级，数字越小优先级越高}

设置完成后，我们运行程序后就可以看到"D:ImgPro"下保存成功的图片。

完整代码如下：

spider文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom imgPro.items import ImgproItem   class ImgSpider(scrapy.Spider):    name = "img"    allowed_domains = ["www.521609.com"]    start_urls = ["http://www.521609.com/daxuemeinv/"]     def parse(self, response):        #解析图片地址和图片名称        li_list = response.xpath("//div[@class="index_img list_center"]/ul/li")        for li in li_list:            item = ImgproItem()            item["img_src"] = "http://www.521609.com/"  + li.xpath("./a[1]/img/@src").extract_first()            item["img_name"] = li.xpath("./a[1]/img/@alt").extract_first() + ".jpg"            # print("***********")            # print(item)            yield item

items.py文件

import scrapy  class ImgproItem(scrapy.Item):    # define the fields for your item here like:    # name = scrapy.Field()    img_src = scrapy.Field()    img_name = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py文件

from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelineimport  scrapyimport osfrom  imgPro.settings import IMAGES_STORE as IMGS class ImgsPipLine(ImagesPipeline):    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):        yield scrapy.Request(url = item["img_src"],meta={"item":item})      #返回图片名称即可    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):        item = request.meta["item"]        print("########",item)        filePath = item["img_name"]        return filePath     def item_completed(self, results, item, info):        return item

settings.py文件

import randomBOT_NAME = "imgPro" SPIDER_MODULES = ["imgPro.spiders"]NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "imgPro.spiders" IMAGES_STORE = "D:ImgPro"   #文件保存路径LOG_LEVEL = "WARNING"ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False#设置user-agentUSER_AGENTS_LIST = [        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"    ]USER_AGENT = random.choice(USER_AGENTS_LIST)DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",    "Accept-Language": "en",   # "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",    "User-Agent":USER_AGENT} #启动pipeline管道ITEM_PIPELINES = {   "imgPro.pipelines.ImgsPipLine": 300,}

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