实现Web服务器之间使用同一个MYSQL和相同的网页配置文件的方法

负载均衡（Cloud Load Balancer）是对多台云服务器进行流量分发的服务。负载均衡可以通过流量分发扩展应用系统对外的服务能力，通过消除单点故障提升应用系统的可用性。负载均衡服务通过设置虚拟服务地址（VIP），将位于同一地域的多台云服务器资源虚拟成一个高性能、高可用的应用服务池。根据应用指定的方式，将来自客户端的网络请求分发到云服务器池中。负载均衡服务会检查云服务器池中云服务器实例的健康状态，自动隔离异常状态的实例，从而解决了云服务器的单点问题，同时提高了应用的整体服务能力。今天给大家介绍下实现Web服务器之间使用同一个MYSQL和相同的网页配置文件的方法

前言：

用NFS、LAMP、BIND结合的方法，应对网络中访问量增大而导致云服务器负载运行的情况。以实现Web服务器之间使用同一个MYSQL和相同的网页配置文件。

实验环境：

实验拓扑：

实验步骤：

一、搭建NFS

以下操作在nfs.preferred.com服务器上实现

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y    <---这里需要安装nfs这个包(基本的NFS命令与监控程序)[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep nfs-utils --color    nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.el6.x86_64

创建共享目录并配置nfs文件

[root@localhost~]# mkdir /mydata[root@localhost~]# mkdir /webdata[root@localhost~]# cd /webdata/[root@localhost webdata]# unzip wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip &> /dev/null[root@localhost webdata]# chmod -R 777 wordpress[root@localhost webdata]# ls -l drwxrwxrwx 5 root root    4096 Oct 11  2016 wordpress-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4372680 Oct 11  2016 wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip[root@localhost webdata]# vim /etc/exports /mydata         192.168.1.4(rw,no_root_squash)/webdata        192.168.1.2(rw,no_root_squash) 192.168.1.3(rw,no_root_squash)[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start   注：rpcbind是一个RPC服务，主要是在nfs共享的时候负责通知客户端、服务器nfs端口号。 [root@localhost ~]# service nfs start Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]Starting RPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ][root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.6    <---查看当前共享的目录Export list for 192.168.1.6:/webdata 192.168.1.3,192.168.1.2/mydata  192.168.1.4

二、搭建DNS

以下操作在ns.preferred.com服务器上实现

[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind -y | tail -n 5  Installed:  bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.1                                         Complete![root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones     <---添加zone(正向与反向的)zone "preferred.com" IN {        type master;        file "preferred.com.zone";};zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {        type master;        file "192.168.1.5.zone";};[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/preferred.com.zone     <---配置DNS正向区域解析$TTL 86400$ORIGIN preferred.com.@       IN      SOA     ns.preferred.com admin.preferred.com (                        2016101001                        1D                        5M                        7D                        1D )        IN      NS      nsns      IN      A       192.168.1.5www     IN      A       192.168.1.2www     IN      A       192.168.1.3nfs     IN      A       192.168.1.6[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/192.168.1.5.zone     <---配置DNS反向区域解析$TTL 86400@       IN      SOA     ns.preferred.com. admin.preferred.com (                        2016101001                        1H                        5M                        7D                        1D )        IN      NS      ns.preferred.com.5       IN      PTR     ns.preferred.com.2       IN      PTR     www.preferred.com.3       IN      PTR     www.preferred.com.6       IN      PTR     nfs.preferred.com.[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart named [root@localhost ~]# dig -t A www.preferred.com @192.168.1.5    <---测试DNS能否正向解析; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.4 <<>> -t A www.preferred.com @192.168.1.5;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23764;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.preferred.com.             IN      A;; ANSWER SECTION:www.preferred.com.      86400   IN      A       192.168.1.2www.preferred.com.      86400   IN      A       192.168.1.3;; AUTHORITY SECTION:preferred.com.          86400   IN      NS      ns.preferred.com.;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns.preferred.com.       86400   IN      A       192.168.1.5;; Query time: 0 msec;; SERVER: 192.168.1.5#53(192.168.1.5);; WHEN: Tue Oct 11 04:22:36 EDT 2016;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 111[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 192.168.1.2 @192.168.1.5    <---测试DNS能否反向解析; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.4 <<>> -x 192.168.1.2 @192.168.1.5;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21950;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096;; QUESTION SECTION:;2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.      IN      PTR;; ANSWER SECTION:2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400    IN      PTR     www.preferred.com.;; AUTHORITY SECTION:1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN      NS      ns.preferred.com.;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns.preferred.com.       86400   IN      A       192.168.1.5;; Query time: 0 msec;; SERVER: 192.168.1.5#53(192.168.1.5);; WHEN: Tue Oct 11 04:23:57 EDT 2016;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 117

三、搭建MYSQL

以下操作在mysql.preferred.com服务器上实现

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mydata/[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.6:/mydata/ /mydata/    <---挂载共享目录[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r mysql    <---创建mysql组和用户[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@localhost local]# ln -sv /root/mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64 mysql"mysql" -> "/root/mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64"[root@localhost local]# cd mysql/[root@localhost mysql]# ls bin      COPYING.LESSER  EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT  INSTALL-BINARY  man         README   share      support-filesCOPYING  data            include            lib             mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/    <---初始化数据库Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata' ...161010 13:33:59 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-MariaDB) starting as process 2183 ...OKFilling help tables...161010 13:33:59 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-MariaDB) starting as process 2191 ...OK...[root@localhost mysql]# ls /mydata/    <--查看初始后生成的数据aria_log.00000001  aria_log_control  mysql  performance_schema  test[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /etc/mysql/[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf    <---修改配置文件，添加以下三行datadir = /mydatainnodb_file_per_table = onskip_name_resolve = on[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL...                                          [确定][root@localhost mysql]# ss -tnl | grep 3306    <---服务端口已经开启LISTEN     0      50                        *:3306                     *:*                       *:*     [root@localhost mysql]# mysql-bash: mysql: command not found注：尝试登陆MYSQL却报错，不要紧张。这是因为/usr/local/bin目录下确实mysql导致，只需要建立一个软连接即可解决。[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/"/usr/bin/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql"[root@localhost ~]# mysql    <---连接数据库创建用户密码与授权Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 115Server version: 5.5.43-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE pre;Query OK, 1 rows affected (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON pre.* TO 'jds'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'redhat';    <---创建用户并赋予权限Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

四、搭建WEB

以下操作在www.preferred.com(192.168.1.2)服务器上实现

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd php-mysql php -y | tail -n 10 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYImporting GPG key 0xC105B9DE: Userid: CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key)  Package: centos-release-6-5.el6.centos.11.1.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5) From: /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6  php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8    php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8        php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.3.3-48.el6_8      Updated:  httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos                                           Dependency Updated:  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos                                     Complete![root@localhost ~]# mkdir /webdata[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    <---添加以下几行ServerName www.preferred.com:80        ServerName www.preferred.com        DocumentRoot /webdata/wordpress[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.6:/webdata /webdata[root@localhost ~]# ls /webdata/wordpress  wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

接下来安装wordpress，没有的话可以自己去下载一个https://wordpress.org/download/

[root@localhost ~]# cd /webdata/wordpress[root@localhost wordpress]# ls index.php        wp-app.php            wp-config.php         wp-includes        wp-pass.php      wp-settings.phplicense.txt      wp-atom.php           wp-config-sample.php  wp-links-opml.php  wp-rdf.php       wp-signup.phpreadme.html      wp-blog-header.php    wp-content            wp-load.php        wp-register.php  wp-trackback.phpwp-activate.php  wp-comments-post.php  wp-cron.php           wp-login.php       wp-rss2.php      xmlrpc.phpwp-admin         wp-commentsrss2.php   wp-feed.php           wp-mail.php        wp-rss.php[root@localhost wordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php    <---这是一个示例配置文件，更名并配置[root@localhost wordpress]# vim wp-config.php // ** MySQL 设置 - 具体信息来自您正在使用的主机 ** ///** WordPress 数据库的名称 */define('DB_NAME', 'pre');    <---连接数据库所使用的，与刚刚在mysq中创建的一致，以下几个都是。/** MySQL 数据库用户名 */define('DB_USER', 'jds');/** MySQL 数据库密码 */define('DB_PASSWORD', 'redhat');/** MySQL 主机 */define('DB_HOST', '192.168.1.4');/** 创建数据表时默认的文字编码 */define('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8');/** 数据库整理类型。如不确定请勿更改 */define('DB_COLLATE', '');[root@localhost ~]# mysql -ujds -predhat -h 192.168.1.4    <---尝试登陆ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.1.4' (113)注：遇到这个问题怎么个人都不好了，在MYSQL服务器上取消防火墙也不行。所以尝试在MYSQL服务器的防火墙上加上端口的允许。[root@localhost ~]# iptables -L -n | grep 3306    [root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT -s 0/0 -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT[root@localhost mysql]# iptables -L -n | grep 3306ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           tcp dpt:3306 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -ujds -predhat -h 192.168.1.4    <---尝试再次登陆Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 116Server version: 5.5.43-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || pre                |    <---之前创建的数据库可以访问| test               |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

测试访问正常！！！

以下操作在www.preferred.com（192.168.1.3）服务器上实现

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd php-mysql php -y [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /webdata[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    <---添加以下几行ServerName www.preferred.com:80        ServerName www.preferred.com        DocumentRoot /webdata/wordpress[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.6:/webdata /webdata[root@localhost ~]# ls /webdata/wordpress  wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

先用WEB（192.168.1.3）进行测试。发布一条文章

用WEB(192.168.1.2)进行测试。现在访问看看

看到了在WEB(192.168.1.3)上发布的文章，我们在WEB（192.168.1.2）上也发布一篇

最后我们在WEB(192.168.1.3)上查看

至此，我们实验的目的已经达到。

如果大家还有什么地方需要了解的可以在官网找我们的专业技术工程师的，技术工程师在行业内拥有十几年的经验了，所以会比小编回答的更加详细专业。官网链接www.yisu.com