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如何进行openssl学习的分析

发表于：2025-02-02 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月02日，本篇文章为大家展示了如何进行openssl学习的分析，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。传输过程要素：完整性、机密性、身份验证1、加密算法1）对称加

千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月02日如何进行openssl学习的分析

本篇文章为大家展示了如何进行openssl学习的分析，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

传输过程要素：完整性、机密性、身份验证

1、加密算法

1）对称加密：

2）公钥加密算法（非对称加密算法）：

公钥：任何人都可以看到

私钥：自己才能看到

3）ike：秘钥交换协议

4）PKI：公钥基础设施

对称加密：

使用同一个密码

加密算法：DES、3DES

AES192、AES256、AES512

单向加密：

算法：MD5、SHA1、CRC-32、SHA192

公钥加密：身份认证、数据加密

算法：RSA（加密、签名）、DSA（签名）、Elgamal

OpenSSL：SSL的开源实现

通用加密库：libcrypto

libssl：TLS/SSL的实现

基于会话的、实现了身份认证、数据机密性和会话完整性的TLS/SSL库

openssl：命令行工具

实现私有的证书颁发

[root@192 ~]# rpm -q opensslopenssl-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64[root@192 ~]#  openssl versionOpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017[root@192 ~]#

openssl官方网站： https://www.openssl.org/

子命令：

openssl speed 速度测试工具

[root@192 ~]# openssl speed desDoing des cbc for 3s on 16 size blocks: 11523085 des cbc's in 2.96sDoing des cbc for 3s on 64 size blocks: 3017947 des cbc's in 2.98sDoing des cbc for 3s on 256 size blocks: 767332 des cbc's in 2.98sDoing des cbc for 3s on 1024 size blocks: 189100 des cbc's in 2.97sDoing des cbc for 3s on 8192 size blocks: 23942 des cbc's in 2.97sDoing des ede3 for 3s on 16 size blocks: ^

openssl enc：加密，解密文件

[root@192 demo]# openssl enc -des3 -salt -in /tmp/demo/1.txt -out 1.txt.des3enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:Verifying - enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:[root@192 demo]# ll总用量 8-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 10月 21 22:01 1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 11月 24 23:47 1.txt.des3[root@192 demo]# view 1.txt[root@192 demo]# view 1.txt.des3 [root@192 demo]#

openssl dgst：计算软件特征码

[root@192 demo]# md5sum 1.txtc7fd8dfd6902d5503d5d1f41940174bf  1.txt[root@192 demo]# sha1sum 1.txt7eac1643c87e8a425c3e361c7e0a2a48e8bba9b8  1.txt[root@192 demo]# md5sum 1.txt.2c7fd8dfd6902d5503d5d1f41940174bf  1.txt.2[root@192 demo]# openssl dgst -md5 1.txtMD5(1.txt)= c7fd8dfd6902d5503d5d1f41940174bf[root@192 demo]#

openssl passwd -1：生产加密字符串

[root@192 demo]# openssl passwd -1Password: Verifying - Password: $1$93NfzJP4$vIiNiNwVPt.kqR232B6KJ.[root@192 demo]#

2、证书吊销列表：CRL

3、CA：证书颁发机构

PKI：定义CA，CA之间的信任关系、CA的吊销列表

PKI：TLS/SSL：x509

PKI：OpenGPG

4、证书格式：

1）x509：TLS/SSL

公钥，有效期限

证书的合法拥有者

证书该如何被使用

CA信息

CA签名的公钥、私钥

2）pkcs12

5、TLS/SSL OpenGPG

四层模型：链路层、网络层、传输层、应用层

七层模型：物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层、应用层

TCP/IP、http、smtp、ftp

https：使用443端口

SSL：安全套接字 sercure socket layer

SSLv2、SSLv3

TLS：传输层安全协议

HTTP：基于TCP协议

HTTPS：使用443端口

0）TCP三次握手

1）建立SSL会话

2）server端将证书发给客户端

3）client验证证书、生成随机对称秘钥

4）client传输通过公钥加密后的密码，发送给server

二、openssl实现私有CA

2.1、生成一对秘钥

[root@192 demo]# openssl genrsa 2048 >> server.keyGenerating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus.......................................................................................................................................................................................................+++..............................................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)[root@192 demo]# ll总用量 16-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 10月 21 22:01 1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 11月 24 23:49 1.txt.2-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 11月 24 23:47 1.txt.des3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 11月 25 00:15 server.key

2.2、生成公钥

[root@192 demo]# openssl rsa -in server.key -pubout -out client.keywriting RSA key[root@192 demo]# ll总用量 20-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 10月 21 22:01 1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 11月 24 23:49 1.txt.2-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 11月 24 23:47 1.txt.des3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  451 11月 25 00:20 client.key-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 11月 25 00:15 server.key

2.3、生成自签署证书

[root@192 demo]# openssl req -new -x509 -key server.key -out server.crt -days 365You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:shanghaiLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghaiOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:fullgoalOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ITCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:testEmail Address []:test@test.com[root@192 demo]# ll总用量 24-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 10月 21 22:01 1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   10 11月 24 23:49 1.txt.2-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 11月 24 23:47 1.txt.des3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  451 11月 25 00:20 client.key-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1391 11月 25 00:24 server.crt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 11月 25 00:15 server.key[root@192 demo]#

2.4、输出证书信息

[root@192 demo]# openssl x509 -text -in server.crt Certificate:    Data:        Version: 3 (0x2)        Serial Number:            e4:15:8c:18:56:55:8c:4e    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption        Issuer: C=CN, ST=shanghai, L=shanghai, O=fullgoal, OU=IT, CN=test/emailAddress=test@test.com        Validity            Not Before: Nov 24 16:24:04 2018 GMT            Not After : Nov 24 16:24:04 2019 GMT        Subject: C=CN, ST=shanghai, L=shanghai, O=fullgoal, OU=IT, CN=test/emailAddress=test@test.com        Subject Public Key Info:            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption                Public-Key: (2048 bit)                Modulus:                    00:c9:ba:c2:13:78:d5:51:56:85:aa:99:6d:61:73:                    8d:87:c4:57:a1:ca:90:2d:4c:d0:6c:61:15:98:82:                    1d:c4:e5:4a:d9:57:e4:86:46:f5:f2:9b:84:f5:76:                    69:d2:11:7a:7d:d5:c1:57:c2:35:8f:6f:46:51:fb:                    d7:35:dc:21:cd:e9:f2:16:3c:00:dd:56:f1:6e:76:                    58:a3:cd:52:31:6b:fa:04:51:e1:92:a9:f0:d9:2a:                    57:20:aa:c1:88:df:b2:ca:45:14:cc:06:18:d1:2f:                    62:da:5c:90:50:a4:ed:c8:42:49:2b:81:4c:ae:1f:                    a3:3c:88:38:21:25:7a:9f:8b:c5:69:8e:69:2d:af:                    23:65:03:0e:69:16:ab:b9:48:18:25:08:ff:4e:ce:                    c0:10:39:a7:ed:94:9f:a1:a9:d3:cb:f3:4b:c2:24:                    4d:fe:87:86:f9:91:80:a7:23:01:0f:ad:8c:f4:e1:                    d3:ff:85:24:07:39:64:32:02:46:a8:df:5a:83:bf:                    70:2e:d0:a3:7e:0c:d5:71:39:a7:21:fa:2d:5a:a3:                    41:16:1a:06:38:7c:37:c4:12:59:fc:c2:83:c5:93:                    0f:b8:de:f1:ca:57:64:ad:9f:5f:a7:2c:43:63:b2:                    61:93:dd:fc:4a:bb:bf:d8:e2:e2:9e:a3:82:a8:1a:                    27:c5                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)        X509v3 extensions:            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:                 59:88:62:54:A7:93:A7:7D:71:D2:97:45:29:6C:5A:63:0A:55:14:90            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:                 keyid:59:88:62:54:A7:93:A7:7D:71:D2:97:45:29:6C:5A:63:0A:55:14:90            X509v3 Basic Constraints:                 CA:TRUE    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption         8e:f7:ad:3a:04:7d:dd:41:67:df:b2:3b:d3:31:02:33:c2:e1:         20:d0:29:0d:7e:98:c8:8c:87:e0:2b:62:70:3a:6e:fb:d3:9a:         20:a6:89:ef:04:5d:d6:3f:ac:ae:12:91:ce:fb:a4:bf:b5:32:         49:cb:09:e5:f1:09:71:a9:e8:4b:1c:84:de:cc:e7:70:7c:24:         8d:66:38:05:63:7f:40:bd:1a:c7:1b:43:df:69:9b:0c:de:22:         26:b0:26:00:b7:2b:61:12:a8:d4:18:7f:b8:24:59:f3:43:35:         26:d4:90:23:db:80:8a:37:a4:63:74:aa:9f:50:bf:9c:a6:86:         0c:a1:60:65:1d:80:20:8b:e2:0d:fb:32:a4:00:01:99:9a:df:         e6:f8:6b:15:7a:3b:52:3c:92:0a:51:d6:9e:31:03:6e:65:90:         af:ca:77:e7:37:69:ac:75:f7:3e:09:fa:64:b7:39:3b:a1:e3:         c3:02:e7:5f:85:25:7f:78:cf:c6:37:1a:80:41:1b:a2:e3:7d:         c0:fc:bc:e1:a8:70:3a:da:29:79:c2:83:2b:63:07:ce:8e:81:         0b:1f:47:91:84:df:23:1f:bc:67:2d:5c:3a:3e:95:f2:b4:82:         d5:99:0e:8e:b3:0e:cd:2a:74:98:37:50:b0:1c:e7:01:7e:4f:         b8:6c:0f:7c-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----[root@192 demo]#

2.5、创建CA

[root@192 demo]# cd /etc/pki/tls/[root@192 tls]# vi openssl.cnf [root@192 CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048 )Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus...............................................+++..................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)[root@192 CA]# ll总用量 0drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 4月  11 2018 certsdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 4月  11 2018 crldrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 4月  11 2018 newcertsdrwx------. 2 root root 23 11月 25 00:35 private[root@192 CA]# ll private/总用量 4-rw------- 1 root root 1679 11月 25 00:35 cakey.pem[root@192 CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pemYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:shanghaiLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghaiOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:fullgoalOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ITCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:fullgoalEmail Address []:fullgoal@fullgoal.com[root@192 CA]# ll总用量 4-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1424 11月 25 00:37 cacert.pemdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 4月  11 2018 certsdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 4月  11 2018 crldrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 4月  11 2018 newcertsdrwx------. 2 root root   23 11月 25 00:35 private[root@192 CA]# touch index.txt[root@192 CA]# echo 01 > serial[root@192 CA]# lscacert.pem  certs  crl  index.txt  newcerts  private  serial[root@192 CA]#

2.6、到CA申请许可

[root@192 ~]# cd /tmp/demo/[root@192 demo]# ls1.txt  1.txt.2  1.txt.des3  client.key  server.crt  server.key[root@192 demo]# mkdir ssl[root@192 demo]# cd ssl/[root@192 ssl]# pwd/tmp/demo/ssl[root@192 ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out httpd.key )Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus................................+++....................................................+++e is 65537 (0x10001)[root@192 ssl]# lshttpd.key[root@192 ssl]# cat httpd.key -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----[root@192 ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CNState or Province Name (full name) []:shanghaiLocality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghaiOrganization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:fullgoalOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ITCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.full.comEmail Address []:full@full1.com   Please enter the following 'extra' attributesto be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []:An optional company name []:[root@192 ssl]# lshttpd.csr  httpd.key[root@192 ssl]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnfCheck that the request matches the signatureSignature okCertificate Details:        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)        Validity            Not Before: Nov 24 16:45:54 2018 GMT            Not After : Nov 24 16:45:54 2019 GMT        Subject:            countryName               = CN            stateOrProvinceName       = shanghai            organizationName          = fullgoal            organizationalUnitName    = IT            commonName                = www.full.com            emailAddress              = full@full1.com        X509v3 extensions:            X509v3 Basic Constraints:                 CA:FALSE            Netscape Comment:                 OpenSSL Generated Certificate            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:                 D8:67:DC:DA:25:5F:1C:FC:7C:CB:BC:4F:9B:85:20:2B:9D:47:A2:61            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:                 keyid:36:9F:EF:EF:DC:DF:CB:37:E7:69:EE:8C:EA:91:A0:30:A1:88:17:B8Certificate is to be certified until Nov 24 16:45:54 2019 GMT (365 days)Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]yWrite out database with 1 new entriesData Base Updated[root@192 ssl]# lshttpd.crt  httpd.csr  httpd.key[root@192 ssl]# cd /etc/pki/CA/[root@192 CA]# cat index.txtV       191124164554Z           01      unknown /C=CN/ST=shanghai/O=fullgoal/OU=IT/CN=www.full.com/emailAddress=full@full1.com[root@192 CA]#

私有证书颁发流程：

创建CA：生成加密字符串->生成证书->放到openssl.conf指定路径

申请证书：生成加密字符串->生成私有证书->发给CA签名

三、客户端

sshd：主机秘钥

ssh配置文件：ssh_config客户端、sshd_config服务器端

上述内容就是如何进行openssl学习的分析，你们学到知识或技能了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备，欢迎关注行业资讯频道。

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