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nginx反向代理概述及部署

发表于：2025-01-22 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日，下文给大家带来nginx反向代理概述及部署，希望能够给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助，负载均衡涉及的东西比较多，理论也不多，网上有很多书籍，今天我们就用在行业内累计的经验来做一个解答。1.反向代理概述

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日nginx反向代理概述及部署

下文给大家带来nginx反向代理概述及部署，希望能够给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助，负载均衡涉及的东西比较多，理论也不多，网上有很多书籍，今天我们就用在行业内累计的经验来做一个解答。

1.反向代理概述

反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理云服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个反向代理服务器。

环境准备:

主机名	IP地址	角色	系统
web-node1.com	eth0:192.168.90.201	web-node1节点	CentOS7.2
web-node2.com	eth0:192.168.90.202	web-node2节点	CentOS7.2
lb-node1.com	eth0:192.168.90.203	Nginx反向代理	CentOS7.2

2.Node节点部署

在两台web-node节点中均使用Yum安装一个Apache用于做真实机，监听8080端口

web-node1.com部署

[root@web-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y gcc glibc gcc-c++ make screen tree lrzsz##部署web-node1 httpd服务[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y httpd[root@web-node1 ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf[root@web-node1 ~]# systemctl start httpd[root@web-node1 ~]# echo "web-node1.com" > /var/www/html/index.html[root@web-node1 ~]# curl  http://192.168.90.201:8080/web-node1.com

web-node2.com部署

[root@web-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y gcc glibc gcc-c++ make screen tree lrzsz##部署web-node2 httpd服务[root@web-node1 ~]# yum install -y httpd[root@web-node1 ~]# sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf[root@web-node1 ~]# systemctl start httpd[root@web-node1 ~]# echo "web-node2.com" > /var/www/html/index.html[root@web-node1 ~]# curl  http://192.168.90.202:8080/web-node2.com

3.反向代理部署

Nginx 源码编译安装，使其支持4层，并监听80端口

[root@lb-node1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
[root@lb-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@lb-node1 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
[root@lb-node1 src]# tar xf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
[root@lb-node1 src]# cd nginx-1.10.2
[root@lb-node1 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.10.2 \
--user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-stream
[root@lb-node1 nginx-1.10.2]# make && make install
[root@web-node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.10.2/ /usr/local/nginx
## 测试配置并启动Nginx
[root@lb-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx-1.10.2/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb-node1 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

3.1配置Nginx7层反向代理

1.配置Nginx反向代理

##http段配置
upstream web-cluster {
# ip_hash;
server 192.168.90.201:8080 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3;
server 192.168.90.202:8080 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.90.203;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web-cluster;
include proxy.conf;
}
}

测试代理

[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node1.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node2.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node1.com
[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.90.203/
web-node2.com

2.通过分组方式，以及User-agent实现不同代理

#http段配置
upstream static-cluster {
server 192.168.90.201:8080 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3;
}
upstream dynamic-cluster {
server 192.168.90.202:8080 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3;
}
upstream default-cluster {
server 192.168.90.202:8080 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3;
}

  #需要配置本地host解析测试        server {                listen 80;                server_name nginx.jiege.com;        location / {        if ($http_user_agent ~* "Firefox"){                    proxy_pass http://static-cluster;                    }        if ($http_user_agent ~* "Chrome") {            proxy_pass http://dynamic-cluster;            }        proxy_pass http://default-cluster;            }     }

测试分组

##默认浏览器交给default处理[root@lb-node1 ~]# curl http://nginx.jiege.com web-node2.com 火狐浏览器交给static-cluster处理 谷歌浏览器交给dynamic-cluster处理   配置ssh以及msql反向代理

stream {        upstream ssh_proxy {        hash $remote_addr consistent;        server 192.168.90.201:22;    }        upstream mysql_proxy {        hash $remote_addr consistent;        server 192.168.90.202:3306;        }    server {    listen 2222;    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;        proxy_timeout 300s;        proxy_pass ssh_proxy;    }    server {    listen 3333;    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;        proxy_timeout 300s;        proxy_pass mysql_proxy;        }  }

2222端口代理至于node1的SSH、3333端口代理至于node2的MYSQL

## 测试连接ssh
[root@lb-node1 ~]# ssh -p2222 root@192.168.90.203
root@192.168.90.203's password:
Last login: Wed Oct 19 11:53:04 2016 from 192.168.80.143
[root@web-node1 ~]#
## 测试连接mysql
[root@lb-node1 ~]# mysql -h392.168.90.203 -uroot -p1 -P3333
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 273
Server version: 5.5.47-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>