MySQL数据库误删除后如何恢复

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首先，要确保mysql开启了binlog日志功能。在/etc/my.cnf文件里的[mysqld]区块添加：

log-bin=mysql-bin

然后重启mysql服务

（1）在ops库下创建一张表customers

mysql> use ops;  mysql> create table customers(  -> id int not null auto_increment,  -> name char(20) not null,  -> age int not null,  -> primary key(id)  -> )engine=InnoDB;  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)    mysql> show tables;  +---------------+  | Tables_in_ops |  +---------------+  | customers |  +---------------+  1 row in set (0.00 sec)    mysql> desc customers;  +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |  +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |  | name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |  | age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+  3 rows in set (0.02 sec)    mysql> insert into customers values(1,"wangbo","24");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)    mysql> insert into customers values(2,"guohui","22");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)    mysql> insert into customers values(3,"zhangheng","27");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)    mysql> select * from customers;  +----+-----------+-----+  | id | name | age |  +----+-----------+-----+  | 1 | wangbo | 24 |  | 2 | guohui | 22 |  | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |  +----+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（2）现在进行全备份

[root@vm-002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops_$(date +%F).sql.gz  Enter password:  [root@vm-002 ~]# ls /opt/backup/  ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz

参数说明：

-B：指定数据库

-F：刷新日志

-R：备份存储过程等

-x：锁表

–master-data：在备份语句里添加CHANGE MASTER语句以及binlog文件及位置点信息

（3）再次插入数据

mysql> insert into customers values(4,"liupeng","21");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)    mysql> insert into customers values(5,"xiaoda","31");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)    mysql> insert into customers values(6,"fuaiai","26");  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)    mysql> select * from customers;  +----+-----------+-----+  | id | name | age |  +----+-----------+-----+  | 1 | wangbo | 24 |  | 2 | guohui | 22 |  | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |  | 4 | liupeng | 21 | | 5 | xiaoda | 31 |  | 6 | fuaiai | 26 |  +----+-----------+-----+  6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（4）此时误操作，删除了test数据库

mysql> drop database ops;  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

此时，全备之后到误操作时刻之间，用户写入的数据在binlog中，需要恢复出来!

(5)查看全备之后新增的binlog文件

[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /opt/backup/  [root@vm-002 backup]# ls  ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz  [root@vm-002 backup]# gzip -d ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz  [root@vm-002 backup]# ls  ops_2016-09-25.sql  [root@vm-002 backup]# grep CHANGE ops_2016-09-25.sql  -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;

这是全备时刻的binlog文件位置，即mysql-bin.000002的106行，因此在该文件之前的binlog文件中的数据都已经包含在这个全备的sql文件中了

（6）移动binlog文件，并导出为sql文件，剔除其中的drop语句，查看mysql的数据存放目录，有下面可知是在/var/lib/mysql下

[root@vm-002 backup]# ps -ef|grep mysql  root 9272 1 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql  mysql 9377 9272 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  [root@vm-002 backup]# cd /var/lib/mysql/  [root@vm-002 mysql]# ls  ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index mysql.sock test  [root@vm-002 mysql]# cp mysql-bin.000002 /opt/backup/

将binlog文件导出sql文件，并vim编辑它删除其中的drop语句

[root@vm-002 backup]# mysqlbinlog -d ops mysql-bin.000002 >002bin.sql  [root@vm-002 backup]# ls 002bin.sql mysql-bin.000002 ops_2016-09-25.sql  [root@vm-002 backup]# vim 002bin.sql #删除里面的drop语句

注意：在恢复全备数据之前必须将该binlog文件移出，否则恢复过程中，会继续写入语句到binlog，最终导致增量恢复数据部分变得比较混乱

（7）恢复数据

[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p < ops_2016-09-25.sql  Enter password:  [root@vm-002 backup]#

查看数据库，看看ops库在不在

mysql> show databases;  +--------------------+  | Database |  +--------------------+  | information_schema |  | mysql |  | ops |  | test |  +--------------------+  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)    mysql> use ops;  Reading table information for completion of table and column names  You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A    Database changed  mysql> select * from customers;  +----+-----------+-----+  | id | name | age |  +----+-----------+-----+  | 1 | wangbo | 0 |  | 2 | guohui | 0 |  | 3 | zhangheng | 0 |  +----+-----------+-----+  3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时恢复了全备时刻的数据。接着，使用002bin.sql文件恢复全备时刻到删除数据库之间，新增的数据

[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p ops <002bin.sql  Enter password:  [root@vm-002 backup]#

再次查看数据库，发现全备份到删除数据库之间的那部分数据也恢复了！！

mysql> select * from customers;  +----+-----------+-----+  | id | name | age |  +----+-----------+-----+  | 1 | wangbo | 24 |  | 2 | guohui | 22 |  | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |  | 4 | liupeng | 21 |  | 5 | xiaoda | 31 |  | 6 | fuaiai | 26 |  +----+-----------+-----+  6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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