密码系统AES私钥RSA公钥加解密的方法

今天小编给大家分享一下密码系统AES私钥RSA公钥加解密的方法的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。

前言

密钥是成对存在的，加密和解密是采用不同的密钥（公开密钥），也就是非对称密钥密码系统，每个通信方均需要两个密钥，即公钥和私钥，使用公钥进行加密操作，使用私钥进行解密操作。公钥是公开的，不需要保密，而私钥是由个人自己持有，并且必须妥善保管和注意保密。密码学里面博大精深，下面的实例仅供参考

百科的诠释

公钥（Public Key）与私钥（Private Key）是通过一种算法得到的一个密钥对（即一个公钥和一个私钥），公钥是密钥对中公开的部分，私钥则是非公开的部分。公钥通常用于加密会话密钥、验证数字签名，或加密可以用相应的私钥解密的数据。通过这种算法得到的密钥对能保证在世界范围内是唯一的。使用这个密钥对的时候，如果用其中一个密钥加密一段数据，必须用另一个密钥解密。比如用公钥加密数据就必须用私钥解密，如果用私钥加密也必须用公钥解密，否则解密将不会成功。

java使用公私钥加解密的实例

仅供参考

/**     * 数据加密 plainTextData要加密的字符串     * @param plainTextData     * @return     * @throws Exception     */    public static Map encrypt(String plainTextData)            throws Exception {        HashMap result = new HashMap();        // keySpec 生成对称密钥        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");        keyGenerator.init(128);        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();        SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getEncoded(), "AES");        // RSA 用对方公钥对'对称密钥'进行加密        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");        String keyFilePathName = pertery.getProperty("bsbank_Key_path")+"PublicKey.keystore";        cipher.init(Cipher.WRAP_MODE,                loadPublicKeyByStr(loadKeyByFile(keyFilePathName)));        byte[] wrappedKey = cipher.wrap(keySpec);        result.put("wrappedKey", Base64.encodeBase64String(wrappedKey));        // 加密数据        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);        byte[] encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(plainTextData.getBytes("UTF-8"));        result.put("encryptedData", Base64.encodeBase64String(encryptedData));        return result;    }    /**     * 数据解密 encryptedData     * @param encryptedData     * @return     * @throws Exception     */    public static Map decrypt(Map encryptedData)            throws Exception {        // 获取密钥        byte[] wrappedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedData.get("wrappedKey")                .toString());        HashMap result = new HashMap();        // RSA解密密钥        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");        String keyFilePathName = pertery.getProperty("bsbank_Key_path")+"privateKey.keystore";//使用对方的私钥解密        cipher.init(Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE,                loadPrivateKeyByStr(loadKeyByFile(keyFilePathName)));        Key key = cipher.unwrap(wrappedKey, "AES", Cipher.SECRET_KEY);        // 解密数据        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);        byte[] decryptedData = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedData                .get("encryptedData").toString()));        result.put("decryptedData", new String(decryptedData, "UTF-8"));        result.put("wrappedKey", Base64.encodeBase64String(wrappedKey));        return result;    }    private static String loadKeyByFile(String filePathName) throws Exception {        BufferedReader br = null;        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();        try {            br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePathName));            String readLine = null;            while ((readLine = br.readLine()) != null) {                sb.append(readLine);            }        } catch (Exception e) {            throw e;        } finally {            if (null != br) {                br.close();            }        }        return sb.toString();    }    private static RSAPublicKey loadPublicKeyByStr(String publicKeyStr)            throws Exception {        RSAPublicKey publicKey = null;        try {            byte[] buffer = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKeyStr);            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer);            publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);        } catch (Exception e) {            logger.error("failed to load pubKey", e);            throw e;        }        return publicKey;    }    private static RSAPrivateKey loadPrivateKeyByStr(String privateKeyStr)            throws Exception {        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = null;        try {            byte[] buffer = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKeyStr);            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);            privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);        } catch (Exception e) {            logger.error("failed to loadPrivateKeyByStr", e);            throw e;        }        return privateKey;    }    /**     * 输出公私钥对     * @param filePath     * @throws Exception     */    private static void genKeyPair(String filePath) throws Exception {        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = null;        try {            keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {            logger.error("failed to do key gen", e);            throw e;        }        keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();        try {            String publicKeyString = Base64.encodeBase64String(publicKey                    .getEncoded());            String privateKeyString = Base64.encodeBase64String(privateKey                    .getEncoded());            FileWriter pubfw = new FileWriter(filePath + "/PublicKey.keystore");            FileWriter prifw = new FileWriter(filePath + "/PrivateKey.keystore");            BufferedWriter pubbw = new BufferedWriter(pubfw);            BufferedWriter pribw = new BufferedWriter(prifw);            pubbw.write(publicKeyString);            pribw.write(privateKeyString);            pubbw.flush();            pubbw.close();            pubfw.close();            pribw.flush();            pribw.close();            prifw.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            logger.error("failed to genKeypair", e);        }    }

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