SQL Server数据库基础编程的方法有哪些

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Go批处理语句

用于同时执行多个语句

使用、切换数据库

use mastergo

创建、删除数据库

方法1、

--判断是否存在该数据库，存在就删除if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome'))    drop database testHomego--创建数据库，设置数据库文件、日志文件保存目录create database testHomeon(    name = 'testHome',    filename = 'c:\data\students.mdf'    )log on(    name = 'testHome_log',    filename = 'c:\data\testHome_log.ldf')go

方法2（设置文件大小）、

if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome'))    drop database testHomegocreate database testHome--默认就属于primary主文件组，可省略on primary (        --数据文件的具体描述    name = 'testHome_data',                --主数据文件的逻辑名    fileName = 'c:\testHome_data.mdf',    --主数据文件的物理名    size = 3MB,                        --主数据文件的初始大小    maxSize = 50MB,                    --主数据文件增长的最大值    fileGrowth = 10%                --主数据文件的增长率)--日志文件的具体描述，各参数含义同上log on (    name = 'testHome_log',    fileName = 'c:\testHome_log.ldf',    size = 1MB,    fileGrowth = 1MB)go

方法3（设置次数据文件）、

if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome'))    drop database testHomegocreate database testHome--默认就属于primary主文件组，可省略on primary (        --数据文件的具体描述    name = 'testHome_data',                --主数据文件的逻辑名    fileName = 'c:\testHome_data.mdf',    --主数据文件的物理名    size = 3MB,                        --主数据文件的初始大小    maxSize = 50MB,                    --主数据文件增长的最大值    fileGrowth = 10%                --主数据文件的增长率),--次数据文件的具体描述(        --数据文件的具体描述    name = 'testHome2_data',            --主数据文件的逻辑名    fileName = 'c:\testHome2_data.mdf',    --主数据文件的物理名    size = 2MB,                        --主数据文件的初始大小    maxSize = 50MB,                    --主数据文件增长的最大值    fileGrowth = 10%                --主数据文件的增长率)--日志文件的具体描述，各参数含义同上log on (    name = 'testHome_log',    fileName = 'c:\testHome_log.ldf',    size = 1MB,    fileGrowth = 1MB),(    name = 'testHome2_log',    fileName = 'c:\testHome2_log.ldf',    size = 1MB,    fileGrowth = 1MB)go

基本数据类型

精确数字类型

近似数字类型

日期时间类型

字符串类型

Unicode字符串类型

二进制字符串类型

二进制字符串类型

判断表或其他对象及列是否存在

--判断某个表或对象是否存在if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'classes'))    print '存在';goif (exists (select * from sys.objects where object_id = object_id('student')))    print '存在';goif (object_id('student', 'U') is not null)    print '存在';go --判断该列名是否存在，如果存在就删除if (exists (select * from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('student') and name = 'idCard'))    alter table student drop column idCardgoif (exists (select * from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'student' and column_name = 'tel'))    alter table student drop column telgo

创建、删除表

--判断是否存在当前tableif (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'classes'))    drop table classesgocreate table classes(    id int primary key identity(1, 2),    name varchar(22) not null,    createDate datetime default getDate())goif (exists (select * from sys.objects where object_id = object_id('student')))    drop table studentgo--创建tablecreate table student(    id int identity(1, 1) not null,    name varchar(20),    age int,    sex bit,    cid int)go

给表添加字段、修改字段、删除字段

--添加字段alter table student add address varchar(50) not null;--修改字段alter table student alter column address varchar(20);--删除字段alter table student drop column number; --添加多个字段alter table student add address varchar(22),    tel varchar(11),    idCard varchar(3); --判断该列名是否存在，如果存在就删除if (exists (select * from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('student') and name = 'idCard'))    alter table student drop column idCardgoif (exists (select * from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'student' and column_name = 'tel'))    alter table student drop column telgo

添加、删除约束

--添加新列、约束alter table student     add number varchar(20) null constraint no_uk unique;  --增加主键alter table student      add constraint pk_id primary key(id);  --添加外键约束alter table student    add constraint fk_cid foreign key (cid) references classes(id)go--添加唯一约束alter table student    add constraint name_uk unique(name);--添加check约束alter table student with nocheck       add constraint check_age check (age > 1);alter table student    add constraint ck_age check (age >= 15 and age <= 50)--添加默认约束alter table student    add constraint sex_def default 1 for sex;--添加一个包含默认值可以为空的列alter table student     add createDate smalldatetime null    constraint createDate_def default getDate() with values; ----- 多个列、约束一起创建--------alter table student add       /*添加id主键、自增*/      id int identity constraint id primary key,       /* 添加外键约束*/       number int null        constraint uNumber references classes(number),      /*默认约束*/      createDate decimal(3, 3)      constraint createDate default 2010-6-1  go  --删除约束alter table student  drop constraint no_uk;

插入数据

insert into classes(name) values('1班');insert into classes values('2班', '2011-06-15');insert into classes(name) values('3班');insert into classes values('4班', default); insert into student values('zhangsan', 22, 1, 1);insert into student values('lisi', 25, 0, 1);insert into student values('wangwu', 24, 1, 3);insert into student values('zhaoliu', 23, 0, 3);insert into student values('mazi', 21, 1, 5);insert into student values('wangmazi', 28, 0, 5);insert into student values('jason', null, 0, 5);insert into student values(null, null, 0, 5); insert into student select 'bulise' name, age, sex, cid from student where name = 'tony';    --多条记录同时插入insert into student    select 'jack', 23, 1, 5 union    select 'tom', 24, 0, 3 union    select 'wendy', 25, 1, 3 union    select 'tony', 26, 0, 5;

查询、修改、删除数据

--查询数据select * from classes;select * from student;select id, 'bulise' name, age, sex, cid from student where name = 'tony';select *, (select max(age) from student) from student where name = 'tony'; --修改数据update student set name = 'hoho', sex = 1 where id = 1; --删除数据（from可省略）delete from student where id = 1;

备份数据、表

--备份、复制student表到stuselect * into stu from student;select * into stu1 from (select * from stu) t;select * from stu;select * from stu1;--备份、复制student表到stuselect * into stu from student;select * into stu1 from (select * from stu) t;select * from stu;select * from stu1;

利用存储过程查询表信息

--查询student相关信息exec sp_help student;exec sp_help classes;

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