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模式匹配like'%XXX%'优化

发表于:2025-01-24 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月24日,在MySQL里,like'XXX%可以用到索引,但like '%XXX%'却不行,比如,以下这个案例:查看测试表行数:点击(此处)折叠或打开mysql> select count(*) from te
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月24日模式匹配like'%XXX%'优化在MySQL里,like'XXX%可以用到索引,但like '%XXX%'却不行,比如,以下这个案例:
查看测试表行数:

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. mysql> select count(*) from test03;
  2. +----------+
  3. | count(*) |
  4. +----------+
  5. | 117584 |
  6. +----------+
两次like匹配对比:

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  1. mysql> explain select count(*) from test03 where username like '1%';
  2. +----+-------------+--------+-------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+------+-------+--------------------------+
  3. | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
  4. +----+-------------+--------+-------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+------+-------+--------------------------+
  5. | 1 | SIMPLE | test03 | range | idx_test03_name | idx_test03_name | 302 | NULL | 58250 | Using where; Using index |
  6. +----+-------------+--------+-------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+------+-------+--------------------------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.03 sec)

  8. mysql> explain select count(*) from test03 where username like '%1%';
  9. +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+-----------------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+
  10. | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
  11. +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+-----------------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+
  12. | 1 | SIMPLE | test03| index | NULL | idx_test03_name | 302 | NULL | 116500 | Using where; Using index |
  13. +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+-----------------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+
  14. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
优化思路:
这个测试表中,id是主键,叶子节点上保存了数据,从索引中就可以去到select的的id的列,不必读取数据行(只有select字段正好就是索引,那么就用到了覆盖索引),通过覆盖索引,减少I/O,提高性能。
优化之前的执行计划:

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  1. mysql> explain select count(*) from test03 where username like '%1%';
  2. +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
  3. | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
  4. +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
  5. | 1 | SIMPLE | test03 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7164 | Using where |
  6. +----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
优化之后的执行计划:

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  1. mysql> explain select count(*) from test03 a join (select id from test03 where username like '%1%') b on a.id=b.id;
  2. +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
  3. | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
  4. +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
  5. | 1 | PRIMAR | <derived2> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7164 | NULL |
  6. | 1 | PRIMARY | a | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | b.id | 1 | Using index |
  7. | 2 | DERIVED | test03 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7164 | Using where |
  8. +----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+

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