MySQL--------多版本多实例混合部署

1. 背景

* MySQL数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个MySQL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的，每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。

* 网上多实例一般通过实例版本相同实现，此次以不同版本来实现多实例部署(5.5、5.6、5.7)。

2. 多实例特点

* 有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。

* 资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。

3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final)[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce Disabled

4. MySQL 二进制包准备

* 下载官方5.5二进制安装包

[root@MySQL ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

* 下载官方5.6二进制安装包

[root@MySQL ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

* 下载官方5.7二进制安装包

[root@MySQL ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

5. mysql 版本初始化并统一修改密码

* 创建 MySQL 用户

[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

* 创建MySQL数据目录

[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data_{5..7}mkdir: created directory `/data'mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data_5'mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data_6'mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data_7'

* 修改MySQL 数据目录所属用户与所属组

[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql_data_*

* 解压MySQL 各版本至 /usr/local 目录

[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@MySQL ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/

* MySQL 5.5 初始化

[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_5 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

* MySQL 5.5 修改密码

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_5 &[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.5.57 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password = password('123');Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> quitBye[root@MySQL ~]# killall mysqld

* MySQL 5.6 初始化

[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_6 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

* MySQL 5.6修改密码

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_6 &[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password = password('123');Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> quitBye[root@MySQL ~]# killall mysqld

* MySQL 5.7 初始化 [ 注意初始化提示的随机密码 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql-files[root@MySQL ~]# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql_data_7 /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql-files[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data_7 --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

* MySQL 5.7修改密码

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data_7 &[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql -p'INoGk(hoj9>/'mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.18Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password = '123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> quitBye[root@MySQL ~]# killall mysqld

6. 多版本部署

* 编辑/etc/my.cnf

[client]# 设置登陆用户user = root# 设置登陆用户密码password = 123[mysqld]# mysql 运行用户user = mysql# 设置 mysql 监听 IP 地址bind_address = 0.0.0.0# 关闭 DNS 反解析skip-name-resolve = 0# 关闭监听performance_schema = off# 设置buffer pool 大小innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M# 设置错误日志文件名log_error = error.log[mysqld_multi]# 设置multi 日志log = /tmp/mysql_multi.log[mysqld5]# 设置实例所在目录basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64# 设置mysql 运行程序所在路径mysqld = /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld# 设置mysql 管理运行程序所在路径mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql-5.5.57-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqladmin# 设置实例数据目录 -- 多实例中一定要不同datadir = /data/mysql_data_5# 设置socket 文件路径 -- 多实例中一定要不同socket = /tmp/mysql.sock5# 设置实例监听端口 -- 多实例中一定要不同port = 3305[mysqld6]basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64mysqld = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqldmysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqladmindatadir = /data/mysql_data_6socket = /tmp/mysql.sock6port = 3306[mysqld7]basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64datadir = /data/mysql_data_7socket = /tmp/mysql.sock7port = 3307

* 从随意版本二进制包中support-files目录下复制mysqld_multi.server启动脚本至 /etc/init.d/

[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

* 随意版本创始软链接，并设置环境变量

[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql[root@MySQL ~]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

7. 测试

* 查看多实例状态

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi reportReporting MySQL serversMySQL server from group: mysqld5 is not runningMySQL server from group: mysqld6 is not runningMySQL server from group: mysqld7 is not running

* 启动多实例 [ 需等候几秒 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start [root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi reportReporting MySQL serversMySQL server from group: mysqld5 is runningMySQL server from group: mysqld6 is runningMySQL server from group: mysqld7 is running[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep mysqldtcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3305                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      43750/mysqld        tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      43753/mysqld        tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      43756/mysqld

* 分别连接实例

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock5Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> quitBye[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock6Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> quitBye[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock7Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> quitBye

* 停止多实例

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi stop[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi reportReporting MySQL serversMySQL server from group: mysqld5 is not runningMySQL server from group: mysqld6 is not runningMySQL server from group: mysqld7 is not running

8. 总结

以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。