如何用python实现聊天小程序

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概要

这是一个使用python实现一个简单的聊天室的功能,里面包含群聊,私聊两种聊天方式.实现的方式是使用套接字编程的一个使用TCP协议 c/s结构的聊天室

实现思路

x01 服务端的建立

首先,在服务端,使用socket进行消息的接受,每接受一个socket的请求,就开启一个新的线程来管理消息的分发与接受,同时,又存在一个handler来管理所有的线程,从而实现对聊天室的各种功能的处理

x02 客户端的建立

客户端的建立就要比服务端简单多了,客户端的作用只是对消息的发送以及接受,以及按照特定的规则去输入特定的字符从而实现不同的功能的使用,因此,在客户端这里,只需要去使用两个线程,一个是专门用于接受消息,一个是专门用于发送消息的

至于为什么不用一个呢,那是因为,只用一个的话,当接受了消息,在发送之前接受消息的处于阻塞状态,同理,发送消息也是,那么要是将这两个功能放在一个地方实现,就会导致没有办法连续发送或者接受消息了

实现方式

服务端实现

import jsonimport threadingfrom socket import *from time import ctimeclass PyChattingServer:    __socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)    __address = ('', 12231)    __buf = 1024    def __init__(self):        self.__socket.bind(self.__address)        self.__socket.listen(20)        self.__msg_handler = ChattingHandler()    def start_session(self):        print('等待客户连接...\r\n')        try:            while True:                cs, caddr = self.__socket.accept()                # 利用handler来管理线程,实现线程之间的socket的相互通信                self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs, caddr)        except socket.error:            passclass ChattingThread(threading.Thread):    __buf = 1024    def __init__(self, cs, caddr, msg_handler):        super(ChattingThread, self).__init__()        self.__cs = cs        self.__caddr = caddr        self.__msg_handler = msg_handler    # 使用多线程管理会话    def run(self):        try:            print('...连接来自于:', self.__caddr)            data = '欢迎你到来PY_CHATTING！请输入你的很cooooool的昵称(不能带有空格哟`)\r\n'            self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data, 'utf-8'))            while True:                data = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')                if not data:                    break                self.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data, self.__cs)                print(data)        except socket.error as e:            print(e.args)            pass        finally:            self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)            self.__cs.close()class ChattingHandler:    __help_str = "[ SYSTEM ]\r\n" \                 "输入/ls,即可获得所有登陆用户信息\r\n" \                 "输入/h,即可获得帮助\r\n" \                 "输入@用户名 (注意用户名后面的空格)+消息,即可发动单聊\r\n" \                 "输入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息\r\n" \                 "再次输入/i,即可取消屏蔽\r\n" \                 "所有首字符为/的信息都不会发送出去"    __buf = 1024    __socket_list = []    __user_name_to_socket = {}    __socket_to_user_name = {}    __user_name_to_broadcast_state = {}    def start_thread(self, cs, caddr):        self.__socket_list.append(cs)        chat_thread = ChattingThread(cs, caddr, self)        chat_thread.start()    def close_conn(self, cs):        if cs not in self.__socket_list:            return        # 去除socket的记录        nickname = "SOMEONE"        if cs in self.__socket_list:            self.__socket_list.remove(cs)        # 去除socket与username之间的映射关系        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:            nickname = self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]            self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])            self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)        nickname += " "        # 广播某玩家退出聊天室        self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname + "离开了PY_CHATTING")    # 管理用户输入的信息    def handle_msg(self, msg, cs):        js = json.loads(msg)        if js['type'] == "login":            if js['msg'] not in self.__user_name_to_socket:                if ' ' in js['msg']:                    self.send_to(json.dumps({                        'type': 'login',                        'success': False,                        'msg': '账号不能够带有空格'                    }), cs)                else:                    self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']] = cs                    self.__socket_to_user_name[cs] = js['msg']                    self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']] = True                    self.send_to(json.dumps({                        'type': 'login',                        'success': True,                        'msg': '昵称建立成功,输入/ls可查看所有在线的人,输入/help可以查看帮助(所有首字符为/的消息都不会发送)'                    }), cs)                    # 广播其他人,他已经进入聊天室                    self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg'] + "已经进入了聊天室")            else:                self.send_to(json.dumps({                    'type': 'login',                    'success': False,                    'msg': '账号已存在'                }), cs)        # 若玩家处于屏蔽模式,则无法发送群聊消息        elif js['type'] == "broadcast":            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:                self.broadcast(js['msg'], cs)            else:                self.send_to(json.dumps({                    'type': 'broadcast',                    'msg': '屏蔽模式下无法发送群聊信息'                }), cs)        elif js['type'] == "ls":            self.send_to(json.dumps({                'type': 'ls',                'msg': self.get_all_login_user_info()            }), cs)        elif js['type'] == "help":            self.send_to(json.dumps({                'type': 'help',                'msg': self.__help_str            }), cs)        elif js['type'] == "sendto":            self.single_chatting(cs, js['nickname'], js['msg'])        elif js['type'] == "ignore":            self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)    def exchange_ignore_state(self, cs):        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:            state = self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]            if state:                state = False            else:                state = True            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]] = state            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:                msg = "通常模式"            else:                msg = "屏蔽模式"            self.send_to(json.dumps({                'type': 'ignore',                'success': True,                'msg': '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), "模式切换成功,现在是" + msg)            }), cs)        else:            self.send_to({                'type': 'ignore',                'success': False,                'msg': '切换失败'            }, cs)    def single_chatting(self, cs, nickname, msg):        if nickname in self.__user_name_to_socket:            msg = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ %s CHATTING TO %s ] : %s\r\n' % (                ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], nickname, msg)            self.send_to_list(json.dumps({                'type': 'single',                'msg': msg            }), self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname], cs)        else:            self.send_to(json.dumps({                'type': 'single',                'msg': '该用户不存在'            }), cs)        print(nickname)    def send_to_list(self, msg, *cs):        for i in range(len(cs)):            self.send_to(msg, cs[i])    def get_all_login_user_info(self):        login_list = "[ SYSTEM ] ALIVE USER : \r\n"        for key in self.__socket_to_user_name:            login_list += self.__socket_to_user_name[key] + ",\r\n"        return login_list    def send_to(self, msg, cs):        if cs not in self.__socket_list:            self.__socket_list.append(cs)        cs.sendall(bytes(msg, 'utf-8'))    def broadcast_system_msg(self, msg):        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), msg)        js = json.dumps({            'type': 'system_msg',            'msg': data        })        # 屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以获得系统的群发信息        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name:                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))    def broadcast(self, msg, cs):        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[%s] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], msg)        js = json.dumps({            'type': 'broadcast',            'msg': data        })        # 没有的登陆的玩家无法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也没办法获取信息        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name \                    and self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))def main():    server = PyChattingServer()    server.start_session()main()

客户端的实现

import jsonimport threadingfrom socket import *is_login = Falseis_broadcast = Trueclass ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):    __buf = 1024    def __init__(self, cs):        super(ClientReceiveThread, self).__init__()        self.__cs = cs    def run(self):        self.receive_msg()    def receive_msg(self):        while True:            msg = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')            if not msg:                break            js = json.loads(msg)            if js['type'] == "login":                if js['success']:                    global is_login                    is_login = True                print(js['msg'])            elif js['type'] == "ignore":                if js['success']:                    global is_broadcast                    if is_broadcast:                        is_broadcast = False                    else:                        is_broadcast = True                print(js['msg'])            else:                if not is_broadcast:                    print("[现在处于屏蔽模式]")                print(js['msg'])class ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):    def __init__(self, cs):        super(ClientSendMsgThread, self).__init__()        self.__cs = cs    def run(self):        self.send_msg()    # 根据不同的输入格式来进行不同的聊天方式    def send_msg(self):        while True:            js = None            msg = input()            if not is_login:                js = json.dumps({                    'type': 'login',                    'msg': msg                })            elif msg[0] == "@":                data = msg.split(' ')                if not data:                    print("请重新输入")                    break                nickname = data[0]                nickname = nickname.strip("@")                if len(data) == 1:                    data.append(" ")                js = json.dumps({                    'type': 'sendto',                    'nickname': nickname,                    'msg': data[1]                })            elif msg == "/help":                js = json.dumps({                    'type': 'help',                    'msg': None                })            elif msg == "/ls":                js = json.dumps({                    'type': 'ls',                    'msg': None                })            elif msg == "/i":                js = json.dumps({                    'type': 'ignore',                    'msg': None                })            else:                if msg[0] != '/':                    js = json.dumps({                        'type': 'broadcast',                        'msg': msg                    })            if js is not None:                self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))def main():    buf = 1024    # 改变这个的地址,变成服务器的地址,那么只要部署到服务器上就可以全网使用了    address = ("127.0.0.1", 12231)    cs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)    cs.connect(address)    data = cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")    if data:        print(data)    receive_thread = ClientReceiveThread(cs)    receive_thread.start()    send_thread = ClientSendMsgThread(cs)    send_thread.start()    while True:        passmain()

这样一个简单的聊天室就建立了。

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