MHA高可用群集详细介绍
本文主要给大家简单讲讲MHA高可用群集详细介绍,相关专业术语大家可以上网查查或者找一些相关书籍补充一下,这里就不涉猎了,直奔主题,希望可以给大家带来一些实际帮助。
MHA概述
日本DeNA公司youshimaton (现就职于Facebook公司) 开发
一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件
MHA的组成
MHA Manager (管理节点)
MHA Node (数据节点)
MHA特点
自动故障切换过程中,MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据的不丢失
使用MySQL 5.5的半同步复制,可以大大降低数据丢失的风险
实验思路
1、MHA架构
(1)数据库安装
(2)一主两从
(3)MHA搭建
2、故障模拟
(1)主库失效
(2)备选主库成为主库
(3)从库2将备选主库指向为主库
部署环境
1、实验环境
服务器角色 | IP地址 | 服务软件包 |
---|---|---|
master | 192.168.142.130 | mha4mysql-node |
slave1 | 192.168.142.131 | mha4mysql-node |
slave2 | 192.168.142.132 | mha4mysql-node |
manager | 192.168.142.133 | Textmha4mysql-manager、 mha4mysql-node |
2、实验要求
本案例要求通过MHA监控MySQL 数据库在故障时进行自动切换,不影响业务。
3、实验思路
(1)安装MySQL数据库
(2)配置MySQL一主两从
(3)安装MHA软件
(4)配置无密码认证
(5)配置MySQL MHA高可用
(6)模拟master 故障切换
第一步:在三台MySQL节点上分别安装数据库
(MySOL版本请使用5.6.36, cmake版本请使用2.8.6)
1、安装编译依赖的环境
yum install -y install ncurses-devel gcc gcc-c++ perl-Module-Install
2、远程挂载
mkdir /abcmount.cifs //192.168.1421/mha /abc/
3、安装gmake编译软件
cd /abc/mha/tar zxvf cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz -C /opt/cd /opt/cmake-2.8.6/./configuregmake && gmake install
4、安装MySQL数据库
cd /abc/mha/tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz -C /opt/cd /opt/mysql-5.6.36/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \-DSYSCONFDIR=/etcmake && make installcp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnfcp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqldchmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqldchkconfig --add mysqldecho "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profilesource /etc/profileuseradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysqlchown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \--user=mysql
5、修改master的主配置文件/etc/my.cnf文件,三台服务器的server-id不能一样
vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]server-id = 1log_bin = master-binlog-slave-updates = true
第二步:配置从服务器1
修改 mysql 的主配置文件
#在/etc/my.cnf中修改或者增加下面内容。[mysqld]server-id = 2log_bin = master-binrelay-log = relay-log-binrelay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
第三步:配置从服务器2
1.修改 mysql 的主配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf[mysql]server-id = 3log_bin = master-binrelay-log = relay-log-binrelay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
2.在master、slave1、slave2上分别做两个软连接
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
3.master、slave1、slave2上启动mysql,并查看开启状况
#启动mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql 查看服务端口状态netstat -ntap | grep 3306#关闭防火墙和安全功能systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0
第四步:配置MySQL一主两从
1.mysq主从配置相对比较简单需要注意的是授权,在所有数据库节点上授权两个用户,一个是从库同步使用用户myslave,另一个是manager使用监控用户mha
grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123';grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.142.%' identified by 'manager';flush privileges;
2.下面三条授权按理论是不用添加的,但是做案例实验环境时候通过MHA检查mysql主从有报错,报两个从库通过主机名连接不上主库,所以所有数据库加上下面的授权
grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'master' identified by 'manager';grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave1' identified by 'manager';grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave2' identified by 'manager';#刷新数据库flush privileges;
3.在master主机上查看二进制文件和同步点
mysql> show master status;+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| master-bin.000001 | 1292 | | | |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
4.在slave1、slave2上分别执行同步
change master to master_host='192.168.142.130',master_user='myslave',master_password='123',master_log_file='masterbin.000001',master_log_pos=1292;start slave;#开启slave
5.查看IO和SQL线程都是yes代表代表同步正常
show slave status\G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes#必须设置两个从库为只读模式#设置两个从库为只读模式set global read_only=1;#刷新数据库flush privileges;
第五步:安装MHA软件(所有服务器上都安装MHA依赖的环境,首先安装epel源)
#关闭防火墙和安全功能systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0#安装MHA依赖的环境yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -yyum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \perl-Config-Tiny \perl-Log-Dispatch \perl-Parallel-ForkManager \perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \perl-CPAN#安装node(在所有服务器上安装node)tar zxvf /abc/rpm/MHA/mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gzcd mha4mysql-node-0.57/perl Makefile.PLmake && make install
第六步:在MHA-manager上安装manager组件(注意:先安装node组件才能安装manager组件)
tar zxvf /abc/rpm/MHA/mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gzcd mha4mysql-manager-0.57/perl Makefile.PL makemake installmanager安装后会在/usr/local/bin下面生成几个工具:masterha_conf_host #添加或删除配置的server信息masterha_stop #关闭managermasterha_manager #启动manager脚本masterha_check_repl #检查mysql复制情况masterha_master_monitor #检查master是否宕机masterha_check_ssh #检查MHA的SSH配置状况masterha_master_switch #控制故障转移(自动或者手动)masterha_check_status #检测当前MHA运行状态node安装后也会在/usr/local/bin下面生成几个脚本(这些工具通常由MHA Manager的脚本出发,无需人为陈操作)apply_diff_relay_logs #识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用与其他的slavefilter_mysqlbinlog #去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件(MHA已不再使用这个工具)purge_relay_logs #清除中继日志(不会阻塞SQL线程)save_binary_logs #保存和复制master的二进制日志
第七步:配置无密码验证
(1)在manager上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证
#因为是无密码验证,所以一路按回车键ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.130ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.131ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(2)在master上配置到数据库节点slave1和slave2的无密码验证
ssh-keygen -t rsassh-copy-id 192.168.142.131ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(3)在slave1上配置到数据库节点master和slave2的无密码认证
ssh-keygen -t rsassh-copy-id 192.168.142.130ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.132
(4)在slave2上配置到数据库节点master和slave1的无密码认证
ssh-keygen -t rsassh-copy-id 192.168.142.130ssh-copy-id 192.168.142.131
第八步:配置MHA
1.在manager节点上复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin目录
cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin#拷贝后会有四个执行文件#查看目录权限ll /usr/local/bin/scripts/-rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 3648 May 31 2015 master_ip_failover #自动切换时VIP管理的脚本-rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 9870 May 31 2015 master_ip_online_change #在线切换时VIP的管理-rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 11867 May 31 2015 power_manager #故障发生后关闭主机的脚本-rwxr-xr-x. 1 1001 1001 1360 May 31 2015 send_report #因故障切换后发送警报的脚本
2.复制上述的自动切换时VIP管理的脚本到/usr/local/bin目录,这里使用脚本管理VIP
cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin
3.重新编写 master_ip_failover 脚本:(删除原有内容,直接写入下述内容)
vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #!/usr/bin/env perluse strict;use warnings FATAL => 'all';use Getopt::Long;my ($command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port);#添加内容部分my $vip = '192.168.142.200';my $brdc = '192.168.142.255';my $ifdev = 'ens33';my $key = '1';my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";my $exit_code = 0;#my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;";#my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key";GetOptions('command=s' => \$command,'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,);exit &main();sub main {print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {my $exit_code = 1;eval {print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";&stop_vip();$exit_code = 0;};if ($@) {warn "Got Error: $@\n";exit $exit_code;}exit $exit_code;}elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {my $exit_code = 10;eval {print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";&start_vip();$exit_code = 0;};if ($@) {warn $@;exit $exit_code;}exit $exit_code;}elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";exit 0;}else {&usage();exit 1;}}sub start_vip() {`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;}#A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_mastersub stop_vip() {`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;}sub usage {print"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";}
4.创建MHA软件目录并拷贝配置文件
mkdir /etc/masterhacp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterhavim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf [server default]#manager配置文件manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log #manager日志manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1#master保存binlog的位置,这里的路径要与master里配置的bilog的相同master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data#设置自动failover时候的切换脚本。也就是上边的那个脚本master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover#设置手动切换时候的切换脚本master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change#这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码password=managerremote_workdir=/tmp#设置复制用户密码repl_password=123#设置复制用户的用户repl_user=myslave#设置发生切换后发生报警的脚本reporl_script=/usr/local/send_reportsecondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.45.130 -s 192.168.45.134#设置故障发生关闭故障脚本主机shutdown_script=""#设置ssh的登录用户名ssh_user=root#设置监控用户user=mha[server1]hostname=192.168.142.port=3306[server2]candidate_master=1check_repl_delay=0hostname=192.168.142.port=3306[server3]hostname=192.168.142.port=3306
5.测试ssh无密码认证
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnfmasterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf#注意:第一次配置需要去master上手动开启虚拟IP/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.142.200/24
6.启动MHA
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
7.查看MHA状态,可以看到当前的master是mysql1节点
masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
8.查看MHA日志,也可以看到当前的master是192.168.142.130
cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
第九步:故障模拟
1、启动监控观察日志记录
tailf /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
2、查看地址变化
pkill -9 mysql #宕掉mysql服务 VIP地址不会因为manager节点停止MHA服务而消失,VIP地址会转移到slave1上#从服务器查看vip地址转移ifconfigens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.142.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255 inet6 fe80::b81a:9df:a960:45ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 00:0c:29:97:8e:66 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1687418 bytes 1157627305 (1.0 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1376468 bytes 170996461 (163.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33:1: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.142.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255 ether 00:0c:29:97:8e:66 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
3、在mha-manager上开启另外一个新的终端,直接yum安装一个mysql
yum install mysql -y#在slave1上赋予权限,要不然mha-manager这边是进不到数据库的:grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';#在mh-manager上进行登录: mysql -h 192.168.142.200 -uroot -pEnter password: #输入密码(1)创建个数据库school,并创建个表info,写一下简单的内容MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> create database school;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> use school;Database changedMySQL [school]> create table info (id int);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)(2)创建好以后再slave1上的数据库中查看,会同步数据mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || school || test |+--------------------+(3)因为slave1和slave2之间是相互同步的,所以在slave2上数据也应该同步mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || school || test |
+--------------------+
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