如何解析MYSQL ERROR 1146 Table doesnt exist
今天就跟大家聊聊有关如何解析MYSQL ERROR 1146 Table doesnt exist ,可能很多人都不太了解,为了让大家更加了解,小编给大家总结了以下内容,希望大家根据这篇文章可以有所收获。
源码版本 5.7.14
在MYSQL使用innodb的时候我们有时候会看到如下报错:
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test1bak' doesn't exist
首先总结下原因:
缺少frm文件
innodb数据字典不包含这个表
我们重点讨论情况2,因为情况1是显而易见的。
?在使用innodb存储引擎的时候某些时候我们show tables能够看到这个表,但是如果进行任何操作会报错如下:
mysql> show tables;| test1bak |mysql> desc test1bak ;ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test.test1bak' doesn't exist
也许你会说我明明能够看到这个表啊,为什么访问还会报错呢?其实要清楚innodb有自己的数据字典,只要有frm 文件存在show tables就能看到,但是最终是否能够正常打开表结构在innodb中还依赖于innodb的数据字典,主要的包含:
INNODB_SYS_columns
INNODB_SYS_FIELDS
INNODB_SYS_TABLES
INNODB_SYS_INDEXES
如果报错出现我们需要首先查看的是INNODB_SYS_TABLES是否包含了这个表的信息。也许在这些数据字典中也许某些列并显示并不是那么明确,比如
mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_sys_tables where name='test/kkkkm1';+----------+-------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+| TABLE_ID | NAME | FLAG | N_COLS | SPACE | FILE_FORMAT | ROW_FORMAT | ZIP_PAGE_SIZE | SPACE_TYPE |+----------+-------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+| 374 | test/kkkkm1 | 33 | 6 | 540 | Barracuda | Dynamic | 0 | Single |+----------+-------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+
比如这里的FLAG列为33,他实际上是一个位图表示方式,分别表示如下信息:
/* Table and tablespace flags are generally not used for the Antelope fileformat except for the low order bit, which is used differently depending onwhere the flags are stored.==================== Low order flags bit ========================= | REDUNDANT | COMPACT | COMPRESSED and DYNAMICSYS_TABLES.TYPE | 1 | 1 | 1dict_table_t::flags | 0 | 1 | 1FSP_SPACE_FLAGS | 0 | 0 | 1fil_space_t::flags | 0 | 0 | 1/** Width of the COMPACT flag */#define DICT_TF_WIDTH_COMPACT 1/** Width of the ZIP_SSIZE flag */#define DICT_TF_WIDTH_ZIP_SSIZE 4/** Width of the ATOMIC_BLOBS flag. The Antelope file formats broke upBLOB and TEXT fields, storing the first 768 bytes in the clustered index.Barracuda row formats store the whole blob or text field off-page atomically.Secondary indexes are created from this external data using row_ext_tto cache the BLOB prefixes. */#define DICT_TF_WIDTH_ATOMIC_BLOBS 1/** If a table is created with the MYSQL option DATA DIRECTORY andinnodb-file-per-table, an older engine will not be able to find that table.This flag prevents older engines from attempting to open the table andallows InnoDB to update_create_info() accordingly. */#define DICT_TF_WIDTH_DATA_DIR 1/** Width of the SHARED tablespace flag.It is used to identify tables that exist inside a shared general tablespace.If a table is created with the TABLESPACE=tsname option, an older engine willnot be able to find that table. This flag prevents older engines from attemptingto open the table and allows InnoDB to quickly find the tablespace. */#define DICT_TF_WIDTH_SHARED_SPACE 1
接下来我们分析一下为什么是FLAG是33如下:
33的二进制为00100001从低位开始 1:从源码注释来看本位COMPACT/COMPRESSED/DYNAMIC均为1 0000: ZIP_SSIZE flag 这四位用于支持压缩功能如COMPRESSED 1:ATOMIC_BLOBS flag 这一位是COMPACT和DYNAMIC主要区别所在,请看源码注释 0:DATA DIRECTORY and innodb-file-per-table flag为了支持DATA DIRECTORY语法 0:SHARED tablespace flag为了支持TABLESPACE语法
然后我们测试一下:
如果我们建立如下的表:CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE = innodb_file_per_tableDATA DIRECTORY = '/root/mysql5.7.14/percona-server-5.7.14-7/mysql-test/var/mysqld.1';其type为97二进制为 01100001:使用DATA DIRECTORY建立使用ATOMIC_BLOBS且无压缩则DYNAMIC格式详见:15.5.5 Creating a File-Per-Table Tablespace Outside the Data Directory如果我们建立如下的表:CREATE TABLESPACE tt1 ADD DATAFILE '/root/mysql5.7.14/tt1.ibd';CREATE TABLE tsh (c1 INT ) TABLESPACE tt1 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT ;其type为129二进制为 10000001:使用TABLESPACE语法建立不使用ATOMIC_BLOBS且无压缩则为COMPACT格式详见:15.5.9 InnoDB General Tablespaces
我们可以看到使用8位一个字节而已就可以表示出大量的信息,这也是位图的优势,其他比如 MTYPE/PRTYPE也是这种表示方式
接下来我们回到主题,需要看看这个错到底是哪里报错来的?进行trace后如下,我们来看看主要部分:
注意这里的trace是mysql debug版本下查看函数调用的主要方法参考官方文档26.5.1.2 Creating Trace Files
502 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | >ha_innobase::open_dict_table 503 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | >dict_table_open_on_name 504 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_table_open_on_name: table: 'test/test1bak' 505 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | >dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low 506 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low: table: 'test/test1bak' 507 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | |dict_load_table 509 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_load_table: loading table: 'test/test1bak' 510 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | >dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low 511 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low: table: 'test/test1bak' 512 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_load_table_one 514 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_load_table_one: table: test/test1bak 515 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | >dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low 516 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dict_table_check_if_in_cache_low: table: 'SYS_TABLES' 517 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | btr_cur_search_to_nth_level 519 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sql_print_warning 525 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | >error_log_print 526 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | >print_buffer_to_file 527 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | enter: buffer: InnoDB: Cannot open table test/test1bak from the internal data dictionary of InnoDB though the .frm file for the table exists. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue. 528 T@2: | | | | | | | | | | | | | 其实大概步骤就是
Checks if a table is in the dictionary cache
根据dict_sys->table_hash寻找Loads a table definition and also all its index definitions.
通过扫描字典的B+树进行加载如果不能找到则报错
这样也就解释了为什么show tables能够看到但是select却报错Table doesn't exist ,而从原理上讲show tables只是查看了frm文件。
另外这里也提一个案列,曾经有一个朋友问我他将整个库目录都拷贝了,但是表能看到但是一操作就报Table doesn't exist,显然他没有拷贝ibdata1,数据字典的引导信息都存在这里面文件的第7个page中,其b+树也是存在其中,用源码解释一下:
/**********************************************************************//**Gets a pointer to the dictionary header and x-latches its page.@return pointer to the dictionary header, page x-latched */dict_hdr_t*dict_hdr_get(/*=========*/ mtr_t* mtr) /*!< in: mtr */{ buf_block_t* block; dict_hdr_t* header; block = buf_page_get(page_id_t(DICT_HDR_SPACE, DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO), univ_page_size, RW_X_LATCH, mtr); header = DICT_HDR + buf_block_get_frame(block); buf_block_dbg_add_level(block, SYNC_DICT_HEADER); return(header);}注意这里的 DICT_HDR_SPACE, DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO分别是宏定义
/* Space id and page no where the dictionary header resides */#define DICT_HDR_SPACE 0 /* the SYSTEM tablespace */#define DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO FSP_DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO#define FSP_DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO 7 /*!< data dictionary header page, in tablespace 0 */space 0就是ibdata1的space_no,7当然就是引导块,这哥们连ibdata1都没拷贝,当然innodb数据字典自然不包含这些表了。其实也是上面描述的原理 。
?那么正确的拷贝的方式一定是停机后,整个数据目录进行拷贝,而不是仅仅拷贝需要的库的目录,否则innodb数据字典是不能正常加载的。最后附带space 0的部分块解释
/*--------------------------------------*/#define FSP_XDES_OFFSET 0 /* !< extent descriptor */#define FSP_IBUF_BITMAP_OFFSET 1 /* !< insert buffer bitmap */ /* The ibuf bitmap pages are the ones whose page number is the number above plus a multiple of XDES_DESCRIBED_PER_PAGE */#define FSP_FIRST_INODE_PAGE_NO 2 /*!< in every tablespace */ /* The following pages exist in the system tablespace (space 0). */#define FSP_IBUF_HEADER_PAGE_NO 3 /*!< insert buffer header page, in tablespace 0 */#define FSP_IBUF_TREE_ROOT_PAGE_NO 4 /*!< insert buffer B-tree root page in tablespace 0 */ /* The ibuf tree root page number in tablespace 0; its fseg inode is on the page number FSP_FIRST_INODE_PAGE_NO */#define FSP_TRX_SYS_PAGE_NO 5 /*!< transaction system header, in tablespace 0 */#define FSP_FIRST_RSEG_PAGE_NO 6 /*!< first rollback segment page, in tablespace 0 */#define FSP_DICT_HDR_PAGE_NO 7 /*!< data dictionary header page, in tablespace 0 */****/*--------------------------------------*/****看完上述内容,你们对如何解析MYSQL ERROR 1146 Table doesnt exist 有进一步的了解吗?如果还想了解更多知识或者相关内容,请关注行业资讯频道,感谢大家的支持。