Python有哪些实用脚本

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1.解决 linux 下 unzip 乱码的问题。

import os import sys import zipfile import argparse s = '\\x1b[%d;%dm%s\\x1b[0m'  def unzip(path):  file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r")  if args.secret:  file.setpassword(args.secret)  for name in file.namelist():  try:  utf8name=name.decode('gbk')  pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)  except:  utf8name=name  pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)  #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name  #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)  if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "":  os.makedirs(pathname)  data = file.read(name)  if not os.path.exists(utf8name):  try:  fo = open(utf8name, "w")  fo.write(data)  fo.close  except:  pass  file.close() def main(argv):  ######################################################  # for argparse  p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解决unzip乱码')  p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \  help='命令对象.')  p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \  default=None, help='密码')  global args  args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])  xxx = args.xxx  for path in xxx:  if path.endswith('.zip'):  if os.path.exists(path):  print s % (1, 97, ' ++ unzip:'), path  unzip(path)  else:  print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\'t exist.'), path  else:  print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\'t a zip file.'), path if __name__ == '__main__':  argv = sys.argv  main(argv)

2.统计当前根目录代码行数。

# coding=utf-8 import os import time # 设定根目录 basedir = './' filelists = [] # 指定想要统计的文件类型 whitelist = ['cpp', 'h'] #遍历文件, 递归遍历文件夹中的所有 def getFile(basedir):  global filelists  for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir):  for filename in filenames:  ext = filename.split('.')[-1]  #只统计指定的文件类型，略过一些log和cache文件  if ext in whitelist:  filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename)) #统计一个的行数 def countLine(fname):  count = 0  # 把文件做二进制看待,read.  for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines():  if file_line != '' and file_line != '\n': #过滤掉空行  count += 1  print (fname + '----' , count)  return count if __name__ == '__main__' :  startTime = time.clock()  getFile(basedir)  totalline = 0  for filelist in filelists:  totalline = totalline + countLine(filelist)  print ('total lines:',totalline)  print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))

3.扫描当前目录和所有子目录并显示大小。

import os import sys  try:  directory = sys.argv[1]  except IndexError:  sys.exit("Must provide an argument.") dir_size = 0  fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1,  'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024,  'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024),  'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)} for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory):   for file in files:   filename = os.path.join(path, file)  dir_size += os.path.getsize(filename)  fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) + " " + key for key in fsizedicr]  if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty")  else:  for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]:   print ("Folder Size: " + units)

4.将源目录240天以上的所有文件移动到目标目录。

import shutil import sys import time import os import argparse usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]' description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days' args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description) args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory') args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.') args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.') args = args_parser.parse_args() if args.days < 0:     args.days = 0 src = args.src # 设置源目录 dst = args.dst # 设置目标目录 days = args.days # 设置天数 now = time.time() # 获得当前时间 if not os.path.exists(dst):     os.mkdir(dst) for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍历源目录所有文件  if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判断是否超过240天  if os.path.isfile(f): # 检查是否是文件  shutil.move(f, dst) # 移动文件

5.扫描脚本目录，并给出不同类型脚本的计数。

import os     import shutil             from time import strftime                                                logsdir="c:\logs\puttylogs"    zipdir="c:\logs\puttylogs\zipped_logs"                           zip_program="zip.exe"                                                for files in os.listdir(logsdir):               if files.endswith(".log"):                                               files1=files+"."+strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".zip"                 os.chdir(logsdir)                                                        os.system(zip_program + " " + files1 +" "+ files)            shutil.move(files1, zipdir)           os.remove(files)

6.下载Leetcode的算法题。

import sys import re import os import argparse import requests from lxml import html as lxml_html try:  import html except ImportError:  import HTMLParser  html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser() try:  import cPickle as pk except ImportError:  import pickle as pk class LeetcodeProblems(object):  def get_problems_info(self):  leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms'  res = requests.get(leetcode_url)  if not res.ok:  print('request error')  sys.exit()  cm = res.text  cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2]  indexs = re.findall(r'(\d+)', cmt)  problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' + url \  for url in re.findall(  r'(.+?)", cmt)  tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls)  assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels))  infos = []  for info in tinfos:  res = requests.get(info[-1])  if not res.ok:  print('request error')  sys.exit()  tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text)  title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0]  description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content')  if not description:  description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0]  else:  description = description[0]  description = html.unescape(description.strip())  tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()')  infos.append(  {  'title': title,  'level': info[1],  'index': int(info[0]),  'description': description,  'tags': tags  }  )  with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g:  pk.dump(infos, g)  return infos  def to_text(self, pm_infos):  if self.args.index:  key = 'index'  elif self.args.title:  key = 'title'  elif self.args.tag:  key = 'tags'  elif self.args.level:  key = 'level'  else:  key = 'index'  infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key])  text_template = '## {index} - {title}\n' \  '~{level}~ {tags}\n' \  '{description}\n' + '\n' * self.args.line  text = ''  for info in infos:  if self.args.rm_blank:  info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\n\r]+', r'\n', info['description'])  text += text_template.format(**info)  with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g:  g.write(text)  def run(self):  if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload:  with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f:  pm_infos = pk.load(f)  else:  pm_infos = self.get_problems_info()  print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos))  self.to_text(pm_infos) def handle_args(argv):  p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location')  p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index')  p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level')  p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag')  p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title')  p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank')  p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems')  p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data')  args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])  return args def main(argv):  args = handle_args(argv)  x = LeetcodeProblems()  x.args = args  x.run() if __name__ == '__main__':  argv = sys.argv  main(argv)

7.将 Markdown 转换为 HTML。

import sys import os from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import markdown class MarkdownToHtml:  headTag = ''  def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None):  if cssFilePath != None:  self.genStyle(cssFilePath)  def genStyle(self,cssFilePath):  with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f:  cssString = f.read()  self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] + ''.format(cssString) + self.headTag[-7:]  def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None):  if not destinationDirectory:  # 未定义输出目录则将源文件目录(注意要转换为绝对路径)作为输出目录  destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath))  if not outputFileName:  # 未定义输出文件名则沿用输入文件名  outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] + '.html'  if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/':  destinationDirectory += '/'  with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f:  markdownText = f.read()  # 编译出原始 HTML 文本  rawHtml = self.headTag + markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5')  # 格式化 HTML 文本为可读性更强的格式  beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify()  with open(destinationDirectory + outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:  f.write(beautifyHtml) if __name__ == "__main__":  mth = MarkdownToHtml()  # 做一个命令行参数列表的浅拷贝，不包含脚本文件名  argv = sys.argv[1:]  # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路径之外的元素（即选项信息）  # 程序最后遍历列表 argv 进行编译 markdown 时，列表中的元素必须全部是源文件路径  outputDirectory = None  if '-s' in argv:  cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') +1  cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex]  # 检测样式表文件路径是否有效  if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath):  print('Invalid Path: '+cssFilePath)  sys.exit()  mth.genStyle(cssFilePath)  # pop 顺序不能随意变化  argv.pop(cssArgIndex)  argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1)  if '-o' in argv:  dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') +1  outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex]  # 检测输出目录是否有效  if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory):  print('Invalid Directory: ' + outputDirectory)  sys.exit()  # pop 顺序不能随意变化  argv.pop(dirArgIndex)  argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1)  # 至此，列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路径  # 遍历所有源文件路径  for filePath in argv:  # 判断文件路径是否有效  if os.path.isfile(filePath):  mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory)  else:  print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)

8.文本文件编码检测与转换。

import sys import os import argparse from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件编码检测与转换') parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = '+',  help = '检测或转换的文件路径') parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8',  help = ''' 目标编码。支持的编码有： ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM), UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620 ''') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',  help = '输出目录') # 解析参数，得到一个 Namespace 对象 args = parser.parse_args() # 输出目录不为空即视为开启转换, 若未指定转换编码，则默认为 UTF-8 if args.output != None:  if not args.encoding:  # 默认使用编码 UTF-8  args.encoding = 'UTF-8'  # 检测用户提供的输出目录是否有效  if not os.path.isdir(args.output):  print('Invalid Directory: ' + args.output)  sys.exit()  else:  if args.output[-1] != '/':  args.output += '/' # 实例化一个通用检测器 detector = UniversalDetector() print() print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path') for filePath in args.filePaths:  # 检测文件路径是否有效，无效则跳过  if not os.path.isfile(filePath):  print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)  continue  # 重置检测器  detector.reset()  # 以二进制模式读取文件  for each in open(filePath, 'rb'):  # 检测器读取数据  detector.feed(each)  # 若检测完成则跳出循环  if detector.done:  break  # 关闭检测器  detector.close()  # 读取结果  charEncoding = detector.result['encoding']  confidence = detector.result['confidence']  # 打印信息  if charEncoding is None:  charEncoding = 'Unknown'  confidence = 0.99  print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8),  '('+str(confidence*100)+'%)', filePath))  if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6:  # 若未设置输出目录则覆盖源文件  outputPath = args.output + os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath  with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f:  temp = f.read()  with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f:  f.write(temp)

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