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Spring Boot中怎样使用JDBC

发表于:2025-01-26 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月26日,本篇文章为大家展示了Spring Boot中怎样使用JDBC,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。一、JDBC是什么?JDBC API 属于Java
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月26日Spring Boot中怎样使用JDBC

本篇文章为大家展示了Spring Boot中怎样使用JDBC,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

一、JDBC是什么?

JDBC API 属于Java APIJDBC用于以下几种功能:连接到数据库、执行SQL语句

二、Spring Boot中如何使用JDBC

2.1 创建 Spring Boot Project 时引入 JDBC API 依赖和 MySQL Driver依赖,以及Spring Web依赖(测试时用到)


可以在POM中找到引入的JDBC依赖和mysql依赖:
JDBC 依赖:


org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-jdbc

MySql 驱动依赖:


mysql
mysql-connector-java
runtime

2.2 配置数据库连接

新增配置文件:src/main/resources/application.yml

spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study-spring-boot?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&autoReconnect=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

注意:com.mysq.jdbc.Driver 被废弃了,需要使用com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2.3 查看使用的数据源和数据库连接

package com.jackson0714.springboot;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;


@SpringBootTest
class Springboot05DataJdbcApplicationTests {

@Autowired
DataSource dataSource; //自动配置数据源,使用yml配置

@Test
void contextLoads() throws SQLException {
System.out.println("数据源:" + dataSource.getClass());

Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println("数据库连接:" + connection);
connection.close();
}

}

默认数据源:class com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource

数据库连接:HikariProxyConnection@1335157064 wrapping com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7ff8a9dc

三、自动配置原理

自动配置文件路径:org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc

DataSourceConfiguration用来自动导入数据源(根据各种判断)

/**
* Tomcat Pool DataSource configuration.
*/
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type", havingValue = "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource",
matchIfMissing = true)
static class Tomcat {

@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.tomcat")

3.1 自动选择数据源

如果导入了org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource数据源,并且配置的spring.datasource.type配置的是org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource,或没配置type也使用tomcat数据源

3.2 HikariDataSource数据源也类似这样判断。

3.3 默认使用tomcat数据源

3.4 默认支持以下数据源

org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool、HikariDataSource、org.apache.commons.dbcp2

3.5 支持自定义数据源

使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性

    /**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {

@Bean
DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}

}

3.6 DataSourceInitializerInvoker 运行脚本

/**
* Bean to handle {@link DataSource} initialization by running {@literal schema-*.sql} on
* {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} and {@literal data-*.sql} SQL scripts on
* a {@link DataSourceSchemaCreatedEvent}.
*
* @author Stephane Nicoll
* @see DataSourceAutoConfiguration
*/
class DataSourceInitializerInvoker implements ApplicationListener, InitializingBean {
createSchema() 创建表 (文件名规则 schema-*.sql)
initSchema() 执行数据脚本 (文件名规则 data-*.sql)

getScripts() 来获取需要执行的脚本

private List getScripts(String propertyName, List resources, String fallback) {
if (resources != null) {
return getResources(propertyName, resources, true);
}
String platform = this.properties.getPlatform();
List fallbackResources = new ArrayList<>();
fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + "-" + platform + ".sql");
fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + ".sql");
return getResources(propertyName, fallbackResources, false);
}

1) fallback = "schema", platform="all",会自动执行根目录下:schema-all.sql 或schema.sql 文件

2) fallback = "data", platform="all",会自动执行根目录下:data-all.sql 或data.sql 文件

isEnabled() 方法判断是否开启了自动执行脚本

有三种模式:NEVER,EMBEDDED(默认),Always

疑问:用EMBEDDED模式返回false,开关关闭,不执行脚本,这是为啥呢?

用Always模式则每次启动spring boot重复执行脚本(创建表脚本都是先判断有没有表,有则删除后重建)

private boolean isEnabled() {
DataSourceInitializationMode mode = this.properties.getInitializationMode();
if (mode == DataSourceInitializationMode.NEVER) {
return false;
}
if (mode == DataSourceInitializationMode.EMBEDDED && !isEmbedded()) {
return false;
}
return true;
}

3.7 通过配置文件指定需要执行脚本

schema:
- classpath:department.sql

创建出的 department

四、JdbcTemplate

JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration.java 文件 自动注入了JdbcTemplate。(JdbcTemplate用来操作数据库)

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ DataSource.class, JdbcTemplate.class })
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(DataSource.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(JdbcProperties.class)
@Import({ JdbcTemplateConfiguration.class, NamedParameterJdbcTemplateConfiguration.class })
public class JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration {

}

五、配置Swagger用来测试

5.1 pom.xml文件 添加swagger依赖



io.springfox
springfox-swagger2
2.9.2


io.springfox
springfox-swagger-ui
2.9.2

5.2 添加SwaggerConfig.java文件

package com.jackson0714.springboot.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {

@Bean
public Docket createRestApi(){
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).apiInfo(apiInfo())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.any())
.paths(PathSelectors.any()).build();
}

private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("玩转Spring Boot 接口文档")
.description("This is a restful api document of Spring Boot.")
.version("1.0")
.build();
}

}

5.3 访问Swagger文档

http://localhost:8081/swagger-ui.html

回到顶部

六、测试

6.1 新增部门

@ApiOperation(value = "1.新增部门")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "name", value = "部门名称")
})
@PostMapping("/create")
public int createDepartment(@RequestParam String name) {
String sql = String.format("insert into department(departmentName) value('%s')", name);
int result = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
return result;
}


表记录

6.2 查询所有部门

@ApiOperation(value = "2.查询所有部门")
@GetMapping("/getAllDepartment")
public List> getAllDepartment() {
List> list = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from department");
return list;
}

6.3 根据id查询某个部门

@ApiOperation(value = "3.根据id查询某个部门")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "需要查询的部门id")
})
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Map getDepartmentById(@PathVariable Long id) {
String sql = "select * from department where id = " + id;
List> list = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
return list.get(0);
}

6.4 根据id更新部门名称

@ApiOperation(value = "根据id更新部门名称")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "需要更新的部门id"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "name", value = "需要更新的部门名称")
})
@PostMapping("/update")
public int updateDepartmentById(@RequestParam Long id, @RequestParam String name) {
String sql = String.format("update department set departmentName = '%s' where id = %d", name, id);
int result = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
return result;
}

6.5 根据id删除部门

@ApiOperation(value = "根据id删除部门")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "需要删除的部门id")
})
@PostMapping("/delete")
public int deleteDepartment(@RequestParam Long id) {
String sql = String.format("delete from department where id = %d", id);
int result = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
return result;
}

七、报错和解决方案:

7.1 问题1

java.sql.SQLException:null, message from server: "Host 'Siri' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server"

解决方案:
执行命令:

use mysql;
select host from user;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'

执行结果:

Query OK, 1 row affected

如下图所示:

7.2 问题2

Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.InvalidConnectionAttributeException: The server time zone value '�й���׼ʱ��' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the 'serverTimezone' configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support.

解决方案:
配置spring.datasource.url 时,增加参数:serverTimezone=UTC

上述内容就是Spring Boot中怎样使用JDBC,你们学到知识或技能了吗?如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备,欢迎关注行业资讯频道。

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