linux环境安装python3的环境(包含setuptoo

date 20191125 周一
在linux 6.5上安装 python3.7.3 的环境
因为我们的mac上的环境为：
(base) majihuideMacBook-Pro:~ majihui$ python -V
Python 3.7.3

接下来，在我的本地测试环境上 安装 python3.7.3
[root@templatec6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
王金灿给我的 python 的 编译环境 linux上 linux centos6.5和centos7 都是可以的
例如centos 先创建好编译需要的环境
yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install openssl-devel -y
yum install libffi-devel -y

执行命令下载源码，编译，安装。 [root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz[root@templatec6 opt]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.3.tgz [root@templatec6 opt]# lltotal 22444drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root     4096 Oct 29 15:53 gitlabdrwxr-xr-x  18  501  501     4096 Mar 26  2019 Python-3.7.3-rw-r--r--   1 root root 22973527 Mar 26  2019 Python-3.7.3.tgz[root@templatec6 opt]# cd Python-3.7.3[root@templatec6 Python-3.7.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.3接下来执行 make  make install

[root@templatec6 Python-3.7.3]# ls -l /usr/local/total 48drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 4096 Nov  5 15:59 apache-tomcat-9.0.8drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 bindrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 gamesdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 includedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 libexecdrwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7.3drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 sbindrwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 27 16:00 sharedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23  2011 src[root@templatec6 bin]# python -VPython 2.6.6[root@templatec6 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3      [root@templatec6 bin]# python3 -VPython 3.7.3

接下来安装 安装 setuptools,pip什么是setuptoolssetuptools是Python distutils增强版的集合，它可以帮助我们更简单的创建和分发Python包，尤其是拥有依赖关系的。用户在使用setuptools创建的包时，并不需要已安装setuptools，只要一个启动模块即可。Python pip 安装与使用  https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/python-pip-install-usage.html python中pip是什么?pip是一个以Python计算机程序语言写成的软件包管理系统，他可以安装和管理软件包，另外不少的软件包也可以在"Python软件包索引"（英语：Python Package Index，简称PyPI）中找到。命令行接口pip的其中一个主要特点就是其方便使用的命令行接口，这让用户可以透过以下的一句文字命令来轻易地安装Python软件包：python中pip是什么  https://www.php.cn/python-tutorials-424381.html 基本上是 setuptools,pip 就类似于 rpm 和 yum的关系  一般情况下 pip 去install 安装  

安装 setuptools
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/45/29/8814bf414e7cd1031e1a3c8a4169218376e284ea2553cc0822a6ea1c2d78/setuptools-36.6.0.zip#md5=74663b15117d9a2cc5295d76011e6fd1
unzip setuptools-36.6.0.zip
cd setuptools-36.6.0
python setup.py install // /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 setup.py install

官方地址为 https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/42.0.0/#files [root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ab/41/ab6ae1937191de0c9cbc115d0e91e335f268aa1cd85524c86e5970fdb68a/setuptools-42.0.0.zip[root@templatec6 opt]# unzip setuptools-42.0.0.zip [root@templatec6 opt]# cd setuptools-42.0.0[root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# lltotal 232-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1669 Nov 23 19:53 bootstrap.py-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 147065 Nov 23 19:53 CHANGES.rst-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    537 Nov 23 19:53 conftest.pydrwxr-xr-x 4 root root   4096 Nov 25 17:20 docs-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    126 Nov 23 19:53 easy_install.py-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  10338 Nov 23 19:53 launcher.c-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1078 Nov 23 19:53 LICENSE-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    497 Nov 23 19:53 MANIFEST.in-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1640 Nov 23 19:53 msvc-build-launcher.cmd-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1514 Nov 23 19:53 pavement.py-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   3563 Nov 23 19:53 PKG-INFOdrwxr-xr-x 5 root root   4096 Nov 25 17:20 pkg_resources-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    426 Nov 23 19:53 pytest.ini-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1850 Nov 23 19:53 README.rst-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1713 Nov 23 19:53 setup.cfg-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root   5990 Nov 23 19:53 setup.pydrwxr-xr-x 6 root root   4096 Nov 25 17:20 setuptoolsdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Nov 25 17:20 setuptools.egg-info-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    663 Nov 23 19:53 towncrier_template.rst-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1757 Nov 23 19:53 tox.ini[root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# which python/usr/bin/python[root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# which python3/usr/bin/python3[root@templatec6 setuptools-42.0.0]# python3 setup.py install  .........creating distcreating 'dist/setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to itremoving 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)Processing setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.eggCopying setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.egg to /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packagesAdding setuptools 42.0.0 to easy-install.pth fileInstalling easy_install script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/binInstalling easy_install-3.7 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/binInstalled /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools-42.0.0-py3.7.eggProcessing dependencies for setuptools==42.0.0Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==42.0.0

安装pip

安装pip
下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip，和上面一样下载下来，这里可以选择tgz格式的安装包。
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz#md5=35f01da33009719497f01a4ba69d63c9
tar -zxvf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
cd pip-9.0.1
python setup.py install // /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/python3 setup.py install

[root@templatec6 opt]# wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ce/ea/9b445176a65ae4ba22dce1d93e4b5fe182f953df71a145f557cffaffc1bf/pip-19.3.1.tar.gz[root@templatec6 opt]# tar zxvf pip-19.3.1.tar.gz [root@templatec6 opt]# cd pip-19.3.1[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# lltotal 160-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users  20110 Oct 18 03:32 AUTHORS.txtdrwxr-xr-x 4 1000 users   4096 Oct 18 16:16 docs-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users   1090 Jul 18 17:11 LICENSE.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users    755 Sep 30 05:36 MANIFEST.in-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users 103735 Oct 18 04:18 NEWS.rst-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users   3688 Oct 18 16:16 PKG-INFO-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users    919 Sep 30 05:36 pyproject.toml-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users   2130 Jul 22 21:35 README.rst-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users    662 Oct 18 16:16 setup.cfg-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 users   2722 Oct 18 16:15 setup.pydrwxr-xr-x 4 1000 users   4096 Oct 18 16:16 src[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# python3 setup.py install.........creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/not-zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcopying src/pip.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFOcreating distcreating 'dist/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to itremoving 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)Processing pip-19.3.1-py3.7.eggcreating /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.eggExtracting pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg to /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packagesAdding pip 19.3.1 to easy-install.pth fileInstalling pip script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/binInstalling pip3 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/binInstalling pip3.7 script to /usr/local/python3.7.3/binInstalled /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.eggProcessing dependencies for pip==19.3.1Finished processing dependencies for pip==19.3.1

[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# find / -name "pip"
/opt/pip-19.3.1/build/lib/pip
/opt/pip-19.3.1/src/pip
/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip
/opt/Python-3.7.3/Tools/msi/pip
/usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip
/usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg/pip
/usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip
[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# which pip
/usr/bin/which: no pip in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151/bin:/root/bin)
[root@templatec6 pip-19.3.1]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip --version
pip 19.3.1 from /usr/local/python3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip-19.3.1-py3.7.egg/pip (python 3.7)

接下来安装 virtualenv 安装这个的目的是 创建虚拟环境 每个项目每个项目用独立的环境
//
在开发Python应用程序的时候，系统安装的Python3只有一个版本：3.4。所有第三方的包都会被pip安装到Python3的site-packages目录下。

如果我们要同时开发多个应用程序，那这些应用程序都会共用一个Python，就是安装在系统的Python 3。如果应用A需要jinja 2.7，而应用B需要jinja 2.6怎么办？

这种情况下，每个应用可能需要各自拥有一套"独立"的Python运行环境。virtualenv就是用来为一个应用创建一套"隔离"的Python运行环境。
参考链接： https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1016959663602400/1019273143120480

参考链接： Linux安装pip和setuptools https://blog.csdn.net/yanpenggong/article/details/89957857
Linux下Python环境部署 https://blog.csdn.net/shylonegirl/article/details/83017139

[root@templatec6 opt]# cd /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/[root@templatec6 bin]# lltotal 21592lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 Nov 25 17:06 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      113 Nov 25 17:06 2to3-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      404 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      412 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 Nov 25 17:06 idle3 -> idle3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      111 Nov 25 17:06 idle3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      365 Nov 25 17:31 pip-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      367 Nov 25 17:31 pip3-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      371 Nov 25 17:31 pip3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       96 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        9 Nov 25 17:06 python3 -> python3.7-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7m-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     3103 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7m-configlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       16 Nov 25 17:06 python3-config -> python3.7-configlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       10 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      453 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv-3.7[root@templatec6 bin]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip install virtualenvWARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/virtualenv/Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/virtualenv/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/virtualenv/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skippingERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement virtualenv (from versions: none)ERROR: No matching distribution found for virtualenvWARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping// 报错的意思是没找到，需要配置国内的pip的源[global]index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 使用pip安装完包后，只需再执行一次命令pip install xx，就会显示安装路径使用pip freeze命令可以查看安装了那些包 用这个，是金灿给我的 [global]index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple[install]trusted-host = pypi.douban.com 参考链接 ： pip国内源设置方法 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41712059/article/details/86704492 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------我的实际操作为：[root@templatec6 .pip]# pwd/root/.pip[root@templatec6 .pip]# cat pip.conf [global]index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple[install]trusted-host = pypi.douban.com[root@templatec6 .pip]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/pip install virtualenvLooking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simpleCollecting virtualenv  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/62/77/6a86ef945ad39aae34aed4cc1ae4a2f941b9870917a974ed7c5b6f137188/virtualenv-16.7.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.4MB)     |████████████████████████████████| 3.4MB 341kB/s Installing collected packages: virtualenv  WARNING: The script virtualenv is installed in '/usr/local/python3.7.3/bin' which is not on PATH.  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.Successfully installed virtualenv-16.7.8 [root@templatec6 bin]# pwd/usr/local/python3.7.3/bin[root@templatec6 bin]# lltotal 21596lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 Nov 25 17:06 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      113 Nov 25 17:06 2to3-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      404 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      412 Nov 25 17:26 easy_install-3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 Nov 25 17:06 idle3 -> idle3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      111 Nov 25 17:06 idle3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      365 Nov 25 17:31 pip-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      367 Nov 25 17:31 pip3-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      371 Nov 25 17:31 pip3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        8 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       96 Nov 25 17:06 pydoc3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        9 Nov 25 17:06 python3 -> python3.7-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config-rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11033390 Nov 25 17:05 python3.7m-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     3103 Nov 25 17:06 python3.7m-configlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       16 Nov 25 17:06 python3-config -> python3.7-configlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       10 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      453 Nov 25 17:06 pyvenv-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      209 Nov 25 17:51 virtualenv        // 这个就下载好了创建一个 python 的 虚拟环境    [root@templatec6 bin]# /usr/local/python3.7.3/bin/virtualenv /opt/python_testUsing base prefix '/usr/local/python3.7.3'New python executable in /opt/python_test/bin/python3Also creating executable in /opt/python_test/bin/pythonInstalling setuptools, pip, wheel...done. [root@templatec6 bin]# cd /opt/python_test/[root@templatec6 python_test]# lltotal 12drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 bindrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 includedrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:02 liblrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    3 Nov 25 18:02 lib64 -> lib[root@templatec6 python_test]# cd bin/[root@templatec6 bin]# lltotal 10828-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     2205 Nov 25 18:02 activate-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1424 Nov 25 18:02 activate.csh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     3089 Nov 25 18:02 activate.fish-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1751 Nov 25 18:02 activate.ps1-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1517 Nov 25 18:02 activate_this.py-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1146 Nov 25 18:02 activate.xsh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      242 Nov 25 18:02 easy_install-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      242 Nov 25 18:02 easy_install-3.7-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      229 Nov 25 18:02 pip-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      229 Nov 25 18:02 pip3-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      229 Nov 25 18:02 pip3.7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 Nov 25 18:02 python -> python3-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11033390 Nov 25 18:02 python3lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 Nov 25 18:02 python3.7 -> python3-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     2334 Nov 25 18:02 python-config-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      220 Nov 25 18:02 wheel[root@templatec6 bin]# pwd/opt/python_test/bin[root@templatec6 bin]# /opt/python_test/bin/pip --versionpip 19.3.1 from /opt/python_test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)[root@templatec6 bin]# /opt/python_test/bin/python -VPython 3.7.3[root@templatec6 bin]# cd /tmp/[root@templatec6 tmp]# lltotal 8drwx------. 2 git  git  4096 Oct 30 20:21 gitaly-ruby899036078drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:13 pycharm_project_455 [root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# pwd/tmp/pycharm_project_455[root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# lltotal 12-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   21 Nov 25 15:49 hello.py-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3769 Jul 30 21:15 launcherdrwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 25 18:14 venv[root@templatec6 pycharm_project_455]# /opt/python_test/bin/python hello.py hello world [root@templatec6 bin]# source /opt/python_test/bin/activate (python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# python -VPython 3.7.3(python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# which  python/opt/python_test/bin/python(python_test) [root@templatec6 bin]# python /tmp/pycharm_project_455/hello.py hello world