Linux下面oracle环境的搭建
标题：Linux下面oracle环境的搭建
主题： | Oracle数据库环境准备 | |||
第一部分：安装oracle软件包 | ||||
1.安装 VMware Tools | 安装vmware-tools工具 步骤1、点击---->虚拟机----->安装Vmware Tools 步骤2、df -h [root@server253 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% / /dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm /dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908 步骤3、挂在VMwareTools镜像 mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/ df -h [root@server253 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 20G 8.3G 11G 45% / /dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm /dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908 /dev/scd0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100% /mnt 步骤4、cp /mnt/VMwareTools… /etc/opt/ cd /opt/ ls 步骤5、解压VMwareTools包 tar -zxvf VMwareTools… cd vmware-tools-distrib ls 步骤6、./vmware-install.pl 一路回车 最后reboot一下 | |||
2.配置ip地址 计算机名 配置主机 防火墙设置 | 1，配置IP地址 vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/etc/init.d/network restart chkconfig network on ifconfig eth0 2，配置计算机名字 vim /etc/sysconfig/network
修改临时主机名 hostname server253.oracle.com 3，配置主机 vim /etc/hosts
ping server253.oracle.com ping server253 4，防火墙设置 system-config-securitylevel
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| 3.配置yum仓 库 |
设备状态---->勾选上已连接 df -h mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/ vim /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo [base] name=rhel5.4 baseurl=file:///mnt/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 | |||
4.检查软件的 必要性 | Checking the Software Requirements
[root@server253 ~]rpm -qa|grep compat-db [root@server253 ~]# yum -y install compat-db [root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep pdksh [root@server253 ~]# yum -y install pdksh [root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep sysstat [root@server253 ~]# yum -y install sysstat | |||
5.检查网络步 骤 | 1. ifconfig eth0
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6.配置名称解 析 | vim /etc/hosts
ping server253.oracle.com ping server253 | |||
7. 创建安装软 件需要账户 名和组 8. 判断nobody 是否存在 | Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users 创建三个用户 [root@server253 ~]# useradd dba [root@server253 ~]# useradd oinstall [root@server253 ~]# useradd oper [root@server253 ~]# id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oracle) groups=500(oracle) 将用户加入到组 usermod -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,oper,oracle oracle [root@server253 ~]# id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),500(oracle),501(dba),503(oper) 8,Verifying that the User nobody Exists 判断nobody是否存在 原因：外部作业必须存在nobody [root@server253 ~]# id nobody uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody) | |||
9. 内核参数 | Configuring Kernel Parameters vi /etc/sysctl.conf
-shmall :该参数表示系统依次可以使用的共享内存段的总容量（以页为单位）。默认值是2097152，通常不需要修改 -shmmax:该参数定义了单个进程能够使用的共享内存段的最大尺寸（以字节为单位），默认为32MB，对于ORACLE来说，该默认值太低了，通常将其设置为2GB -shmmin:该内核参数用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大个数，该参数的默认值是4096，通常不需要更改 -sem:该参数表示设置的信号量 -file-max: 该参数表示文件句柄的最大数量，文件句柄设置表示在linux系统中可以打开的文件数量 [root@server253 ~]# sysctl -p | |||
10. 配置SHELL 限制 | 配置SHELL限制 a,vim /etc/security/limits.conf
b,vi /etc/pam.d/login
c,Depending on the oracle user's default shell vi /etc/profile
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11. 创建所需 要的目录 | 创建所需要的目录 Identifying Required Software Directories a,Oracle Base Directory--- 根目录 必须手工创建 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle b,Oracle Inventory Directory 名字：oracle_base/oraInventory --产品清单列表 /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory You do not need to create it. 安装自动创建 c,Oracle Home Directory 软件所安装的目录 每安装一个产品都会有一相应的oralce home目录，You do not need to create this directory. 建议你们创建 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 d,命令 # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle 测试 ll /u01/app | |||
12.配置oracle 用户环境 | Configuring the oracle User's Environment su - oracle cd /home/oracle vim .bash_profile
[root@server253 ~]# source .bash_profile | |||
13.准备安装介 质 | a,如何将安装介质上传到linux b,tool c,使用root上传，使用解压，查看权限 unzip 包名 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 775 /u01 | |||
14. su - oracle | [oracle@server253 ~]$ su - root [root@server253 ~]# xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [root@server253 ~]# su - oracle [oracle@server253 ~]$ xclock | |||
15. 安装你的数据库软件 16.安装过程要 做的事情 | [oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/ [oracle@server253 database]$ ./runInstaller a,vim /home/oracle/.base_profile
b,不要选默认创建数据库，这里只是安装数据库软件 c.最后以root身份执行2个脚本： orainstRoot.sh==用来更新最终的产品清单信息 root.sh ==根据当前主机的信息生成一些使用脚本，如dbca [oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/ [oracle@server253 database]$ ./runInstaller [root@localhost /]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@localhost /]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh | |||
第二部分：创建侦听 | ||||
[oracle@server253 ~]$ netca -bash: netca: command not found 查看netca所在的路径 [oracle@server253 bin]$ ls netca netca [oracle@server253 bin]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin [oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile
[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@server253 ~]$ netca [oracle@server253 ~]$ lsnrctl status [oracle@server253 ~]$ netstat -tunlp |grep 1521 (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14633/tnslsnr | ||||
第三部分：创建数据库 | ||||
------------创建数据库-----dbca-- 一是采用脚本的方式 二是采用图形界面 [oracle@server253 ~]$ dbca 使用DBCA创建第一个数据库：orcl 全局数据库名：数据库名+域名 oracle sid： 实例名 默认实例名和数据库名一样，也可以不一样 enterprise manager (EM) EM采用网页形式对数据库进行管理 有2种类型的EM： 一是采用GRID CONTROL-它可以管理多台主机以及多个数据库，必须在主机上安装agent 二是采用Database control 只能管理一个数据库 数据库管理方式 1 grid control 默认不可选，原因：你没有配置grid contol agent 2 dbconsole 管理 一定要选择此模板 | ||||
查看创建的数据库信息 [oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump [oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl cd admin/实例名/ 审计 跟踪 警告日志 [oracle@server253 admin]$ cd orcl/bdump/ [oracle@server253 bdump]$ ls alert_orcl.log orcl_lgwr_16683.trc orcl_lgwr_16778.trc orcl_lgwr_16845.trc cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/实例名/ 数据库文件 这里十二个文件要写脚本 [oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls control01.ctl example01.dbf redo03.log temp01.dbf control02.ctl redo01.log sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf control03.ctl redo02.log system01.dbf users01.dbf [oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl ps -elf |grep ora [oracle@server253 dbs]$ ps -elf|grep ora 0 S root 3548 3523 0 78 0 - 494 stext Aug13 ? 00:00:10 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scd0 4 S root 9164 6840 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle 4 S oracle 9165 9164 0 76 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash 4 S root 9261 9216 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle 4 S oracle 9262 9261 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash 4 S root 9893 9753 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle 4 S oracle 9894 9893 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash 4 S root 10010 9967 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle 4 S oracle 10011 10010 0 75 0 - 1135 wait Aug13 pts/2 00:00:00 -bash 4 S root 14109 4694 0 77 0 - 1230 wait Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle 4 S oracle 14110 14109 0 76 0 - 1135 - Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash 0 S oracle 14633 1 0 76 0 - 10567 stext Aug13 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit 0 S oracle 16837 1 0 78 0 - 250810 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl 0 S oracle 16839 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl 0 S oracle 16841 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl 0 S oracle 16843 1 0 78 0 - 251174 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl 0 S oracle 16845 1 0 76 0 - 254545 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 ora_lgwr_orcl 0 S oracle 16847 1 0 78 0 - 250781 - Aug13 ? 00:00:03 ora_ckpt_orcl 0 S oracle 16849 1 0 77 0 - 251051 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl 0 S oracle 16851 1 0 80 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl 0 S oracle 16853 1 0 75 0 - 251056 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcl 0 S oracle 16855 1 0 78 0 - 251353 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl 0 S oracle 16857 1 0 78 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl 0 S oracle 16859 1 0 78 0 - 250817 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl 0 S oracle 16861 1 0 75 0 - 250809 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl 0 S oracle 16866 1 0 79 0 - 250657 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl 0 S oracle 17090 1 0 78 0 - 251063 - Aug13 ? 00:00:02 ora_j000_orcl 0 S oracle 17811 1 0 75 0 - 251044 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl 0 S oracle 17813 1 0 78 0 - 250656 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl 0 S oracle 17856 1 0 75 0 - 2031 - Aug13 pts/1 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup 0 S oracle 17881 17856 0 78 0 - 148091 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:29 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx256M -XX:MaxPermSize=96m -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/java2.policy -Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/server.xml 0 S oracle 18060 1 0 77 0 - 253384 - Aug13 ? 00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 18062 1 0 75 0 - 251086 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 18064 1 0 75 0 - 251348 - Aug13 ? 00:00:05 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 19902 17856 0 77 0 - 14604 stext Aug13 pts/1 00:00:03 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emagent 0 S oracle 19945 1 0 76 0 - 251627 - Aug13 ? 00:00:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 19956 1 0 75 0 - 251093 - Aug13 ? 00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 24484 1 0 76 0 - 251073 - Aug13 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 24953 1 0 79 0 - 251081 - 00:00 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 S oracle 24957 1 0 78 0 - 251084 - 00:00 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) 0 R oracle 25086 10011 0 77 0 - 1065 - 00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -elf 0 R oracle 25087 10011 0 78 0 - 980 - 00:02 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ora 还多了一个文件夹 [oracle@server253 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@server253 db_1]$ ls assistants has log oraInst.loc server253.oracle.com_orcl bin hs md ord slax cdata install mesg oui sqlj cfgtoollogs install.platform mgw owm sqlplus clone inventory network perl srvm config javavm nls plsql sysman crs jdbc oc4j precomp uix css jdk odbc racg wwg ctx jlib olap rdbms xdk dbs jre OPatch relnotes demo ldap opmn root.sh diagnostics lib oracore root.sh.old [oracle@server253 db_1]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 这里的实例在启动的时候，第一个读到的是spfileorcl.ora文件，一旦此文件丢了，你的实例就崩啦，以后排错，第一个要修复的文件就是这个文件 [oracle@server253 db_1]$ cd dbs [oracle@server253 dbs]$ ls hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora [oracle@server253 dbs]$ | ||||
| 如何证明创建数据库成功 | [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba -bash: sqlplus: command not found [oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile umask 022 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH [oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:15:00 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> 方法一： SQL> select * from tab; 3643 rows selected. 方法二： SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:22:38 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> 启动过程中有三个过程
如果三个过程都OK，那么数据库启动成功 SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 926941184 bytes Fixed Size 1222672 bytes Variable Size 243271664 bytes Database Buffers 679477248 bytes Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> | |||
第四部分：oracle登录模式 | ||||
| 1.数据库的连 接方式介绍 | oracle登录模式 连接基本使用
1、EM-企业化管理器（图形管理） 2、isqlplus--（JAVA） 3、sqlplus | |||
| 2.sys账号登录 | sqlplus账号/密码 as sysdba [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:27:25 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> | |||
| 3.sys账户采 用的是系统 身份验证 | 例如： [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus xiaoming/oracle as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:29:53 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> show user USER is "SYS" SQL> 所以系统账号还可以这样登录 [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:31:08 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> 注：只要你的oracle账号可以登录到你的系统上面来，那么你的SQL就可以登录 | |||
| 4.查看当前登 录的账号 | SQL> show user USER is "SYS" | |||
| 5.退出登录 | SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@server253 ~]$ | |||
| 6.普通账号的 登录 | oracle数据库在创建的时候，提供三个账号： sys scott hr scott账号默认登录的时候，密码为tiger，但是登录时候发现账号被锁定了 [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:44:42 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-28000: the account is locked Enter user-name: | |||
| 7.解锁普通账 号 | [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> show user USER is "SYS" SQL> alter user scott account unlock ; User altered. [oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:49:14 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-28001: the password has expired Changing password for scott New password: Retype new password: Password changed Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> show user USER is "SCOTT" SQL> | |||
| 8.修改普通账 号密码 | SQL> show user USER is "SCOTT" SQL> alter user scott identified by redhat; User altered. 注意：注意：用户自己本身也可以修改自己的密码，一般情况是不被允许的 | |||
| 9.同时解锁和 修改密码 | SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle; alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges SQL> show user; USER is "SYS" SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle; User altered. SQL> | |||
| 10.解锁hr账 号 | sqlplus / as sysdba; alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat; exit sqlplus hr/redhat; show user; | |||
| 11.用户之间 的切换 | ----conn hr/redhat---- 切换到hr账号上面 ----conn / as sysdba-- 切换到sys账号上面 ---conn sys/oracle as sysdba---切换到sys账号上面 SQL> show user USER is "SYS" SQL> alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat; User altered. SQL> show user; USER is "SYS" SQL> conn scott/oracle Connected. SQL> show user; USER is "SCOTT" SQL> | |||
| 12.帮助文件 | --------------------------帮助----------------------------------- ---help index ---帮助索引 ---？shutdown---- 查找shutdown的使用功能 ---？set-----查找set的使用功能 SQL> help index Enter Help [topic] for help. @ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN @@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL / DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR COMPUTE LIST SET CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW SQL> ? shutdown SHUTDOWN -------- Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally closing and dismounting a database. SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]] SQL> ? set SET --- Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings for your current session. For example, to: - set the display width for data - customize HTML formatting - enable or disable printing of column headings - set the number of lines per page In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set system variables. SET system_variable value where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses: APPI[NFO]{OFF|ON|text} NUM[WIDTH] {10|n} ARRAY[SIZE] {15|n} PAGES[IZE] {14|n} AUTO[COMMIT] {OFF|ON|IMM[EDIATE]|n} PAU[SE] {OFF|ON|text} AUTOP[RINT] {OFF|ON} RECSEP {WR[APPED]|EA[CH]|OFF} AUTORECOVERY {OFF|ON} RECSEPCHAR {_|c} AUTOT[RACE] {OFF|ON|TRACE[ONLY]} SERVEROUT[PUT] {ON|OFF} [EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]] [SIZE {n | UNLIMITED}] [FOR[MAT] BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {.|c|ON|OFF} {WRA[PPED] | CMDS[EP] {;|c|OFF|ON} WOR[D_WRAPPED] | COLSEP {_|text} TRU[NCATED]}] CON[CAT] {.|c|ON|OFF} *SHIFT[INOUT] {VIS[IBLE] | COPYC[OMMIT] {0|n} INV[ISIBLE]} COPYTYPECHECK {ON|OFF} *SHOW[MODE] {OFF|ON} DEF[INE] {&|c|ON|OFF} *SQLBL[ANKLINES] {OFF|ON} DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1|n|ALL}] SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] | [LINENUM {OFF|ON}] [INDENT {OFF|ON}] LO[WER] | UP[PER]} ECHO {OFF|ON} *SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text} *EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext] *SQLN[UMBER] {ON|OFF} EMB[EDDED] {OFF|ON} SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] {x.y[.z]} ESC[APE] {\|c|OFF|ON} *SQLPRE[FIX] {#|c} FEED[BACK] {6|n|ON|OFF} *SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL>|text} FLAGGER {OFF|ENTRY|INTERMED[IATE]|FULL} SQLT[ERMINATOR] {;|c|ON|OFF} *FLU[SH] {ON|OFF} *SUF[FIX] {SQL|text} HEA[DING] {ON|OFF} *TAB {ON|OFF} HEADS[EP] {||c|ON|OFF} *TERM[OUT] {ON|OFF} INSTANCE [instance_path|LOCAL] *TI[ME] {OFF|ON} LIN[ESIZE] {80|n} ({150|n} iSQL*Plus) TIMI[NG] {OFF|ON} LOBOF[FSET] {1|n} *TRIM[OUT] {ON|OFF} LOGSOURCE [pathname] *TRIMS[POOL] {OFF|ON} LONG {80|n} UND[ERLINE] {-|c|ON|OFF} LONGC[HUNKSIZE] {80|n} VER[IFY] {ON|OFF} MARK[UP] HTML [OFF|ON] WRA[P] {ON|OFF} [HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text] XQUERY {BASEURI text| [ENTMAP {ON|OFF}] ORDERING{UNORDERED| [SPOOL {OFF|ON}] ORDERED|DEFAULT}| [PRE[FORMAT] {OFF|ON}] NODE{BYVALUE|BYREFERENCE| NEWP[AGE] {1|n|NONE} DEFAULT}| NULL text CONTEXT text} NUMF[ORMAT] format An asterisk (*) indicates the SET option is not supported in iSQL*Plus. | |||
| 13.启用历史 记录功能 | ---需要安装rlwrap包---- 因为是源码包，所以有点麻烦 .gz结尾的包 所以gunzip rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz rlwrap-0.37.tar tar -xvf rlwrap-0.37.tar 源代码安装其实是最简单的，不用搭建yum仓库 第一种方式：分两步解开 只要一步就可以解开带.gz的压缩包 tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz vim REDEAME 查看安装说明 搜索 ：/INSTALL /INSTALL 源码包安装方式，需要两步，其实下面就合成了一步 ./configure; make install 需要root权限安装rlwrap-0.37.tar ./configure; make install 如果安装不成功需要检查这两个软件包是否有安装 ls |grep readline readline-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm readline-devel-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm rpm -qa|grep readline ls |grep libter libtermcap-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm libtermcap-devel-2.0.8-46.1.i386.rpm rpm -qa|grep libter ---------检验------------ su - oracle sqlplus / as sysdba; selecct * from tab; exit 发现报错，使用不了 因为rlwrap是安装在linux系统上面的，所以每次使用的时候都必须告诉oracle系统 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba; 现在发现是可以上翻看，下查看的 可以通过取别名来实现 alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' 不过这个是临时的 要想要永久的生效需要在oracle家目录下面配置.bash_profile文件 ls -a vim .bash_profile alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' 添加这一项即可 保存退出后source .bash_profile | |||
第五部分：oracle下面的文本编辑器 | ||||
为解决这个问题 SQL> select ename,sal,hiredata 2 from emp 3 where sal=800 4 ; select ename,sal,hiredata * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier ------需要修改编辑器------ su - oracle vim .bash_profile EDITOR=vim export EDITOR source .bash_profile SQL> conn scott/oracle Connected. SQL> show user USER is "SCOTT" SQL> select ename,sal,hiredata 2 from emp 3 where sal=800 4 ; select ename,sal,hiredata * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "HIREDATA": invalid identifier 敲一个ed，进行纠正编辑 SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 select ename,sal,hiredate 2 from emp 3* where sal=800 4 ; 或者 SQL> ed Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 select ename,sal,hiredate 2 from emp 3* where sal=800 4 / ENAME SAL HIREDATE ---------- ---------- --------- SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 SQL> SQL> / ENAME SAL HIREDATE ---------- ---------- --------- SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 SQL> ！也可以退出oracle数据库 l列出oracle数据里面的缓存信息 scott模式下面所有的对象 scott这人账号里面一共有四个对象 这里的对象叫表 SQL> / TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID ------------------------------ ------- ---------- DEPT TABLE EMP TABLE BONUS TABLE SALGRADE TABLE 得到表里面产生的信息 SQL> select * from EMP 2 ; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO ---------- 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO ---------- 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO ---------- 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO ---------- 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 14 rows selected. 我现在想要知道EMP里面有哪些列？ 从emp表里面得到了8个列 SQL> desc emp Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4) ENAME VARCHAR2(10) JOB VARCHAR2(9) MGR NUMBER(4) HIREDATE DATE SAL NUMBER(7,2) COMM NUMBER(7,2) DEPTNO NUMBER(2) SQL> SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp; / 通过/可以再次执行一遍 -------------如何永久的保存-------- SQL> select ename,sal from emp; SQL> save /u01/a.sql Created file /u01/a.sql 注意保存一定要保存绝对路径 ------------如何调用保存的脚步---------- 第一种方法：@/u01/a.sql 就可以直接的调出来 第二钟方法：start /u01/a.sql -------将保存的命令调到缓存但是不执行------- SQL> get /u01/b.sql 1 select ename,sal 2 from emp 3* where sal=3000 get调出来，但是不执行 ----------------我想要临时的切换到linux环境下面怎么办----------------------- ！ 就可以到linux环境 exit 从linux环境又切换到oracle环境 ----------------直接退出oracle环境-------------- exit 在oracle环境下面直接的输入exit就可以直接的退出oracle环境 host和！功能一样 ---------在不退出oracle的环境下删除u01下面的a.sql-------- SQL> rm -rf /u01/a.sql SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "rm -rf /u0..." - rest of line ignored. SQL> ---在前面添加一个感叹号即可完成----- SQL> ! rm -rf /u01/a.sql SQL> ! ls /u01 10201_database_linux32.zip app database rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz SQL> SQL> ! mkdir /u01/aa SQL> ! ls -l /u01 total 654232 -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 668734007 Nov 6 2009 10201_database_linux32.zip drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 13 00:48 aa -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:33 afiedt.buf drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 8 22:38 app -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 Aug 13 00:32 b.sql drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 3 2005 database -rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 251438 Nov 19 2011 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 251438 Aug 12 21:55 rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak SQL> ---------------要求是把查询使用的命令加上查询的结果全部都保存下来---------------- SQL> spool /u01/a.txt SQL> select ename from emp; ENAME ---------- SMITH ALLEN WARD JONES MARTIN BLAKE CLARK SCOTT KING TURNER ADAMS ENAME ---------- JAMES FORD MILLER 14 rows selected. SQL> spool off 结果大功告成 SQL> ! [oracle@server253 u01]$ ls 10201_database_linux32.zip app database aa a.txt rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz afiedt.buf b.sql rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz.bak [oracle@server253 u01]$ vim a.txt [oracle@server253 u01]$ vim a.txt |
