千家信息网

使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离

发表于:2024-11-15 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月15日,下文主要给大家带来使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离,希望使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离能够带给大家实际用处,这也是我编辑这篇文章的主要目的。好了,废话不多说,
千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月15日使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离

下文主要给大家带来使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离,希望使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离能够带给大家实际用处,这也是我编辑这篇文章的主要目的。好了,废话不多说,大家直接看下文吧。

mysql读写分离原理:

数据库层在高并发的情况下,i/o会产生瓶颈。而实际上用户读的请求要远远大于写的请求。

使用代理服务作为数据库前端,将不同的请求根据规则分配到不同的后端数据上面去,比如将写的请求分配给master数据库,将读的请求分配给slave数据库。master和slave可以是一个或多个做成负载均衡。master数据库再通过主从复制同步数据给slave.


环境介绍:

HostNameOSIP作用
mastercentos6.5192.168.100.150担任mysql主云服务器
salvecentos6.5192.168.100.151担任mysql从云服务器
Altascentos6.5192.168.100.152担任mysql代理
ftpcentos6.5192.168.100.100担任ftp为主从提供yum源,软件支持(可以使用公网yum源代替此主机)


1:主从安装mysql:

    [root@master ~]# yum -y install mysql-server        [root@slave ~]# yum -y install msyql-server

2:修改主从的配置文件,以支持bin_log日志记录

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 7  log-bin=mysql-bin      ##支持bin-log日志记录,bin-log日志文件名以mysql-bin开头8  server-id=150         ##服务的唯一标识符号,默认是1,这里方便记忆,我使用了ip最后一段[root@slave ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 7  server-id=151[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start   ##重启服务[root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

3:在主数据库上面授权给从复制的权限:

登陆云服务器授权

[root@master ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@"192.168.100.%" identified by '123123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;    ##刷新权限Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>

查看主服务的bin-log日志文件信息:

需要记录file 和position两栏中内容:以查到的为准。

mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 |      476 |              |                  |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4:在从云服务器上修改自己的master的数据库

登入数据库

[root@slave ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123

设置从云服务器读取master bin-log的相关信息

mysql> change master to     -> master_host='192.168.100.150',    ##master的ip    -> master_user='slave',              ##授权允许复制的用户名    -> master_password='123123',         ##授权允许复制密码    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',   ##bin-log文件名,上一步在master上查到的信息    -> master_log_pos=476;     ##偏移量,在master上查到的信息Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

启动slave

mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

插卡slave状态:


            ##查到的状态这两个为yes,下面没有error错误就正常            Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes


mysql> show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.100.150                  Master_User: slave                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 706               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 481        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 706              Relay_Log_Space: 637              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specifiedmysql>


5:测试:


在主数据库上新建库,查看库

mysql> mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || test               |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create database test_databases;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || test               || test_databases     |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在从数据库上查看库:

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || test               || test_databases     |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


在master端授权:

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@"192.168.100.%" identified by '123123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql>

在Atlas云服务器下载安装软件

[root@Atlas ~]# wget -O ./altas  https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/sharding-1.0.1/Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@Atlas ~]# lsaltas  anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog[root@Atlas ~]# file altas altas: RPM v3.0 bin i386/x86_64 Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6[root@Atlas ~]# rpm -ivh altas Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]   1:Atlas                  ########################################### [100%]

修改配置文件:

[root@Atlas ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf

需要更改的地方:

proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306
pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=   ##这里用/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 加上数据库授权的密码,生成密文密码填写在这里

生成密文密码

[root@Atlas bin]# pwd/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin[root@Atlas bin]# ./encrypt 123123++gAN07C/Q0=
daemon = true
sql-log = REALTIME
charset = utf8


全部的配置项,以及注释

#管理接口的密码admin-password = pwd#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=#设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。daemon = truekeepalive = true#工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置event-threads = 8#日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别#带#号的为非必需的配置项目#管理接口的用户名admin-username = user#管理接口的密码admin-password = pwd#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=#设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。daemon = truekeepalive = true#工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置event-threads = 8#日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别log-level = message#日志存放的路径log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log#SQL日志的开关,可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME,OFF代表不记录SQL日志,ON代表记录SQL日志,REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘,默认为OFFsql-log = REALTIME#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时,则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow(单位:ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。#sql-log-slow = 10#实例名称,用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分#instance = test#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345#分表设置,此例中person为库名,mt为表名,id为分表字段,3为子表数量,可设置多项,以逗号分隔,若不分表则不需要设置该项#tables = person.mt.id.3#默认字符集,设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句charset = utf8#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP,可以是精确IP,也可以是IP段,以逗号分隔,若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接,否则只允许列表中的IP连接#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP),若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置,否则可以不设置#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1


启动关闭代理服务:

[root@Atlas bin]# lsencrypt  mysql-binlog-dump  mysql-myisam-dump  mysql-proxy  mysql-proxyd  VERSION[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test startOK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test stopOK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test startOK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test restartOK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stoppedOK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started

查看进程:

[root@Atlas ~]# ps aux |grep mysql-proxyroot      1266  0.0  0.2  67156  1452 ?        S    19:24   0:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnfroot      1267  0.0  0.6 161460  3352 ?        Sl   19:24   0:01 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnfroot     16756  0.0  0.1 103248   876 pts/0    S+   20:55   0:00 grep mysql-proxy


安装mysql,只安装客户端。

[root@Atlas ~]# yum -y install mysql[root@Atlas ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -h 192.168.100.152 -P1234mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || test               |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> quitBye

查看日志信息:

[root@Atlas ~]# tail -f /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/test.log

2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) proxy listening on port 0.0.0.0:1234

2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) added read/write backend: 192.168.100.150:3306

2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) added read-only backend: 192.168.100.151:3306

2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) chassis-event-thread.c:235: starting 8 threads

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) chassis-unix-daemon.c:138: [angel] we try to keep PID=1267 alive

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) mysql-proxy 0.8.2 started - instance: test

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) proxy listening on port 0.0.0.0:1234

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) added read/write backend: 192.168.100.150:3306

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) added read-only backend: 192.168.100.151:3306

2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) chassis-event-thread.c:235: starting 8 threads

##可以看到读的操作都交给slave数据库了,master可以读写操作,一般是只写。


登录到管理端口:(可以对后端的mysql数据库进行管理)

[root@Atlas ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h292.168.100.152 -P2345mysql> select * from help;    ##查看管理帮助+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| command                               | description                                             |+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| SELECT * FROM help                    | shows this help                                         || SELECT * FROM backends                | lists the backends and their state                      || SET OFFLINE $backend_id               | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id || SET ONLINE $backend_id                | online backend server, ...                              || ADD MASTER $backend                   | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               || ADD SLAVE $backend                    | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                || ADD GMASTER $group_id $backend        | example: "add gmaster 1 127.0.0.1:3306", ...            || ADD GSLAVE $group_id $backend         | example: "add gslave 1 127.0.0.1:3306", ...             || REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id            | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        || REMOVE GBACKEND $group_id $backend_id | example: "remove gbackend 1 1", ...                     || SELECT * FROM clients                 | lists the clients                                       || ADD CLIENT $client                    | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  || REMOVE CLIENT $client                 | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               || SELECT * FROM pwds                    | lists the pwds                                          || ADD PWD $pwd                          | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               || ADD ENPWD $pwd                        | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       || REMOVE PWD $pwd                       | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         || SAVE CONFIG                           | save the backends to config file                        || SELECT VERSION                        | display the version of Atlas                            |+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+19 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from backends;    ##查看后端mysql状态,工作类型+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+| group_id | address              | state | type | backend_ndx |+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+|       -1 | 192.168.100.150:3306 | up    | rw   |           1 ||       -1 | 192.168.100.151:3306 | up    | ro   |           2 |+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

对于以上关于使用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离,大家是不是觉得非常有帮助。如果需要了解更多内容,请继续关注我们的行业资讯,相信你会喜欢上这些内容的。

0