Spring boot与数据持久化Spring Data JPA集成实战
数据持久化Spring Data JPA
项目集成了spring boot+spring data JPA+thymeleaf
前台代码地址:
https://blog.51cto.com/13501268/2319622
1.JPA理解:是用于管理Java EE和Java SE环境中的持久化,1.以及对象/关系映射的Java API
2.核心概念:
(1)实体:实体表示关系数据库中的表
(2)每个实体实例对应于该表中的行
(3)类必须用javas.persistence.Entity注解
(4)类必须有一个public或protected的的无参构造函数
(5)实体实例被当做值以分离对象方式进行传递(例如通过会话bean的远程业务接口),则该类必须实现Serializable接口
(6)唯一的对象标识符:简单主键(javax.persistence.Id),复合主键(javax.persistence.Embeddedld和javax.persistence.IdClass)
3.关系:
(1)一对一:@OneToOne
(2)一对多:@OneToMany
(3)多对一:@ManyToOne
(4)多对多:@ManyToMany
4.EntityManager接口:
(1)定义用于与持久化上下文进行交互的方法
(2)创建和删除持久化实例,通过实体的主键查找实体
5.Spring Data JPA:
(1)是更大的Spring Data家族的一部分
(2)对基于JPA的数据访问层的增强支持
(3)更容易构建基于使用Spring数据访问技术栈的应用
6.Spring Data JPA常用接口:
(1)CurdRepository:
(2)PagingAndSortingRepository:
7.Spring Data JPA自定义接口:
(1)根据方法名查询,方法名命名一定要遵循规则
8.Spring Data JPA,Hibernate与Spring Boot的集成
(1)环境配置:MySql数据库,Hibernate框架,以及Mysql连接驱动
(2)修改pom.xml文件,添加Spring Data JPA以及数据库连接驱动的依赖:
4.0.0 com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog spring.data.action 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT jar spring.data.action Demo project for Spring Boot org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.1.0.RELEASE UTF-8 UTF-8 1.8 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-data-jpa org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web org.springframework.boot spring-boot-devtools org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test mysql mysql-connector-java 5.1.46 org.hibernate hibernate-core 5.3.7.Final org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
(3)启动项目进行测试,我们发现项目正常启动,说明我们的环境已经配置好了
9.集成后台编码:
(1)User实体:加@Entity注解,唯一标识@Id注解,制定主键生成策略,无参构造改造为protected,防止直接使用,加toString方法,实现Serializable接口;
package com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.entity;import java.io.Serializable;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.GenerationType;import javax.persistence.Id;/** * user实体 * * @author QT */@Entitypublic class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 516988700978313579L; @Id // 主键 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增策略 private Long id; // 用户的唯一标识 private String name; // 用户名 private String email; // 用户邮箱 protected User() { // 防止直接使用 super(); } public User(Long id, String name, String email) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.email = email; } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", email=" + email + "]"; }}
(2)资源库:写userRepository接口继承JpaRepository接口
package com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.repository;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.entity.User;/** * User Repository接口 * @author QT * */@Repositorypublic interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository{}
(3)编写userController类,用于与前台进行交互
package com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.web.user;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.entity.User;import com.dhtt.spring.boot.blog.spring.data.action.repository.UserRepository;@Controller@RequestMapping("/users")public class userController { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; /** * 查询所有用户 * * @param model * @return */ @GetMapping public ModelAndView getList(Model model) { model.addAttribute("userList", userRepository.findAll()); model.addAttribute("title", "用户管理"); return new ModelAndView("users/list", "userModel", model); } /** * 根据Id查询用户 * * @param id * @param model * @return */ @GetMapping("{id}") public ModelAndView view(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Model model) { User user = userRepository.getOne(id); model.addAttribute("user", user); model.addAttribute("title", "用户查询"); return new ModelAndView("users/view", "userModel", model); } /** * 创建用户 * * @param id * @param model * @return */ @GetMapping("/form") public ModelAndView createForm(Model model) { model.addAttribute("user", new User(null, null, null)); model.addAttribute("title", "创建用户"); return new ModelAndView("users/form", "userModel", model); } /** * 新增或修改用户 * * @param user * @return */ @PostMapping public ModelAndView saveOrUpdateUser(User user) { user = userRepository.save(user); return new ModelAndView("redirect:/users", "userModel", user); } /** * 获取删除用户 * * @param id * @return */ @GetMapping("/delete/{id}") public ModelAndView deleteUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { userRepository.deleteById(id);; return new ModelAndView("redirect:/users"); // 重定向到list页面 } /** * 获取修改用户界面 * * @param id * @param model * @return */ @GetMapping("/modify/{id}") public ModelAndView modify(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Model model) { User user = userRepository.getOne(id); model.addAttribute("user", user); model.addAttribute("title", "修改用户"); return new ModelAndView("users/form", "userModel", model); }}
前台与上一个项目一样,直接粘贴复制就好
前台代码项目地址:
https://blog.51cto.com/13501268/2319622
接下里,启动项目,项目运行正常说明集成成功,下一步我们就将数据进行持久化到数据库中
10.将数据持久化到数据库中
(1)进行数据库配置,配置文件如下
#thymeleaf配置spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8#热部署静态文件,不需要缓存,实时观察文件修改效果spring.thymeleaf.cache=false#使用html5标准spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.htmlspring.resources.chain.strategy.content.enabled=true#数据库连接配置spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/blog_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=falsespring.datasource.username=rootspring.datasource.password=qitao1996spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver#jpa配置spring.jpa.show-sql=truespring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create-drop
(2)接下来启动数据库,建立数据库
接下来我们启动项目进行操作,我们会发现数据库表成功创建,也可以操作表中数据
至此,Spring boot+Spring Data Jpa+mevan+Thymeleaf集成成功完成