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zookeeper中怎么存储Kafka

发表于：2025-01-24 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月24日，zookeeper中怎么存储Kafka，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。一、Kafka在zookeeper中存储结构图二、分

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月24日zookeeper中怎么存储Kafka

zookeeper中怎么存储Kafka，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。

一、Kafka在zookeeper中存储结构图

二、分析

2.1　topic注册信息

/brokers/topics/[topic] :

存储某个topic的partitions所有分配信息

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] get /brokers/topics/topic2

Schema:{    "version": "版本编号目前固定为数字1",    "partitions": {        "partitionId编号": [            同步副本组brokerId列表        ],        "partitionId编号": [            同步副本组brokerId列表        ],        .......    }}Example:{"version": 1,"partitions": {"2": [1, 2, 3],"1": [0, 1, 2],"0": [3, 0, 1],}}

Schema:{"controller_epoch": 表示kafka集群中的中央控制器选举次数,"leader": 表示该partition选举leader的brokerId,"version": 版本编号默认为1,"leader_epoch": 该partition leader选举次数,"isr": [同步副本组brokerId列表]} Example:{"controller_epoch": 1,"leader": 3,"version": 1,"leader_epoch": 0,"isr": [3, 0, 1]}

Schema:{"jmx_port": jmx端口号,"timestamp": kafka broker初始启动时的时间戳,"host": 主机名或ip地址,"version": 版本编号默认为1,"port": kafka broker的服务端端口号,由server.properties中参数port确定} Example:{"jmx_port": -1,"timestamp":"1525741823119""version": 1,"host": "hadoop1","port": 9092}

2.5　Controller注册信息

/controller -> int (broker id of the controller) 存储center controller中央控制器所在kafka broker的信息

Schema:{"version": 版本编号默认为1,"brokerid": kafka集群中broker唯一编号,"timestamp": kafka broker中央控制器变更时的时间戳} Example:{"version": 1,"brokerid": 0,"timestamp": "1525741822769"}

a.每个consumer客户端被创建时,会向zookeeper注册自己的信息;
b.此作用主要是为了"负载均衡".
c.同一个Consumer Group中的Consumers，Kafka将相应Topic中的每个消息只发送给其中一个Consumer。
d.Consumer Group中的每个Consumer读取Topic的一个或多个Partitions，并且是唯一的Consumer；
e.一个Consumer group的多个consumer的所有线程依次有序地消费一个topic的所有partitions,如果Consumer group中所有consumer总线程大于partitions数量，则会出现空闲情况;

举例说明：

kafka集群中创建一个topic为report-log 4 partitions 索引编号为0,1,2,3

假如有目前有三个消费者node：注意-->一个consumer中一个消费线程可以消费一个或多个partition.

如果每个consumer创建一个consumer thread线程,各个node消费情况如下，node1消费索引编号为0,1分区，node2费索引编号为2,node3费索引编号为3

如果每个consumer创建2个consumer thread线程，各个node消费情况如下(是从consumer node先后启动状态来确定的)，node1消费索引编号为0,1分区；node2费索引编号为2,3；node3为空闲状态

总结：
从以上可知，Consumer Group中各个consumer是根据先后启动的顺序有序消费一个topic的所有partitions的。

如果Consumer Group中所有consumer的总线程数大于partitions数量，则可能consumer thread或consumer会出现空闲状态。

2.7　Consumer均衡算法

当一个group中,有consumer加入或者离开时,会触发partitions均衡.均衡的最终目的,是提升topic的并发消费能力.
1) 假如topic1,具有如下partitions: P0,P1,P2,P3
2) 加入group中,有如下consumer: C0,C1
3) 首先根据partition索引号对partitions排序: P0,P1,P2,P3
4) 根据(consumer.id + '-'+ thread序号)排序: C0,C1
5) 计算倍数: M = [P0,P1,P2,P3].size / [C0,C1].size,本例值M=2(向上取整)
6) 然后依次分配partitions: C0 = [P0,P1],C1=[P2,P3],即Ci = [P(i * M),P((i + 1) * M -1)]

2.8　Consumer注册信息

每个consumer都有一个唯一的ID(consumerId可以通过配置文件指定,也可以由系统生成),此id用来标记消费者信息.

/consumers/[groupId]/ids/[consumerIdString]

是一个临时的znode,此节点的值为请看consumerIdString产生规则,即表示此consumer目前所消费的topic + partitions列表.

consumerId产生规则：

StringconsumerUuid = null;
if(config.consumerId!=null && config.consumerId)
consumerUuid = consumerId;
else {
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID()
consumerUuid = "%s-%d-%s".format(
InetAddress.getLocalHost.getHostName, System.currentTimeMillis,
uuid.getMostSignificantBits().toHexString.substring(0,8));
}
String consumerIdString = config.groupId + "_" + consumerUuid;

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] get /consumers/console-consumer-2304/ids/console-consumer-2304_hadoop2-1525747915241-6b48ff32

Schema:{"version": 版本编号默认为1,"subscription": { //订阅topic列表"topic名称": consumer中topic消费者线程数},"pattern": "static","timestamp": "consumer启动时的时间戳"} Example:{"version": 1,"subscription": {"topic2": 1},"pattern": "white_list","timestamp": "1525747915336"}

2.10　Consumer offset

/consumers/[groupId]/offsets/[topic]/[partitionId] -> long (offset)

用来跟踪每个consumer目前所消费的partition中最大的offset

此znode为持久节点,可以看出offset跟group_id有关,以表明当消费者组(consumer group)中一个消费者失效,

重新触发balance,其他consumer可以继续消费.

2.11　Re-assign partitions

/admin/reassign_partitions

{   "fields":[      {         "name":"version",         "type":"int",         "doc":"version id"      },      {         "name":"partitions",         "type":{            "type":"array",            "items":{               "fields":[                  {                     "name":"topic",                     "type":"string",                     "doc":"topic of the partition to be reassigned"                  },                  {                     "name":"partition",                     "type":"int",                     "doc":"the partition to be reassigned"                  },                  {                     "name":"replicas",                     "type":"array",                     "items":"int",                     "doc":"a list of replica ids"                  }               ],            }            "doc":"an array of partitions to be reassigned to new replicas"         }      }   ]} Example:{  "version": 1,  "partitions":     [        {            "topic": "Foo",            "partition": 1,            "replicas": [0, 1, 3]        }     ]            }

{   "fields":[      {         "name":"version",         "type":"int",         "doc":"version id"      },      {         "name":"partitions",         "type":{            "type":"array",            "items":{               "fields":[                  {                     "name":"topic",                     "type":"string",                     "doc":"topic of the partition for which preferred replica election should be triggered"                  },                  {                     "name":"partition",                     "type":"int",                     "doc":"the partition for which preferred replica election should be triggered"                  }               ],            }            "doc":"an array of partitions for which preferred replica election should be triggered"         }      }   ]} 例子: {  "version": 1,  "partitions":     [        {            "topic": "Foo",            "partition": 1                 },        {            "topic": "Bar",            "partition": 0                 }     ]            }

Schema:{ "fields":    [ {"name": "version", "type": "int", "doc": "version id"},      {"name": "topics",       "type": { "type": "array", "items": "string", "doc": "an array of topics to be deleted"}      } ]} 例子:{  "version": 1,  "topics": ["foo", "bar"]}