Oracle RAC之环境准备的示例分析

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本次安装选择VMmare Workstation 10.0.1 ，创建四台虚拟机。如下：

Openfiler （openfileresa-2.99.1-x86_64）

RAC节点 （OracleLinux-R6-U4-Server-x86_64）

1. 三台机器都配置/etc/hosts，内容如下

#node1192.168.199.10    11grac1.localdomain.com               11grac1192.168.199.20    11grac1-vip.localdomain.com           11grac1-vip192.168.10.10     11grac1-priv.localdomain.com          11grac1-priv#node2192.168.199.11    11grac2.localdomain.com               11grac2192.168.199.21    11grac2-vip.localdomain.com           11grac2-vip192.168.10.11     11grac2-priv.localdomain.com          11grac2-priv#node3192.168.199.12    11grac3.localdomain.com               11grac3192.168.199.22    11grac3-vip.localdomain.com           11grac3-vip192.168.10.12     11grac3-priv.localdomain.com          11grac3-priv#scanip192.168.199.30    scan-cluster.localdomain.com          scan-cluster

2.三台机器都关闭防火墙

chkconfig iptables offservice iptables stop

3.关闭SeLinux

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinuxSELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled

4.配置DNS服务器（在11grac3服务器上）

4.1 安装rpm包

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.0.2.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.0.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYPreparing...                ########################################### [100%]   1:bind                   ########################################### [100%]

4.2 编辑/etc/named.conf,替换成如下内容

options {     directory      "/var/named";};zone "." IN {     type hint;     file "named.ca";};zone "localhost" IN {        type master;        file "named.loopback";};zone "0.0.127.in-addr.apra" IN {        type master;        file "named.localhost";};zone "localdomain.com" IN {       type master;       file "localdomain.com.zone";};

4.3 在/var/named/目录下，新建localdomain.com.zone文件，内容如下

$TTL 1D$ORIGIN localdomain.com.@     IN SOA     ns.localdomain.com.    admin (                         0     ; serial                         1D     ; refresh                         1H     ; retry                         1W     ; expire                         3H )     ; minimum                     IN         NS     nsns                   IN         A       172.168.199.1211grac3              IN         A       192.168.199.1211grac1              IN         A       192.168.199.1011grac2              IN         A       192.168.199.11scan-cluster         IN         A       192.168.199.30

4.4 启动DNS服务器

[root@11grac3 etc]# chkconfig named on[root@localhost named]# service named restartStopping named:                                            [  OK  ]Starting named:                                            [  OK  ]

如果发生了错误，尝试执行如下命令试试

[root@localhost named]# rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom -awrote key file "/etc/rndc.key"

4.5 修改各服务器dns指向

[root@localhost named]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

添加如下内容

search localdomain.comnameserver 192.168.199.12

注意：这样设置完DNS后，网络重启后就失效啦。使用如下方法

 vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0  #添加如下两行 DNS1=192.168.199.12 DOMAIN=localdomain.com

重启网络，/etc/resolv.conf中将自动完成DNS的设置。

4.6 验证dns

[root@localhost named]# nslookup 11grac1Server:         192.168.199.12Address:        192.168.199.12#53Name:   11grac1.localdomain.comAddress: 192.168.199.10[root@localhost named]# nslookup 11grac2Server:         192.168.199.12Address:        192.168.199.12#53Name:   11grac2.localdomain.comAddress: 192.168.199.11[root@localhost named]# nslookup 11grac3Server:         192.168.199.12Address:        192.168.199.12#53Name:   11grac3.localdomain.comAddress: 192.168.199.12[root@localhost named]# nslookup scan-clusterServer:         192.168.199.12Address:        192.168.199.12#53Name:   scan-cluster.localdomain.comAddress: 192.168.199.30

5. 建立用户、建立目录、修改参数文件等 （脚本见附件）

[root@localhost scripts]# ./1preusers.sh [root@localhost scripts]# ./2predir.sh [root@localhost scripts]# ./3prelimits.sh [root@localhost scripts]# ./4prelogin.sh [root@localhost scripts]# ./5preprofile.sh [root@localhost scripts]# ./6presysctl.sh

6. 建立grid、oracle用户的无密码登录

6.1 在三台机器上都执行如下命令

[root@11grac1 scripts]# su - oracle11grac1-> ssh-keygen -t rsa #后面都直接回车Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/home/oracle/.ssh'.Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:31:43:2d:7e:30:bb:c9:d9:d9:8a:01:a2:51:bc:8b:2d oracle@11grac1.localdomain.comThe key's randomart p_w_picpath is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|   .    ..       ||    o  .+ .      ||   . . .+=       ||  . o . o+.      ||   = o oS* o     ||  E o   * o .    ||   .     o .     ||        . .      ||                 |+-----------------+

6.2 在三台机器上执行如下命令

11grac1-> ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 11grac1The authenticity of host '11grac1 (192.168.199.10)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is cc:d0:c3:de:37:33:a7:cb:91:40:c5:5f:18:07:06:9f.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '11grac1,192.168.199.10' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.oracle@11grac1's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '11grac1'", and check in:  .ssh/authorized_keysto make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.11grac2-> ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 11grac1    The authenticity of host '11grac1 (192.168.199.10)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is cc:d0:c3:de:37:33:a7:cb:91:40:c5:5f:18:07:06:9f.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '11grac1,192.168.199.10' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.oracle@11grac1's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '11grac1'", and check in:  .ssh/authorized_keysto make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.11grac3-> ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 11grac1The authenticity of host '11grac1 (192.168.199.10)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is cc:d0:c3:de:37:33:a7:cb:91:40:c5:5f:18:07:06:9f.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '11grac1,192.168.199.10' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.oracle@11grac1's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '11grac1'", and check in:  .ssh/authorized_keysto make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

6.3 以上命令会在11grac1的/home/oracle/.ssh目录下生成authorized_keys，将该文件copy到其他两机器上

11grac1-> scp authorized_keys 11grac2:/home/oracle/.ssh/11grac1-> scp authorized_keys 11grac3:/home/oracle/.ssh/

6.4 重复6.1~6.3步骤，生成grid用户的无密码验证。

7. 验证各节点必须直接是否能无密码登录

   ssh 11grac1 date   ssh 11grac2 date   ssh 11grac3 date   ssh 11grac3-priv date   ssh 11grac2-priv date   ssh 11grac1-priv date   ssh 11grac1.localdomain.com date   ssh 11grac2.localdomain.com date   ssh 11grac3.localdomain.com date   ssh 11grac3-priv.localdomain.com date   ssh 11grac2-priv.localdomain.com date   ssh 11grac1-priv.localdomain.com date

8. 挂载iscsi硬盘（每台机器上都执行）

8.1 查找iscsi硬盘

[root@11grac1 scripts]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.199.219192.168.199.219:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:fast_recover_area01192.168.199.219:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_oradata01192.168.199.219:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk03192.168.199.219:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk02192.168.199.219:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk01

8.2 设置开机自动挂载iscsi盘

iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_oradata01 -p 192.168.199.219 --op update -n node.startup -v automaticiscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:fast_recover_area01 -p 192.168.199.219 --op update -n node.startup -v automaticiscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk01 -p 192.168.199.219 --op update -n node.startup -v automaticiscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk02 -p 192.168.199.219 --op update -n node.startup -v automaticiscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk03 -p 192.168.199.219 --op update -n node.startup -v automatic

9.创建asm磁盘

9.1 安装oracleasm-support、oracleasmlib （三台机器都执行）

注：因oracle linux已经将oracleasm内置到内核中了，所以无需安装oracleasm的rpm包。如果使用非oracle Linux操作系统。请按装kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm 包。

[root@11grac2 /]# rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYPreparing...                ########################################### [100%]   1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [100%][root@11grac2 /]# rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYPreparing...                ########################################### [100%]   1:oracleasmlib           ########################################### [100%]

[root@11grac1 Packages]# oracleasm configure -iConfiguring the Oracle ASM library driver.This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM librarydriver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver isloaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current valueswill be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting  without typing ananswer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.Default user to own the driver interface []: gridDefault group to own the driver interface []: asmdbaStart Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: yScan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: yWriting Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

9.2 将磁盘分区（只需单节点执行）

9.3 创建asm磁盘

[root@11grac1 ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path/ip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:fast_recover_area01-lun-0 -> ../../sdeip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:fast_recover_area01-lun-0-part1 -> ../../sde1ip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk01-lun-0 -> ../../sdbip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk01-lun-0-part1 -> ../../sdb1ip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk02-lun-0 -> ../../sddip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk02-lun-0-part1 -> ../../sdd1ip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk03-lun-0 -> ../../sdcip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_ocrdisk03-lun-0-part1 -> ../../sdc1ip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_oradata01-lun-0 -> ../../sdfip-192.168.199.219:3260-iscsi-iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:rac_oradata01-lun-0-part1 -> ../../sdf1

注意以上iscsi磁盘与/dev/sd*的对应关系。

[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk oradata /dev/sdf1 Writing disk header: doneInstantiating disk: done[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk fra /dev/sde1 Writing disk header: doneInstantiating disk: done[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ocr01 /dev/sdb1 Writing disk header: doneInstantiating disk: done[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ocr02 /dev/sdd1 Writing disk header: doneInstantiating disk: done[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ocr03 /dev/sdc1

查看磁盘

[root@11grac1 ~]# oracleasm listdisksFRAOCR01OCR02OCR03ORADATA[root@11grac1 ~]#

在另外两台机器上执行磁盘扫描操作

[root@11grac3 ~]# oracleasm scandisksReloading disk partitions: doneCleaning any stale ASM disks...Scanning system for ASM disks...Instantiating disk "OCR01"Instantiating disk "OCR03"Instantiating disk "OCR02"Instantiating disk "FRA"Instantiating disk "ORADATA"

10. 禁用ntp时间同步服务

因为11g Clusterware中已经提供了时间同步服务，所以需要禁用ntp服务。

[root@11grac3 ~]# cd /etc/[root@11grac3 etc]# mv ntp.conf ntp.conf.bak

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