更改MySQL数据库root密码流程讲析

下文内容主要给大家带来更改MySQL数据库root密码流程讲析，这里所讲到的知识，与书籍略有不同，都是专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。

更改MySQL数据库root密码

1. 首次进入数据库是不用密码的，如下所示：

[root@gary-tao ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot //使用绝对路径进入mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

说明：退出时直接输入quit或者exit即可，上面我们是使用绝对路径进入mysql的,这样很不方便，由于/usr/local/mysql/bin不在PATH这个环境变量里，所以不能直接使用mysql这条命令，那我们就需要把它加入到环境变量PATH中，方法如下：

[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql[root@gary-tao ~]# echo $PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin[root@gary-tao ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/  //加入PATH,但重启后会失效[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot  //-u是指定要登录的用户，后面有无空格均可。Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> [root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/profile  //添加后重启会开机加载把以下命令增加到最后一行：export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/[root@gary-tao ~]# source /etc/profile  //即刻生效

2.设置mysql的root密码

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'szyino-123'  //设置密码Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.警告信息：在命令行下面暴露了密码，这样不安全。

3.使用密码登录mysql

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot  //报错，提示需要密码登录 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p //交互的方式输入密码登录Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> exitBye[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p'szyino-123' //直接-p后面跟密码登录，-P后面不需要有空格。Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

4.更改mysql的root密码

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'szyino-123' password 'Szyino-123'  //更改密码Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Szyino-123' //使用新密码登录Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

5.重置密码

• 更改配置文件

[root@gary-tao ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf增加如下内容：skip-grant

如图：

• 重启mysql

[root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

• 进入密码表更改密码

mysql> use mysql;  //用户名密码存在user表里，而user表存在mysql这个库里，进入mysql，记得加分号Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select * from user;  //查看user表mysql> select password from user where user='root' ; //查询语句查询密码表。加密的字符串是password这个函数生成+-------------------------------------------+| password                                  |+-------------------------------------------+| *EBBC0E0C643D4DC86D226068E9C5A6693BB555A6 ||                                           ||                                           ||                                           |+-------------------------------------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> update user set password=password('szyino-123') where user='root';  //更改密码命令Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

• 把vi /etc/my.cnf增加的skip-grant去掉，否则所有的用户登录都不需要密码，不安全。

[root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //去掉skip-grant[root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart  //重启mysqlShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 //使用新密码测试登录mysqlWarning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> quitBye

连接mysql

1.连接本机数据库

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'

2.远程连接登录mysql，A机器连接B云服务器的mysql，就需要加上IP和端口,如下：

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -h227.0.0.1 -P3306 //-h用来指定远程主机的IP -P指定端口 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

3.使用sock远程连接

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -S/tmp/mysql.sockWarning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

说明：mysql我们本机不止监听了3306也监听了sock，所以就可以使用sock登陆，但这个时候不是使用TCP/IP连接，是使用sock,只适合在本机。

4. 连接mysql后，把数据库表列出来，这种情况只适用在shell脚本里。

[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -e "show databases"Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+

mysql常用命令

在日常工作中，难免会遇到一些与Mysql相关的操作，比如建库、建表、查询MySQL状态等，掌握最基本的操作。

注意：使用mysql命令的结尾处都需要加一个分号。

1.查询当前库

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.切换库

mysql> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed

3.查询库的表

mysql> show tables;+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql           |+---------------------------+| columns_priv              || db                        || event                     || func                      || general_log               || help_category             || help_keyword              || help_relation             || help_topic                || innodb_index_stats        || innodb_table_stats        || ndb_binlog_index          || plugin                    || proc                      || procs_priv                || proxies_priv              || servers                   || slave_master_info         || slave_relay_log_info      || slave_worker_info         || slow_log                  || tables_priv               || time_zone                 || time_zone_leap_second     || time_zone_name            || time_zone_transition      || time_zone_transition_type || user                      |+---------------------------+28 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.查看表里的字段

mysql> desc user;+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Field                  | Type                              | Null | Key | Default               | Extra |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Host                   | char(60)                          | NO   | PRI |                       |       || User                   | char(16)                          | NO   | PRI |                       |       || Password               | char(41)                          | NO   |     |                       |       || Select_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Insert_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Update_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Delete_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Drop_priv              | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Reload_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Shutdown_priv          | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Process_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || File_priv              | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Grant_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || References_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Index_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Alter_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Show_db_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Super_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_tmp_table_priv  | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Lock_tables_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Execute_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Repl_slave_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Repl_client_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_view_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Show_view_priv         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_routine_priv    | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Alter_routine_priv     | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_user_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Event_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Trigger_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       || ssl_type               | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO   |     |                       |       || ssl_cipher             | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       || x509_issuer            | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       || x509_subject           | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       || max_questions          | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       || max_updates            | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       || max_connections        | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       || max_user_connections   | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       || plugin                 | char(64)                          | YES  |     | mysql_native_password |       || authentication_string  | text                              | YES  |     | NULL                  |       || password_expired       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+43 rows in set (0.01 sec)

5.查看建表语句

mysql> show create table user\G;

6.查看当前用户

mysql> select user();+----------------+| user()         |+----------------+| root@localhost |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7.查看当前使用的数据库

mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| mysql      |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

8.创建库

mysql> create database db1;  //创建库Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;    //查看库+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || db1                || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.创建表

mysql> use db1; create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40));Database changedQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G;  //查看创建的表*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: t1Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (  `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.01 sec)ERROR: No query specifiedmysql> drop table t1;  //删除表Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> use db1; create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;  //创建表时指定CHARSET=utf8Database changedQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show create table t1\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: t1Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (  `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specified

9.查看当前数据库版本

mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 5.6.35    |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10.查看数据库状态

mysql> show status;

11.查看各参数

mysql> show variables; mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%';+--------------------+-------+| Variable_name      | Value |+--------------------+-------+| max_connect_errors | 100   || max_connections    | 151   |+--------------------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.修改参数

mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'max_connect%';+--------------------+-------+| Variable_name      | Value |+--------------------+-------+| max_connect_errors | 1000  || max_connections    | 151   |+--------------------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13.查看数据库队列

mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+| 11 | root | localhost | db1  | Query   |    0 | init  | show processlist |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> show full processlist;+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info                  |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| 11 | root | localhost | db1  | Query   |    0 | init  | show full processlist |+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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