nginx怎么实现动静分离

今天小编给大家分享一下nginx怎么实现动静分离的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。

一、简单配置nginx的动静分离

假设web1为静态服务器，web2为动态服务器，node2做代理

1.1 根据目录分开

web1只处理静态请求

[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz[root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/[root@web1 image]# rz[root@web1 image]# ll-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  documentroot "/var/www/www"[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

web2只处理动态请求

[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  documentroot "/var/www/www"[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

访问测试

http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png

http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html

1.2 通过请求分离

配置代理

[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.confworker_processes 1;events {  worker_connections 1024;}http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream stack_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;}upstream dynamic_pools {    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {      root  html;      index index.html index.htm;      proxy_set_header host $host;      proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;    }    location /image/ {      proxy_set_header host $host;    proxy_pass http://stack_pools;    }    location /dynamic/ {      proxy_set_header host $host;    proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;    }  }}[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload

配置hosts ，浏览器访问测试

172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com

http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png

http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/

1.3 根据扩展名分离

[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.confworker_processes 1;events {  worker_connections 1024;}http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream stack_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;}upstream dynamic_pools {    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {      root  html;      index index.html index.htm;      proxy_set_header host $host;      proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;    }    location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ {    proxy_set_header host $host;    proxy_pass http://stack_pools;    }  }}[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload

http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png

1.4 根据客户端标识进行分离

http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream stack_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;}upstream dynamic_pools {    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {        if ($http_user_agent ~* "msie")        {            proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;        }        if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox")        {            proxy_pass http://stack_pools;        }    }    proxy_set_header host $host;    }}[root@web1 image]# echo stack_web>> /var/www/www/test.html[root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web>>/var/www/www/test.html[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

分别使用ie和火狐浏览器访问

http://www.lbtest.com/test.html

1.5 使用客户端的pc和移动分离

http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream stack_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;}upstream dynamic_pools {    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {        if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone")        {            proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;        }        if ($http_user_agent ~* "android")        {            proxy_pass http://stack_pools;        }    }    proxy_set_header host $host;    }}

分别使用安卓和iphone访问测试

http://www.lbtest.com/test.html

二 、优化

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384net.core.somaxconn = 16384net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364

[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p

简单介绍keepalive和nginx

配置keepalived实现nginx负载均衡的高可用

keepalive更适合于见得ip漂移，如果资源服务有控制，heartbeat更适合，比如存储方向的高可用

三、 nginx反向代理的健康检查

nginx做反向代理的时候，当后端就的服务器出现宕机的时候，ngixn不能把这台realserver剔除upstream的，所以还会把请求转发到后端的这台realserve上，虽然nginx可以在localtion中启用proxy_next_upstream来解决返回给客户的错误页面，但这个还会会把请求转发转给这台服务器，然后再转发别的服务器，这样就浪费了一次转发，借助淘宝团队开发的nginx模块nginx_upstream_check_module来检测后方的realserver的健康状态，如果后端服务器不可用，则所有的请求不转发到这台服务器

check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;

3.1 直接添加到配置文件

[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

worker_processes 1;events {  worker_connections 1024;}http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream web_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;#    server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {      # root  html;      # index index.html index.htm;      proxy_set_header host $host;      proxy_pass http://web_pools;    }  }}

[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

检查失败

下载nginx的模块https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module，使用nginx打上模块的安装，当做nginx的升级

3.2 下载模块

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   0 apr 13 00:57 changes-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  7921 apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8330 apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8060 apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8054 apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  5483 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  7130 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  7094 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6791 apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8295 apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8346 apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  8509 apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6943 apr 13 00:57 check.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  749 apr 13 00:57 configdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   43 apr 13 00:57 doc-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1709 apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patchdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   29 apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  529 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2848 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 apr 13 00:57 readmedrwxr-xr-x. 6 root root   79 apr 13 00:57 test-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3342 apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patchdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   81 apr 13 00:57 util

3.3 打补丁

[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch

注：因nginx版本更新，1.12以上版本的nginx，补丁为check_1.11.5+.patch

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch

patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.cpatching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.cpatching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.cpatching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.cpatching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h

3.4 编译安装

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \> --user=nginx --group=nginx \> --with-http_ssl_module \> --with-http_realip_module \> --with-http_addition_module \> --with-http_gzip_static_module \> --with-http_stub_status_module \> --with-http_sub_module \> --with-pcre \> --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module

出现一个新的目录 为objs

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root  root   187 apr 13 01:04 objs

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# make

sed -e "s|%%prefix%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \  -e "s|%%pid_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \  -e "s|%%conf_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \  -e "s|%%error_log_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \  < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8make[1]: leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll objs/

drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root   41 apr 13 01:04 addon-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  16895 apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  42396 apr 13 01:04 makefile-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 apr 13 01:06 nginx  #nginx新的可执行文件-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  5341 apr 13 01:06 nginx.8-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  7202 apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   657 apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6412 apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  87120 apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.odrwxr-xr-x. 9 root root   91 apr 3 22:38 src

备份就得ngxin，并拷贝新的nginx

[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/[root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak[root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed

[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx

id: nginx: no such user

[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx

uid=1002(nginx) gid=1002(nginx) groups=1002(nginx)

[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

成功安装

3.5 配置

worker_processes 1;events {  worker_connections 1024;}http {  include    mime.types;  default_type application/octet-stream;  sendfile    on;  keepalive_timeout 65;upstream web_pools {    server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;    server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;#    server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;}  server {    listen    80;    server_name www.lbtest.com;    location / {      proxy_set_header host $host;      proxy_pass http://web_pools;    }    location /nstatus{    check_status;    access_log off;    }  }}

[root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload

3.6 访问测试

两个状态正常

关掉一个

[root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd

关掉两个

[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd

开启一个

[root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd

[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

成功实现后端检查功能

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