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Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析

发表于:2025-01-16 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月16日,本文小编为大家详细介绍"Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析",内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇"Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析"文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月16日Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析

本文小编为大家详细介绍"Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析",内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇"Java异步任务计算FutureTask源码分析"文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来学习新知识吧。

了解一下什么是FutureTask?

FutureTask 是一个可取消的异步计算。

FutureTask提供了对Future的基本实现,可以调用方法去开始和取消一个计算,可以查询计算是否完成,并且获取计算结果。

FutureTask只能在计算完成后获取到计算结果,一旦计算完成,将不能重启或者取消,除非调用runAndReset方法。

FutureTask除了实现了Future接口以外,还实现了Runnable接口,因此FutureTask是可以交由线程池的Executor执行,也可以直接使用一个异步线程调用执行(futureTask.run())。

FutureTask 是如何实现的呢?

首先,我们看一下FutureTask类的继承结构,如下图,它实现的是RunnableFuture接口,而RunnableFuture继承自Future和函数式接口Runnable,所以说FutureTask本质就是一个可运行的Future。

Future 接口约定了一些异步计算类必须要实现的功能,源码如下:

package java.util.concurrent;public interface Future {    /**     * 尝试取消任务的执行,并返回取消结果。     * 参数mayInterruptIfRunning:是否中断线程。     */    boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);    /**     * 判断任务是否被取消(正常结束之前被被取消返回true)     */    boolean isCancelled();    /**     * 判断当前任务是否执行完毕,包括正常执行完毕、执行异常或者任务取消。     */    boolean isDone();    /**     * 获取任务执行结果,任务结束之前会阻塞。     */    V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;    /**     * 在指定时间内尝试获取执行结果。若超时则抛出超时异常TimeoutException     */    V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;}

Runnable 接口我们都很熟悉,他就是一个函数式接口,我们常用其创建一个线程。

package java.lang;?@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Runnable { ? ? ? ?public abstract void run();}

FutureTask就是一个将要被执行的任务,它包含了以上接口具体的实现,FutureTask内部定义了任务的状态state和一些状态的常量,它的内部核心是一个Callable callable,我们通过构造函数可以传入callable或者是runnable,最后都会内部转为callable,因为我们需要获取异步任务的执行结果,只有通过Callable创建的线程才会返回结果。

我们可以通过此时的状态判断Future中isCancelled()isDone()的返回结果。

以下为FutureTask源码,内含核心源码分析注释

package java.util.concurrent;import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;public class FutureTask implements RunnableFuture {    /**     * 任务的运行状态     */    private volatile int state;    private static final int NEW          = 0; // 新建    private static final int COMPLETING   = 1; // 完成    private static final int NORMAL       = 2; // 正常    private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3; // 异常    private static final int CANCELLED    = 4; // 取消    private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5; // 中断中    private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6; // 中断的    private Callable callable;    /**    * 返回结果    */    private Object outcome;     private volatile Thread runner;    private volatile WaitNode waiters;    ...    public FutureTask(Callable callable) {        if (callable == null)            throw new NullPointerException();        this.callable = callable;        this.state = NEW;           }    public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {        this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);        this.state = NEW;           }    public boolean isCancelled() {        return state >= CANCELLED;    }    public boolean isDone() {        return state != NEW;    }    /*     * 取消任务实现     *   如果任务还没有启动就调用了cancel(true),任务将永远不会被执行。     *   如果任务已经启动,参数mayInterruptIfRunning将决定任务是否应该中断执行该任务的线程,以尝试中断该任务。     *   如果任务任务已经取消、已经完成或者其他原因不能取消,尝试将失败。     */    public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {        if (!(state == NEW &&              UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW,                  mayInterruptIfRunning ? INTERRUPTING : CANCELLED)))            return false;        try {    // in case call to interrupt throws exception            if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {                try {                    Thread t = runner;                    if (t != null)                        t.interrupt();                } finally { // final state                    UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED);                }            }        } finally {            finishCompletion();        }        return true;    }        /*     * 等待获取结果     *   获取当前状态,判断是否执行完成。并且判断时间是否超时     *   如果任务没有执行完成,就阻塞等待完成,若超时抛出超时等待异常。     */    public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {        int s = state;        if (s <= COMPLETING)            s = awaitDone(false, 0L);        return report(s);    }  /*     * 等待获取结果     *   获取当前状态,判断是否执行完成。     *   如果任务没有执行完成,就阻塞等待完成。     */    public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {        if (unit == null)            throw new NullPointerException();        int s = state;        if (s <= COMPLETING &&            (s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)            throw new TimeoutException();        return report(s);    }    /**     * 根据状态判断返回结果还是异常     */    private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {        Object x = outcome;        if (s == NORMAL)            return (V)x;        if (s >= CANCELLED)            throw new CancellationException();        throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);    }    protected void done() { }    /**     * 设置结果借助CAS确认状态是否完成状态     */    protected void set(V v) {        if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {            outcome = v;            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state            finishCompletion();        }    }    /**     * 设置异常,当运行完成出现异常,设置异常状态     */    protected void setException(Throwable t) {        if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {            outcome = t;            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state            finishCompletion();        }    }    /*     * 执行callable获取结果,或者异常     *   判断状态是不是启动过的,如果是新建才可以执行run方法     */    public void run() {        if (state != NEW ||            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))            return;        try {            Callable c = callable;            if (c != null && state == NEW) {                V result;                boolean ran;                try {                    result = c.call();                    ran = true;                } catch (Throwable ex) {                    result = null;                    ran = false;                    setException(ex);                }                if (ran)                    set(result);            }        } finally {            runner = null;            int s = state;            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);        }    }    /**     * 重新执行     */    protected boolean runAndReset() {        if (state != NEW ||            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))            return false;        boolean ran = false;        int s = state;        try {            Callable c = callable;            if (c != null && s == NEW) {                try {                    c.call(); // don't set result                    ran = true;                } catch (Throwable ex) {                    setException(ex);                }            }        } finally {            runner = null;            s = state;            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);        }        return ran && s == NEW;    }    /*     * 处理可能取消的中断     */    private void handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(int s) {        if (s == INTERRUPTING)            while (state == INTERRUPTING)                Thread.yield();     }    static final class WaitNode {        volatile Thread thread;        volatile WaitNode next;        WaitNode() { thread = Thread.currentThread(); }    }    /**     * 移除并唤醒所有等待线程,执行done,置空callable     */    private void finishCompletion() {        // assert state > COMPLETING;        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {                for (;;) {                    Thread t = q.thread;                    if (t != null) {                        q.thread = null;                        LockSupport.unpark(t);                    }                    WaitNode next = q.next;                    if (next == null)                        break;                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc                    q = next;                }                break;            }        }        done();        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint    }    /**     * 等待完成     * 首先判断是否超时     * 处理中断的,然后处理异常状态的,处理完成的...     */    private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)        throws InterruptedException {        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;        WaitNode q = null;        boolean queued = false;        for (;;) {            if (Thread.interrupted()) {                removeWaiter(q);                throw new InterruptedException();            }            int s = state;            if (s > COMPLETING) {                if (q != null)                    q.thread = null;                return s;            }            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet                Thread.yield();            else if (q == null)                q = new WaitNode();            else if (!queued)                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,                                                     q.next = waiters, q);            else if (timed) {                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();                if (nanos <= 0L) {                    removeWaiter(q);                    return state;                }                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);            }            else                LockSupport.park(this);        }    }    /**     * 去除等待     */    private void removeWaiter(WaitNode node) {        if (node != null) {            node.thread = null;            retry:            for (;;) {          // restart on removeWaiter race                for (WaitNode pred = null, q = waiters, s; q != null; q = s) {                    s = q.next;                    if (q.thread != null)                        pred = q;                    else if (pred != null) {                        pred.next = s;                        if (pred.thread == null) // check for race                            continue retry;                    }                    else if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,                                                          q, s))                        continue retry;                }                break;            }        }    }    // Unsafe mechanics    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;    private static final long stateOffset;    private static final long runnerOffset;    private static final long waitersOffset;    static {        try {            UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();            Class k = FutureTask.class;            stateOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset                (k.getDeclaredField("state"));            runnerOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset                (k.getDeclaredField("runner"));            waitersOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset                (k.getDeclaredField("waiters"));        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new Error(e);        }    }}

FutureTask 运行流程

一般来说,我们可以认为FutureTask具有以下三种状态:

未启动:新建的FutureTask,在run()没执行之前,FutureTask处于未启动状态。

private static final int NEW          = 0; // 新建

已启动FutureTask对象的run方法启动并执行的过程中,FutureTask处于已启动状态。

已完成:FutureTask正常执行结束,或者FutureTask执行被取消(FutureTask对象cancel方法),或者FutureTask对象run方法执行抛出异常而导致中断而结束,FutureTask都处于已完成状态。

private static final int COMPLETING   = 1; // 完成private static final int NORMAL       = 2; // 完成后正常设置结果private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3; // 完成后异常设置异常private static final int CANCELLED    = 4; // 执行取消private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5; // 中断中private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6; // 中断的

FutureTask 的使用

使用一(直接新建一个线程调用):

FutureTask task = new FutureTask<>(new Callable() {        @Override    public Integer call() throws Exception {            return sum();    }});new Thread(task).stat();Integer result = task.get();

使用二(结合线程池使用)

FutureTask task = new FutureTask<>(new Callable() {        @Override    public Integer call() throws Exception {            return sum();    }});Executors.newCachedThreadPool().submit(task);Integer result = task.get();

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