怎么使用Laravel命令

这篇文章主要介绍"怎么使用Laravel命令"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在怎么使用Laravel命令问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答"怎么使用Laravel命令"的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

Laravel 速查表

项目命令

// 创建新项目$ laravel new projectName// 运行 服务/项目$ php artisan serve// 查看指令列表$ php artisan list// 帮助$ php artisan help migrate// Laravel 控制台$ php artisan tinker// 查看路由列表$ php artisan route:list

公共指令

// 数据库迁移$ php artisan migrate// 数据填充$ php artisan db:seed// 创建数据表迁移文件$ php artisan make:migration create_products_table// 生成模型选项: // -m (migration), -c (controller), -r (resource controllers), -f (factory), -s (seed)$ php artisan make:model Product -mcf// 生成控制器$ php artisan make:controller ProductsController// 表更新字段$ php artisan make:migration add_date_to_blogposts_table// 回滚上一次迁移php artisan migrate:rollback// 回滚所有迁移php artisan migrate:reset// 回滚所有迁移并刷新php artisan migrate:refresh// 回滚所有迁移，刷新并生成数据php artisan migrate:refresh --seed

创建和更新数据表

// 创建数据表$ php artisan make:migration create_products_table// 创建数据表（迁移示例）Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {    // 自增主键    $table->id();    // created_at 和 updated_at 字段    $table->timestamps();    // 唯一约束    $table->string('modelNo')->unique();    // 非必要    $table->text('description')->nullable();    // 默认值    $table->boolean('isActive')->default(true);     // 索引    $table->index(['account_id', 'created_at']);    // 外键约束    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');});// 更新表（迁移示例）$ php artisan make:migration add_comment_to_products_table// up()Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {    $table->text('comment');});// down()Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {    $table->dropColumn('comment');});

模型

// 模型质量指定列表排除属性protected $guarded = []; // empty == All// 或者包含属性的列表protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password',];// 一对多关系 (一条帖子对应多条评论)public function comments() {    return $this->hasMany(Comment:class); }// 一对多关系 (多条评论在一条帖子下) public function post() {                                return $this->belongTo(Post::class); }// 一对一关系 (作者和个人简介)public function profile() {    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class); }// 一对一关系 (个人简介和作者) public function author() {                                return $this->belongTo(Author::class); }// 多对多关系// 3 张表 (帖子, 标签和帖子-标签)// 帖子-标签：post_tag (post_id, tag_id)// 「标签」模型中...public function posts()    {        return $this->belongsToMany(Post::class);    }// 帖子模型中...public function tags()    {        return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class);    }

Factory

// 例子: database/factories/ProductFactory.phppublic function definition() {    return [        'name' => $this->faker->text(20),        'price' => $this->faker->numberBetween(10, 10000),    ];}// 所有 fakers 选项 : https://github.com/fzaninotto/Faker

Seed

// 例子: database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.phppublic function run() {    Product::factory(10)->create();}

运行 Seeders

$ php artisan db:seed// 或者 migration 时执行$ php artisan migrate --seed

Eloquent ORM

// 新建 $flight = new Flight;$flight->name = $request->name;$flight->save();// 更新 $flight = Flight::find(1);$flight->name = 'New Flight Name';$flight->save();// 创建$user = User::create(['first_name' => 'Taylor','last_name' => 'Otwell']); // 更新所有:  Flight::where('active', 1)->update(['delayed' => 1]);// 删除 $current_user = User::Find(1)$current_user.delete(); // 根据 id 删除:  User::destroy(1);// 删除所有$deletedRows = Flight::where('active', 0)->delete();// 获取所有$items = Item::all(). // 根据主键查询一条记录$flight = Flight::find(1);// 如果不存在显示 404$model = Flight::findOrFail(1); // 获取最后一条记录$items = Item::latest()->get()// 链式 $flights = App\Flight::where('active', 1)->orderBy('name', 'desc')->take(10)->get();// WhereTodo::where('id', $id)->firstOrFail()  // Like Todos::where('name', 'like', '%' . $my . '%')->get()// Or whereTodos::where('name', 'mike')->orWhere('title', '=', 'Admin')->get();// Count$count = Flight::where('active', 1)->count();// Sum$sum = Flight::where('active', 1)->sum('price');// Contain?if ($project->$users->contains('mike'))

路由

// 基础闭包路由Route::get('/greeting', function () {    return 'Hello World';});// 视图路由快捷方式Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome');// 路由到控制器use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;Route::get('/user', [UserController::class, 'index']);// 仅针对特定 HTTP 动词的路由Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {    //});// 响应所有 HTTP 请求的路由Route::any('/', function () {    //});// 重定向路由Route::redirect('/clients', '/customers');// 路由参数Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {    return 'User '.$id;});// 可选参数Route::get('/user/{name?}', function ($name = 'John') {    return $name;});// 路由命名Route::get(    '/user/profile',    [UserProfileController::class, 'show'])->name('profile');// 资源路由Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class);GET /photos index   photos.indexGET /photos/create  create  photos.createPOST    /photos store   photos.storeGET /photos/{photo} show    photos.showGET /photos/{photo}/edit    edit    photos.editPUT/PATCH   /photos/{photo} update  photos.updateDELETE  /photos/{photo} destroy photos.destroy// 完整资源路由Route::resource('photos.comments', PhotoCommentController::class);// 部分资源路由Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->only([    'index', 'show']);Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->except([    'create', 'store', 'update', 'destroy']);// 使用路由名称生成 URL$url = route('profile', ['id' => 1]);// 生成重定向...return redirect()->route('profile');// 路由组前缀Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {    Route::get('/users', function () {        // Matches The "/admin/users" URL    });});// 路由模型绑定use App\Models\User;Route::get('/users/{user}', function (User $user) {    return $user->email;});// 路由模型绑定（id 除外）use App\Models\User;Route::get('/posts/{post:slug}', function (Post $post) {    return view('post', ['post' => $post]);});// 备选路由Route::fallback(function () {    //});

缓存

// 路由缓存php artisan route:cache// 获取或保存（键，存活时间，值）$users = Cache::remember('users', now()->addMinutes(5), function () {    return DB::table('users')->get();});

控制器

// 设置校验规则protected $rules = [    'title' => 'required|unique:posts|max:255',    'name' => 'required|min:6',    'email' => 'required|email',    'publish_at' => 'nullable|date',];// 校验$validatedData = $request->validate($rules)// 显示 404 错误页abort(404, 'Sorry, Post not found')// Controller CRUD 示例Class ProductsController{   public function index()   {       $products = Product::all();       // app/resources/views/products/index.blade.php       return view('products.index', ['products', $products]);    }   public function create()   {       return view('products.create');   }   public function store()   {       Product::create(request()->validate([           'name' => 'required',           'price' => 'required',           'note' => 'nullable'       ]));       return redirect(route('products.index'));   }   // 模型注入方法   public function show(Product $product)   {       return view('products.show', ['product', $product]);    }   public function edit(Product $product)   {       return view('products.edit', ['product', $product]);    }   public function update(Product $product)   {       Product::update(request()->validate([           'name' => 'required',           'price' => 'required',           'note' => 'nullable'       ]));       return redirect(route($product->path()));   }   public function delete(Product $product)   {        $product->delete();        return redirect("/contacts");   }}// 获取 Query Params www.demo.html?name=mikerequest()->name //mike// 获取 Form data 传参（或默认值）request()->input('email', 'no@email.com')

Template

@yield('content')  @extends('layout')@section('content') … @endsection@include('view.name', ['name' => 'John']){{ var_name }}  { !! var_name !! }@foreach ($items as $item)   {{ $item.name }}   @if($loop->last)        $loop->index    @endif@endforeach@if ($post->id === 1)     'Post one' @elseif ($post->id === 2)    'Post two!' @else     'Other' @endif
@method('PUT')@csrf{{ request()->is('posts*') ? 'current page' : 'not current page' }} @if (Route::has('login'))@auth @endauth @guest{{ Auth::user()->name }}@if ($errors->any())    
        
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)                
{{ $error }}
            @endforeach        
    
@endif{{ old('name') }}

不使用模型访问数据库

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;$user = DB::table('users')->first();$users = DB::select('select name, email from users');DB::insert('insert into users (name, email, password) value(?, ?, ?)', ['Mike', 'mike@hey.com', 'pass123']);DB::update('update users set name = ? where id = 1', ['eric']);DB::delete('delete from users where id = 1');

帮助函数

// 显示变量内容并终止执行dd($products)// 将数组转为Laravel集合$collection = collect($array);// 按描述升序排序$ordered_collection = $collection->orderBy('description');// 重置集合键$ordered_collection = $ordered_collection->values()->all();// 返回项目完整路径app\ : app_path();resources\ : resource_path();database\ :database_path();

闪存 和 Session

// 闪存（只有下一个请求）$request->session()->flash('status', 'Task was successful!');// 带重定向的闪存return redirect('/home')->with('success' => 'email sent!');// 设置 Session$request->session()->put('key', 'value');// 获取 session$value = session('key');If session: if ($request->session()->has('users'))// 删除 session$request->session()->forget('key');// 在模板中显示 flash@if (session('message')) {{ session('message') }} @endif

HTTP Client

// 引入包use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;// Http get 方式请求$response = Http::get('www.thecat.com')$data = $response->json()// Http get 带参方式请求$res = Http::get('www.thecat.com', ['param1', 'param2'])// Http post 带请求体方式请求$res = Http::post('http://test.com', ['name' => 'Steve','role' => 'Admin']);// 带令牌认证方式请求$res = Http::withToken('123456789')->post('http://the.com', ['name' => 'Steve']);// 带请求头方式发起请求$res = Http::withHeaders(['type'=>'json'])->post('http://the.com', ['name' => 'Steve']);

Storage (用于存储在本地文件或者云端服务的助手类)

// Public 驱动配置: Local storage/app/publicStorage::disk('public')->exists('file.jpg')) // S3 云存储驱动配置: storage: 例如 亚马逊云:Storage::disk('s3')->exists('file.jpg')) // 在 web 服务中暴露公共访问内容php artisan storage:link// 在存储文件夹中获取或者保存文件use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;Storage::disk('public')->put('example.txt', 'Contents');$contents = Storage::disk('public')->get('file.jpg'); // 通过生成访问资源的 url $url = Storage::url('file.jpg');// 或者通过公共配置的绝对路径// 删除文件Storage::delete('file.jpg');// 下载文件Storage::disk('public')->download('export.csv');

从 github 安装新项目

$ git clone {project http address} projectName$ cd projectName$ composer install$ cp .env.example .env$ php artisan key:generate$ php artisan migrate$ npm install

Heroku 部署

// 本地（MacOs）机器安装 Heroku $ brew tap heroku/brew && brew install heroku// 登陆 heroku (不存在则创建)$ heroku login// 创建 Profile $ touch Profile// 保存 Profileweb: vendor/bin/heroku-php-apache2 public/

Rest API (创建 Rest API 端点)

API 路由 （ 所有 api 路由都带 'api/' 前缀 ）

// routes/api.phpRoute::get('products', [App\Http\Controllers\ProductsController::class, 'index']);Route::get('products/{product}', [App\Http\Controllers\ProductsController::class, 'show']);Route::post('products', [App\Http\Controllers\ProductsController::class, 'store']);

API 资源 （介于模型和 JSON 响应之间的资源层）

$ php artisan make:resource ProductResource

资源路由定义文件

// app/resource/ProductResource.phppublic function toArray($request)    {        return [            'id' => $this->id,            'name' => $this->name,            'price' => $this->price,            'custom' => 'This is a custom field',        ];    }

API 控制器 (最佳实践是将您的 API 控制器放在 app/Http/Controllers/API/v1/中)

public function index() {        //$products = Product::all();        $products = Product::paginate(5);        return ProductResource::collection($products);    }    public function show(Product $product) {        return new ProductResource($product);    }    public function store(StoreProductRequest $request) {        $product = Product::create($request->all());        return new ProductResource($product);    }

API 令牌认证

首先，您需要为特定用户创建一个 Token。【相关推荐：最新的五个Laravel视频教程】

$user = User::first();$user->createToken('dev token');// plainTextToken: "1|v39On3Uvwl0yA4vex0f9SgOk3pVdLECDk4Edi4OJ"

然后可以一个请求使用这个令牌

GET api/products (Auth Bearer Token: plainTextToken)

授权规则
您可以使用预定义的授权规则创建令牌

$user->createToken('dev token', ['product-list']);// in controllersif !auth()->user()->tokenCan('product-list') {    abort(403, "Unauthorized");}

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