Zend Framework之视图组件Zend_View怎么用

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具体如下：

Zend_View是Zend Framework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。 Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。

View的实现

Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend# tree | grep View.php
│ └── View/
├── View.php

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View# tree
.
├── Abstract.php
├── Exception.php
├── Helper
│ ├── Abstract.php
│ ├── Action.php
│ ├── BaseUrl.php
│ ├── Currency.php
│ ├── Cycle.php
│ ├── DeclareVars.php
│ ├── Doctype.php
│ ├── Fieldset.php
│ ├── FormButton.php
│ ├── FormCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormElement.php
│ ├── FormErrors.php
│ ├── FormFile.php
│ ├── FormHidden.php
│ ├── FormImage.php
│ ├── FormLabel.php
│ ├── FormMultiCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormNote.php
│ ├── FormPassword.php
│ ├── Form.php
│ ├── FormRadio.php
│ ├── FormReset.php
│ ├── FormSelect.php
│ ├── FormSubmit.php
│ ├── FormTextarea.php
│ ├── FormText.php
│ ├── Gravatar.php
│ ├── HeadLink.php
│ ├── HeadMeta.php
│ ├── HeadScript.php
│ ├── HeadStyle.php
│ ├── HeadTitle.php
│ ├── HtmlElement.php
│ ├── HtmlFlash.php
│ ├── HtmlList.php
│ ├── HtmlObject.php
│ ├── HtmlPage.php
│ ├── HtmlQuicktime.php
│ ├── InlineScript.php
│ ├── Interface.php
│ ├── Json.php
│ ├── Layout.php
│ ├── Navigation
│ │ ├── Breadcrumbs.php
│ │ ├── HelperAbstract.php
│ │ ├── Helper.php
│ │ ├── Links.php
│ │ ├── Menu.php
│ │ └── Sitemap.php
│ ├── Navigation.php
│ ├── PaginationControl.php
│ ├── Partial
│ │ └── Exception.php
│ ├── PartialLoop.php
│ ├── Partial.php
│ ├── Placeholder
│ │ ├── Container
│ │ │ ├── Abstract.php
│ │ │ ├── Exception.php
│ │ │ └── Standalone.php
│ │ ├── Container.php
│ │ ├── Registry
│ │ │ └── Exception.php
│ │ └── Registry.php
│ ├── Placeholder.php
│ ├── RenderToPlaceholder.php
│ ├── ServerUrl.php
│ ├── TinySrc.php
│ ├── Translate.php
│ ├── Url.php
│ └── UserAgent.php
├── Interface.php
└── Stream.php

6 directories, 70 files

Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合

主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,

/**   * Initialize View object   *   * Initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a Zend_View_Interface.   *   * If {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new Zend_View   * object, using the 'views' subdirectory at the same level as the   * controller directory for the current module as the base directory.   * It uses this to set the following:   * - script path = views/scripts/   * - helper path = views/helpers/   * - filter path = views/filters/   *   * @return Zend_View_Interface   * @throws Zend_Controller_Exception if base view directory does not exist   */  public function initView()  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->view;    }    require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {      return $this->view;    }    $request = $this->getRequest();    $module = $request->getModuleName();    $dirs  = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {      $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();    }    $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';    if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');    }    require_once 'Zend/View.php';    $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));    return $this->view;  }  /**   * Render a view   *   * Renders a view. By default, views are found in the viewscript path as   * /.phtml. You may change the script suffix by   * resetting {@link $viewSuffix}. You may omit the controller directory   * prefix by specifying boolean true for $noController.   *   * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.   *   * @see Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody()   * @param string|null $action Defaults to action registered in request object   * @param string|null $name Response object named path segment to use; defaults to null   * @param bool $noController Defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for viewscript   * @return void   */  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);    }    $view  = $this->initView();    $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }  /**   * Render a given viewscript   *   * Similar to {@link render()}, this method renders a viewscript. Unlike render(),   * however, it does not autodetermine the viewscript via {@link getViewScript()},   * but instead renders the script passed to it. Use this if you know the   * exact viewscript name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not   * conform to the spec defined with getViewScript().   *   * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.   *   * @param string $script   * @param string $name   * @return void   */  public function renderScript($script, $name = null)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);    }    $view = $this->initView();    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }

Zend_View.php类

_useViewStream = (bool) ini_get('short_open_tag') ? false : true;    if ($this->_useViewStream) {      if (!in_array('zend.view', stream_get_wrappers())) {        require_once 'Zend/View/Stream.php';        stream_wrapper_register('zend.view', 'Zend_View_Stream');      }    }    if (array_key_exists('useStreamWrapper', $config)) {      $this->setUseStreamWrapper($config['useStreamWrapper']);    }    parent::__construct($config);  }  /**   * Set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off   *   * @param bool $flag   * @return Zend_View   */  public function setUseStreamWrapper($flag)  {    $this->_useStreamWrapper = (bool) $flag;    return $this;  }  /**   * Should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off?   *   * @return bool   */  public function useStreamWrapper()  {    return $this->_useStreamWrapper;  }  /**   * Includes the viewscript in a scope with only public $this variables.   *   * @param string The viewscript to execute.   */  protected function _run()  {    if ($this->_useViewStream && $this->useStreamWrapper()) {      include 'zend.view://' . func_get_arg(0);    } else {      include func_get_arg(0);    }  }}

默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。

action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。

例如

$view = new Zend_View();$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/myviews');$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/viewscomm');// 如果调用 $view->render('example.php'), Zend_View 将// 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

Zend_View的常用方法

public function __construct($config = array())

构造函数参数

例如

array( 'escape' => array(), 'encoding' => array(),);

常见key：

escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、 helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter
public function getEngine() Return the template engine object

public function init()初始化函数

/*** Given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it** Assumes a directory structure of:* * basePath/*   scripts/*   helpers/*   filters/* ** @param string $path* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths* @return Zend_View_Abstract*/public function setBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')/*** Given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it** Assumes a directory structure of:* * basePath/*   scripts/*   helpers/*   filters/* ** @param string $path* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths* @return Zend_View_Abstract*/public function addBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')public function addScriptPath($path)Adds to the stack of viewscript paths in LIFO order.public function setScriptPath($path) Resets the stack of viewscript paths.public function getScriptPath($name)Return full path to a viewscript specified by $namepublic function getScriptPaths()Returns an array of all currently set script pathspublic function addHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Adds to the stack of helper paths in LIFO order.public function setHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Resets the stack of helper paths.public function getHelperPath($name) Get full path to a helper class file specified by $namepublic function getHelperPaths()Returns an array of all currently set helper pathspublic function getHelper($name) Get a helper by namepublic function getHelpers()Get array of all active helperspublic function getAllPaths() Return associative array of path types => pathspublic function setEscape($spec)/*** Assigns variables to the viewscript via differing strategies.** Zend_View::assign('name', $value) assigns a variable called 'name'* with the corresponding $value.** Zend_View::assign($array) assigns the array keys as variable* names (with the corresponding array values).** @see  __set()* @param string|array The assignment strategy to use.* @param mixed (Optional) If assigning a named variable, use this* as the value.* @return Zend_View_Abstract Fluent interface* @throws Zend_View_Exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array,* or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected*/public function assign($spec, $value = null)

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。

例如

$this->view->assign('roles', $roles);$this->view->assign('num', $num);$this->view->assign('a', $a);

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles;$this->view->a=$a;public function render($name) Processes a viewscript and returns the output.public function escape($var):Escapes a value for output in a viewscript.public function setEncoding($encoding) Set encoding to use with htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()public function getEncoding() :Return current escape encoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：

获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseUrl();$this->url();$this->paginationControl();$this->partial()

视图常见用法举例

在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/** * Initialize the common view helper */protected function _initViewHelper(){  $boot=$this->bootstrap('View');  $view = $boot->getResource('View');        $view->setHelperPath('Sql/View/Helper', 'Sql_View_Helper');}

action中

/** * * @return void */public function listAction(){  $this->view->assign('data', $data);}

视图文件

list.phtml

data as $item) : ?>    item1);?>

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