自定义mysql-5.5.56版的安装路径讲义

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mysql-5.5.56版本（二进制包安装）-自定义安装路径

安装路径：/application/mysql-5.5.56

1.前期准备

mysql依赖

libaio

yum install -y libaio

创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql

useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql

下载mysql二进制包并解压

cd /toolswget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gztar -zxf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/

切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接

cd /application/mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.5.56ln -s mysql-5.5.56/ mysql

递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户

chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.5.56/

2.mysql目录内操作

cd mysql

初始化数据库

会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录

./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

更改所属用户和组

chown -R root .chown -R mysql data

除了mysql目录下的data目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root

拷贝配置文件

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

将mysql的配置文件拷贝为/etc/目录下的my.cnf

修改配置文件

sed -i 28i'log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error' /etc/my.cnf

在配置文件插入了一行，进行配置错误日志

/etc/my.cnf Content:

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.## This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with# other programs (such as a web server)## MySQL programs look for option files in a set of# locations which depend on the deployment platform.# You can copy this option file to one of those# locations. For information about these locations, see:# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html## In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program# with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients[client]#password       = your_passwordport            = 3306socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server[mysqld]port            = 3306log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.errorsocket          = /tmp/mysql.sockskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size = 16Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_open_cache = 64sort_buffer_size = 512Knet_buffer_length = 8Kread_buffer_size = 256Kread_rnd_buffer_size = 512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!##skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default)# binary logging is required for replicationlog-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommendedbinlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set# but will not function as a master if omittedserver-id       = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)## To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between# two methods :## 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -#    the syntax is:##    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,#    MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;##    where you replace , ,  by quoted strings and#     by the master's port number (3306 by default).##    Example:##    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';## OR## 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)## required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1# (and different from the master)# defaults to 2 if master-host is set# but will not function as a slave if omitted#server-id       = 2## The replication master for this slave - required#master-host     =   ## The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting# to the master - required#master-user     =   ## The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to# the master - required#master-password =   ## The port the master is listening on.# optional - defaults to 3306#master-port     =  ## binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended#log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size#innodb_log_file_size = 5M#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql]no-auto-rehash# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL#safe-updates [myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 20Msort_buffer_size = 20Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout

拷贝启动程序

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序

编辑启动文件，配置启动目录

方法一：

思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。

sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/basedir=\ndatadir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql\ndatadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysqlsed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/mysqld_pid_file_path=\n/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysqld.pid\n/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

等价于将45、46两行

basedir=datadir=mysqld_pid_file_path=替换成basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datamysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

方法二（推荐）：

思路是将脚本的默认地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替换成自定义路径（/application/mysql），便不用给变量赋值

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql

到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动

3.后期结尾

命令创建软链接

将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令

ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin

设置与修改密码

第一次设置密码：

mysqladmin -u'' password ''

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' password 'PassWord'

往后修改密码：

mysqladmin -u'' -p'' password ''

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' -p'PassWord' password 'NewPassWord'

登录mysql

[root@www mysql]# mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g....mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台  [root@www mysql]# mysql -uroot -pPassWordWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g....mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台  [root@www mysql]# mysql -u'root' -pEnter password:  #这里输入用户的密码Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g....mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台  [root@www mysql]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:  #这里输入用户的密码Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g....mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台

键入quit或Ctrl + d退出mysql环境

mysql> quitBye[root@www mysql]#ormysql> ^DBye[root@www mysql]#

4.常用命令

进入mysql

mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'mysql -uroot -pPassWord mysql -u'root' -pmysql -uroot -p

启动mysql

service mysql start

停止mysql

service mysql stop

重启mysql

service mysql restart

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