Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些

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一般情况下，数据库安装时选择的是默认NOARCHIVELOG模式。如果要开启ARCHIVELOG模式，则需要为归档日志路径设置初始化参数。

归档日志路径可以配置一个也可以配置多个。路径可以是本地路径，如本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组；也可以是远程路径，如备份数据库。设置多个归档日志路径，可以对归档日志做冗余，即使有一个目标盘损坏，也可以保证归档日志是可用的。

在配置参数时，归档日志的路径可以动态修改，在下一次日志切换的时候生效。

这里给出3种常用的归档路径的设置方案：单一归档路径方案、两路归档路径方案和多路归档路径的方案。

方案1：单一归档路径

如果只设置单一的归档目录，默认使用db_recovery_file_dest参数，使用Fast Recovery Area存放归档数据；也可手工配置log_archive_dest初始化参数，可以配置为本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组。使用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。

具体操作如下：

--如果使用fast recovery area存放归档日志，需要注意该区域有大小限制，建议将大小调大SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME         TYPE  VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------db_recovery_file_dest       string  /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ areadb_recovery_file_dest_size      big integer 4182MSYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G;              System altered. SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME         TYPE  VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------db_recovery_file_dest       string  /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ areadb_recovery_file_dest_size      big integer 10G

--如果使用本地路径存放归档日志，需要将db_recovery_file_dest参数置空，然后设置log_archive_dest参数。这里给出的是本地文件系统例子，读者可自行测试ASM磁盘组。SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive'; System altered.

需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n和DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：

SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'*ERROR at line 1:ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalidORA-16018: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n orDB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

此时，可以看到trace日志的变化，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值自动调整过程。其中，在使用Fast Recovery Area归档的情况下，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值为USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST。

Tue Dec 18 17:48:24 2018ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='10G' SCOPE=BOTH;Tue Dec 18 17:52:13 2018Cleared LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default valueUsing LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/archALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='' SCOPE=BOTH;Tue Dec 18 17:52:28 2018ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive' SCOPE=BOTH;

--首先创建新的归档路径[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive

--此时对日志进行切换，触发写归档日志SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;System altered.

--查看新生成的归档日志[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archivetotal 11960-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf

trace日志中也可以看到LGWR switch操作

Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 26Private strand flush not complete  Current log# 1 seq# 25 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.logThread 1 advanced to log sequence 26 (LGWR switch)  Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.logTue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018Archived Log entry 20 added for thread 1 sequence 25 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:

方案2：两路归档路径

如果要设置两路归档路径，常用的方案是配置log_archive_dest和log_archive_duplex_dest参数。用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。

具体操作如下：

--创建新的归档路径[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive1

--设置log_archive_duplex_dest参数路径并切换日志触发写归档日志SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive1'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.

--查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archivetotal 15704-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive1total 3744-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf

查看trace日志，可以看到LGWR switch操作，然后分别在两个目录下写归档。

Tue Dec 18 18:30:01 2018Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 27Private strand flush not complete  Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.logThread 1 advanced to log sequence 27 (LGWR switch)  Current log# 3 seq# 27 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.logTue Dec 18 18:30:02 2018Archived Log entry 21 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:Archived Log entry 22 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:

方案3：多路归档路径

如果要设置多路归档路径，需要使用log_archive_dest_n参数，其中，n的取值为1到31的整数，也就是说，可以指定1到31个独立的路径作为归档日志的路径。

log_archive_dest_n参数的取值可以选择LOCATION或SERVIDE关键字。如果使用LOCATION关键字，可以选择本地文件系统、ASM磁盘组或USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST代表的闪回恢复区；如果使用SERVICE关键字，可以选择备库的网络连接标识符连接备份数据库。

具体操作如下：

--创建本地归档目录[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive2[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive3

--配置log_archive_dest_n参数SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive2'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive3'; System altered.

需要注意置空的顺序，以免出现如下错误

SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='';alter system set log_archive_dest=''*ERROR at line 1:ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalidORA-16022: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST cannot be NULL because LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST isnon-NULL

需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：

SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'*ERROR at line 1:ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalidORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST orLOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

--切换日志，触发写归档日志SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.

查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。

[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive2total 5440-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive3total 5440-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf

查看trace日志，看到错误提示，提示DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST未设置值

Tue Dec 18 19:23:59 2018Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc:ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not setErrors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc:ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 destination string cannot be translatedORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not setArchived Log entry 25 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:Archived Log entry 26 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:

为DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数配置数值，切换日志

SYS@cams> alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';               System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.

查看trace日志信息，最后可看到同时写入了3个归档路径

Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018**********************************************************WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_destthat are not known to the database. Use the RMAN commandCATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files.If files cannot be cataloged, then manually delete themusing OS command.One of the following events caused this:1. A backup controlfile was restored.2. A standby controlfile was restored.3. The controlfile was re-created.4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and   then disabled.**********************************************************ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' SCOPE=BOTH;Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018db_recovery_file_dest_size of 10240 MB is 5.63% used. This is auser-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by thisdatabase for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount ofspace available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 30Private strand flush not complete  Current log# 2 seq# 29 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.logThread 1 advanced to log sequence 30 (LGWR switch)  Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.logTue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018Archived Log entry 27 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:Archived Log entry 28 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:Tue Dec 18 19:33:38 2018Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 31Private strand flush not complete  Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.logThread 1 advanced to log sequence 31 (LGWR switch)  Current log# 1 seq# 31 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.logTue Dec 18 19:33:39 2018Expanded controlfile section 11 from 28 to 62 recordsRequested to grow by 34 records; added 2 blocks of recordsArchived Log entry 29 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:Archived Log entry 30 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:Archived Log entry 31 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:

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