详述CentOS 7中Apache配置与应用（一）

Apache连接保持

Apache连接保持相关参数

• KeepAlive

  • 是否打开连接保持，OFF关闭，ON打开

• KeepAlive' Timeout

  • 一次连接多次请求之间的最大间隔时间，两次请求超过该时间连接断开
• MaxKeepAliveRequests
  • 一次连接能够 传输的最大请求数量

Apache访问控制

• 作用

  • 控制对网站资源的访问
  • 为特定的网站目录添加访问授权
• 常用访问控制方式
  • 客户机地址限制
  • 用户授权限制

基于客户端地址的访问控制

• 使用Require配置项实现访问控制，按先后顺序限制

• 可用于<Location>、<Directory>、<Files>、 <Limit>配置段中

• Require配置项的常见语法

Require all grantedRequire all deniedRequire localRequire [not] host <主机名或域名列表>//使用not禁止访问时要将其置于 容器中并在容器中指定相应的限制策略Require [not] ip 

配置实例

在Linux系统中安装DNS、HTTP服务，并设置DNS服务。

[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind httpd -y   //安装服务已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com...//省略部分内容...已安装:  bind.x86_64 32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7                    httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos ...//省略部分内容...  完毕！[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.conf    //编辑DNS配置文件...//省略部分内容...options {        listen-on port 53 { any; };            //更改IP地址为any        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };        directory       "/var/named";        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";        allow-query     { any; };             //更改监听主机为any...//省略部分内容... :wq[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones     //编辑区域配置文件...//省略部分内容...zone "kgc.com" IN {                      //更改域名        type master;        file "kgc.com.zone";         //更改区域数据文件名        allow-update { none; };};...//省略部分内容...:wq[root@localhost conf]# cd /var/named/           //进入区域数据文件目录[root@localhost named]# ls                     //查看目录data  dynamic  named.ca  named.empty  named.localhost  named.loopback  slaves[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone     //复制区域数据文件[root@localhost named]# vim kgc.com.zone               //进入编辑文件$TTL 1D @       IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (                                        0       ; serial                                        1D      ; refresh                                        1H      ; retry                                        1W      ; expire                                        3H )    ; minimum        NS      @        A       127.0.0.1www IN  A       192.168.144.133                   //设置域名解析:wq                                        //保存退出

开启两台win 10客户机，并查看客户机IP地址

在Linux系统中进入http服务站点目录，编辑主页内容，并开启DNS、HTTP服务，关闭防火墙及增强性安全功能

[root@localhost named]# cd /var/www/html/    //进入http服务站点目录[root@localhost html]# vim index.html             //编辑默认主页
this is kgc web
             //编辑内容:wq[root@localhost html]# ls           //查看index.html              [root@localhost html]# cat index.html    //查看网页内容
this is kgc web
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd.service         //启动http服务[root@localhost html]# systemctl start named                   //启动DNS服务[root@localhost html]# systemctl stop firewalld.service         //关闭防火墙[root@localhost html]# setenforce 0                            //关闭增强性安全功能

使用两台win 10客户机分别访问往网站信息，看服务是否正常提供

在Linux系统中配置HTTP服务配置文件，设置客户机访问权限

[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  //编辑主配置文件内容（现网中不建议直接修改主配置文件内容，可以重新添加子配置文件进行限制）...//省略部分内容...    #    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",    # or any combination of:    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews    #    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"    # doesn't give it to you.    #    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options    # for more information.    #    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks    #    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit    #    AllowOverride None    #    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.    #                               //在此容器下添加子容器       Require not ip 192.168.144.128                    //添加限制访问主机的IP地址（如若限制网段直接添加192.168.144.0/24即可，注意限制网段需填写子网掩码）       Require all granted    ...//省略部分内容...:wq[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd.service 

查看限制的第一台win 10客户端是否还可以访问网站

用户授权限制

配置实例

创建用户认证数据库

[root@localhost html]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/conf/pwd test01  //创建用户认证数据库（-c为创建，如果已经存在数据认证文件可以不用-c，直接就可以使用命令添加进认证文件中）New password:               //输入设置的密码Re-type new password:         //再次输入密码Adding password for user test01  //成功创建[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/httpd/conf        //进入目录[root@localhost conf]# ls        //查看httpd.conf  magic  pwd            //成功创建文件[root@localhost conf]# cat pwd     //查看文件内容test01:$apr1$zDZ/54yz$rUCXaWixaltHE6ZBvjv0h/    //创建的用户及密码

添加用户授权配置

[root@localhost conf]# vim httpd.conf...//省略部分内容...    #    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",    # or any combination of:    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews    #    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"    # doesn't give it to you.    #    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options    # for more information.    #    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks    #    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit    #    AllowOverride None    #    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.    #   AuthName "DocumentRoot"                      //更改上面的访问控制条目，此条目声明验证信息   AuthType Basic                               //验证类型为基本验证   AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/pwd             //验证文件路径   Require valid-user                           //设置为授权用户验证...//省略部分内容...:wq                                          //保存退出[root@localhost conf]# systemctl restart httpd.service  //重新启动服务

在客户机中验证配置