WebDriverWait详解

selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait

先看下WebDriverWait的代码

import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

POLL_FREQUENCY = 0.5 # How long to sleep inbetween calls to the method
IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS = (NoSuchElementException,) # exceptions ignored during calls to the method


class WebDriverWait(object):
def __init__(self, driver, timeout, poll_frequency=POLL_FREQUENCY, ignored_exceptions=None):
"""Constructor, takes a WebDriver instance and timeout in seconds.

:Args:
- driver - Instance of WebDriver (Ie, Firefox, Chrome or Remote)
- timeout - Number of seconds before timing out
- poll_frequency - sleep interval between calls
By default, it is 0.5 second.
- ignored_exceptions - iterable structure of exception classes ignored during calls.
By default, it contains NoSuchElementException only.

Example:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait \n
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId")) \n
is_disappeared = WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 1, (ElementNotVisibleException)).\ \n
until_not(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId").is_displayed())
"""
self._driver = driver
self._timeout = timeout
self._poll = poll_frequency
# avoid the divide by zero
if self._poll == 0:
self._poll = POLL_FREQUENCY
exceptions = list(IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS)
if ignored_exceptions is not None:
try:
exceptions.extend(iter(ignored_exceptions))
except TypeError: # ignored_exceptions is not iterable
exceptions.append(ignored_exceptions)
self._ignored_exceptions = tuple(exceptions)

def __repr__(self):
return '<{0.__module__}.{0.__name__} (session="{1}")>'.format(
type(self), self._driver.session_id)

def until(self, method, message=''):
"""Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
return value is not False."""
screen = None
stacktrace = None

end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
while True:
try:
value = method(self._driver)
if value:
return value
except self._ignored_exceptions as exc:
screen = getattr(exc, 'screen', None)
stacktrace = getattr(exc, 'stacktrace', None)
time.sleep(self._poll)
if time.time() > end_time:
break
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)

def until_not(self, method, message=''):
"""Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
return value is False."""
end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
while True:
try:
value = method(self._driver)
if not value:
return value
except self._ignored_exceptions:
return True
time.sleep(self._poll)
if time.time() > end_time:
break
raise TimeoutException(message)

来看下传的参数：

until_not 与until相反，until是当某元素出现或什么条件成立则继续执行，until_not是当某元素消失或什么条件不成立则继续执行，参数也相同，不再赘述。

调用方法如下：

WebDriverWait(driver, 超时时长, 调用频率, 忽略异常).until(可执行方法, 超时时返回的信息)

这里需要特别注意的是until或until_not中的可执行方法method参数，很多人传入了WebElement对象，这是不正确的。在这里，你可以用selenium提供的 expected_conditions 模块中的各种条件，也可以用WebElement的 is_displayed() 、is_enabled()、is_selected() 方法，或者用自己封装的方法都可以