数据库ORACLE基本语句集锦

--建表FAMILYINF

CREATE  TABLE  FAMILYINFO(     FNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT FC001 PRIMARY KEY,--把字段fno约束为主键     FNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT FC002 NOT NULL,--把字段FNAME的约束条件设为"不能为空"     SEX VARCHAR2(20) DEFAULT 'MALE'CONSTRAINT FC003 CHECK(SEX IN('MALE','FEMALE'))

,--把字段'SEX'的约束条件设为'性别默认条件下为'MALE'，如果自己填写只能填写'MALE'或'FEMALE'

     FAGE NUMBER,     REL VARCHAR2(20),--家庭成员关系字段     HOBITNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT FC004 REFERENCES HOBITINFO(HNO) ON DELETE SET NULL);

--约束条件设为，表'HOBITINFO'中字段'HNo'的外键，删除引用表中字段时，设为空值

--建兴趣表HOBITINF

CREATE TABLE HOBITINFO(    HNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT HC001 PRIMARY KEY,   --将' HNO'设为主键    HNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT HC002 NOT NULL--将'HNAME'约束条件设为'不能为空');

--删除表HOBITINFO

DROP TABLE HOBITINFO;

--添加信息

INSERT INTO HOBITINFO VALUES(1,'MOVIE');INSERT INTO HOBITINFO VALUES(2,'CG');;

--DDL ALTER TABLE (修改表)

ALTER TABLE FAMILYINFO RENAME TO PCFAMILY;--将FAMILYINFO的表名重命名为PCFAMILYALTER TABLE PCFAMILY ADD(--添加列即字段及其属性    HEIGH VARCHAR2(5)，    SX VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT PC002 NOT NULL--字段SX创建"不能为空"的约束条件);ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY MODIFY(--修改字段的属性    HEIGH CHAR(20));ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY DROP COLUMN HEIGH;--删除字段HEIGHALTER TABLE PCFAMILY RENAME COLUMN SX TO SX1;--修改约束字段名ALTER TABLE PCFAMILY DROP COLUMN SX1;--删除约束字段--DDL 之 DROP TABLE(删除表)DROP TABLE HOBITINFO CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;--DDL 之 TRUNCATE TABLE 清空表记录TRUNCATE TABLE PCFAMILY;

--DML 之 INSERT(插入，添加记录）

INSERT INTO PCFAMILY(FNO,SEX,FNAME,FAGE) VALUES(4,'NANE','LIU'||'DAYE',45+20);

--如果指定插入字段顺序，则values里的信息就要对照前面指定的字段填写

INSERT INTO PCFAMILY VALUES();--学生表CREATE TABLE STUDENT(    SNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SC001 PRIMARY KEY,    SNAME VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT SC002 NOT NULL,    SSEX VARCHAR(10) CONSTRAINT S003 CHECK(SSEX IN ('M','F')));

--老师表

CREATE TABLE TEACHER(     TNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT TC001 PRIMARY KEY,     TNAME VARCHAR2(10) CONSTRAINT TC002 NOT NULL);

--课程表

CREATE TABLE COURSE(     CNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT CC001 PRIMARY KEY,     CNAME VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT CC002 NOT NULL,     TNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT CC003 REFERENCES TEACHER(TNO)

);

--成绩表

CREATE TABLE SCORE(     SNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SSC001 REFERENCES STUDENT(SNO),     CNO NUMBER CONSTRAINT SSC002 REFERENCES COURSE(CNO),     GRADE VARCHAR2(20),     CONSTRAINT SSC003 PRIMARY KEY(SNO,CNO));

--查询表是否建立成功已经存在

SELECT * FROM STUDENT;SELECT * FROM TEACHER;SELECT * FROM COURSE;SELECT * FROM SCORE;DROP TABLE STUDENT;DROP TABLE TEACHER;DROP TABLE COURSE;DROP TABLE SCORE;INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(1,'aaaa','M');INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(2,'bbbb','M');INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(3,'cccc','F');INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(1,'AAAA');INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(2,'BBBB');INSERT INTO TEACHER VALUES(3,'CCCC');INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(1,'yw',2);INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(2,'sx',3);INSERT INTO COURSE VALUES(3,'yy',2);INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(1,2,89);INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(2,3,120);INSERT INTO SCORE VALUES(3,1,110);--DML 之UPDATEUPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE-1;UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE+1 WHERE SNO=2;UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE=GRADE+1 WHERE SNO=2 AND CNO=3;

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DROP删除为物理删除，delete删除为逻辑删除。

-- DQL 之 SELECT

SELECT CHR(107) HAHA FROM DUAL;SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;SELECT TRUNC(ABS(MONTHS_BETWEEN(DATE'1998-08-08',CURRENT_DATE)/12)) AGE FROM DUAL; SELECT SNO AS 学号, SNAME 学生姓名 FROM STUDENT;SELECT ALL SSEX FROM STUDENT;SELECT DISTINCT SSEX FROM STUDENT;SELECT UNIQUE SSEX FROM STUDENT;SELECT * FROM SCORE WHERE GRADE < 60;SELECT ROWID,ROWNUM,STUDENT.* FROM STUDENT;SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM = 1;SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM <= 2;SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM AS RN,STUDENT.* FROM STUDENT) WHERE RN = 2;SELECT CNO,AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE GROUP BY CNO;SELECT CNO,AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE GROUP BY CNO HAVING AVG(GRADE) > 80;SELECT SSEX,COUNT(SNO) FROM STUDENT GROUP BY SSEX;SELECT SNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE = (SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');SELECT SNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE >= ALL(SELECT GRADE FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');SELECT * FROM SCORE ORDER BY CNO ASC,GRADE DESC;SELECT * FROM STUDENT,SCORE WHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT,SCOREWHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO AND CNO = 'C001' AND GRADE = (SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001');SELECT * FROM STUDENT INNER JOIN SCORE ON STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;SELECT * FROM STUDENT INNER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);SELECT * FROM STUDENT CROSS JOIN SCORE WHERE STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;SELECT * FROM STUDENT NATURAL INNER JOIN SCORE;SELECT * FROM STUDENT LEFT OUTER JOIN SCORE ON STUDENT.SNO = SCORE.SNO;SELECT * FROM STUDENT RIGHT OUTER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);SELECT * FROM STUDENT FULL OUTER JOIN SCORE USING(SNO);-- 查询考试不及格的学生姓名和挂科的科目名称SELECT SNAME,CNAMEFROM (SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO))     LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)WHERE GRADE < 60;-- 查询所有java考试成绩高于平均分的学生的姓名和成绩SELECT SNAME,GRADEFROM (SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO))     LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)WHERE CNAME = 'JAVA'AND GRADE > (    SELECT AVG(GRADE) FROM SCORE LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO)    WHERE CNAME = 'JAVA');select * from (SELECT  *  from   test   RIGHT   JOIN   t_grade  using(ID) )  a  where `数学` > 90-- 查询同时参加了C001和C002科目考试的学生编号SELECT SNO FROM(SELECT SNO,CNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C001')INNER JOIN(SELECT SNO,CNO FROM SCORE WHERE CNO = 'C002')USING(SNO);-- 查询lili同学参加的所有科目考试中成绩最高的那门科目的授课老师名字SELECT TNAME,CNAME FROMTEACHER LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(TNO)WHERE CNO IN (      SELECT CNO FROM      SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO)      WHERE SNAME = 'LILI'      AND GRADE = ( SELECT MAX(GRADE) FROM                    SCORE LEFT JOIN STUDENT USING(SNO)                    WHERE SNAME = 'LILI'      ));-- 查询库存目前还有多少CREATE TABLE CLOTHER_STORE(    CTYPE VARCHAR2(10),    STORENUM NUMBER);CREATE TABLE CLOTHER_SALE(    CTYPE VARCHAR2(10),    SALENUM NUMBER);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_STORE VALUES('T-SHIRT',600);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_STORE VALUES('COAT',700);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('T-SHIRT',140);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('T-SHIRT',165);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('COAT',90);INSERT INTO CLOTHER_SALE VALUES('COAT',78);SELECT CTYPE,STORENUM-SNUM AS KCSY FROMCLOTHER_STORE LEFT JOIN(SELECT CTYPE,SUM(SALENUM) SNUM FROM CLOTHER_SALE GROUP BY CTYPE)USING(CTYPE);-- 切换到scott用户SELECT * FROM EMP;SELECT * FROM DEPT;

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以下是SQL练习内容

--1． 列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。

SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO,DNAME FROMEMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO);

--2． 列出薪金比"SMITH"多的所有员工。

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > (SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE ENAME = 'SMITH');

--3． 列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。

SELECT E.ENAME 员工姓名,B.ENAME 上级姓名 FROMEMP E LEFT JOIN EMP B ON E.MGR = B.EMPNO;

--4． 列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。

SELECT E.ENAME 员工姓名,E.HIREDATE 员工受雇日期,B.ENAME 上级姓名,B.HIREDATE 上级受雇日期FROM EMP E LEFT JOIN EMP B ON E.MGR = B.EMPNOWHERE E.HIREDATE < B.HIREDATE;

--5． 列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息，同时列出那些没有员工的部门。

SELECT DNAME,EMP.* FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO;

--6． 列出所有"CLERK"（办事员）的姓名及其部门名称。

SELECT ENAME,DNAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO) WHERE JOB = 'CLERK';

--7． 列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。

SELECT JOB FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB HAVING MIN(SAL) > 1500;

--8． 列出在部门"SALES"（销售部）工作的员工的姓名，假定不知道销售部的部门编号。

SELECT ENAME FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO) WHERE DNAME = 'SALES';

--9． 列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > (SELECT AVG(SAL) FROM EMP);

--10．列出与"SCOTT"从事相同工作的所有员工。

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB = (SELECT JOB FROM EMP WHERE ENAME = 'SCOTT') AND ENAME <> 'SCOTT';

--11．列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。

SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL = ANY(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 30) AND DEPTNO <> 30;

--12．列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。

SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL > ALL(SELECT SAL FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 30) AND DEPTNO

<> 30;

--13．列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。

SELECT DEPTNO,COUNT(EMPNO) 员工数量,ROUND(AVG(SAL),2) 平均工资,       ROUND(AVG(MONTHS_BETWEEN(CURRENT_DATE,HIREDATE))/12,2) 平均服务年限FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO)GROUP BY DEPTNO;

--14．列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。

SELECT ENAME,DNAME,SAL FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT USING(DEPTNO);

--15．列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。

SELECT DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC,COUNT(EMPNO) FROMDEPT LEFT JOIN EMP ON EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNOGROUP BY DEPT.DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC;

--16．列出各种工作的最低工资。

SELECT JOB,MIN(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB;

--17．列出各个部门的MANAGER（经理）的最低薪金。

SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP WHERE JOB = 'MANAGER';

--18．列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。

SELECT ENAME,SAL*12+NVL(COMM,0) 年薪 FROM EMP ORDER BY 年薪;

--19．列出经理人的名字。

SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE JOB = 'MANAGER' OR JOB = 'PRESIDENT';

--20．不用组函数，求出薪水的最大值。

SELECT SAL FROM (SELECT SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC) WHERE ROWNUM = 1;

--21．列出薪资第2高到第8高的员工。

SELECT SAL FROM(SELECT ROWNUM RN,SAL FROM(SELECT SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC))WHERE RN >= 2 AND RN <= 8;

-- 切换回普通用户

-- union, INTERSECT,MINUSCREATE TABLE A1 (    V1 NUMBER,    V2 VARCHAR2(10));CREATE TABLE A2 (    V3 NUMBER,    V4 VARCHAR2(10),    V5 VARCHAR2(10));INSERT INTO A1 VALUES(10,'A001');INSERT INTO A1 VALUES(11,'A002');INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(10,'A001','HAHA');INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(12,'A003','HEIHEI');INSERT INTO A2 VALUES(13,'A004','HOHO');SELECT * FROM A1 UNION (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);SELECT * FROM A1 UNION ALL (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);SELECT * FROM A1 INTERSECT (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);SELECT * FROM A1 MINUS (SELECT V3，V4 FROM A2);

-- 带锁查询

UPDATE CLOTHER_STORE SET STORENUM = 600 WHERE CTYPE = 'T-SHIRT';SELECT * FROM CLOTHER_STORE FOR UPDATE WAIT 5;UPDATE CLOTHER_STORE SET STORENUM = STORENUM - 400 WHERE CTYPE = 'T-SHIRT';-- DCL 之 COMMITSELECT * FROM STUDENT;DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE SNO = 'S011';COMMIT;-- DCL 之 ROLLBACK 和 SAVEPOINTSELECT * FROM CLOTHER_SALE;UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;ROLLBACK;UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;SAVEPOINT CPD;UPDATE CLOTHER_SALE SET SALENUM = SALENUM + 10;ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT CPD;-- DCL 之 GRANTGRANT CREATE VIEW TO LUYY124;GRANT UPDATE ANY TABLE TO LUYY124;-- DDL 之 REVOKEREVOKE CREATE VIEW FROM LUYY124;-- CREATE VIEWCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STUDENT_VIEW ASSELECT * FROM (STUDENT LEFT JOIN SCORE USING(SNO)) LEFT JOIN COURSE USING(CNO);SELECT * FROM STUDENT_VIEW;SELECT SNAME,CNAME FROM STUDENT_VIEW WHERE GRADE < 60;SELECT * FROM SCORE;UPDATE SCORE SET GRADE = GRADE + 1 WHERE SNO = 'S001' AND CNO = 'C001';CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STUDENT_VIEW AS SELECT * FROM SCORE;UPDATE STUDENT_VIEW SET GRADE = GRADE - 1 WHERE SNO = 'S001' AND CNO = 'C001';-- CREATE INDEXCREATE INDEX SNAME_INDEX ON STUDENT(SNAME ASC) ;SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE SNAME = 'LILI';DROP INDEX SNAME_INDEX;