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Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式

发表于:2025-01-30 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月30日,本篇内容主要讲解"Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式",感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"Java多线程之什么是Worker T
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月30日Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式

本篇内容主要讲解"Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式",感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式"吧!

    一.Worker Thread模式

    Worker的意思是工作的人,在Worker Thread模式中,工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处理,当所有工作全部完成后,工人线程会等待新的工作到来。

    Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread(背景线程)模式,另外,如果从保存多个工人线程的场所这一点看,我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式。

    二 .Worker Thread模式中的角色

    1.Client(委托者)

    创建表示工作请求的Request并将其传递给Channel。在示例程序中,ClientThread相当于该角色。

    2.Channel(通信线路)

    Channel角色接受来自于ClientRequest,并将其传递给Worker。在示例程序中,Channel相当于该角色。

    3.Worker(工人)

    Worker角色从Channel中获取Request,并进行工作,当一项工作完成后,它会继续去获取另外的Request,在示例程序中,WorkerThread相当于该角色。

    4.Request(请求)

    Request角色是表示工作的角色,Request角色中保存了进行工作所必须的信息,在示例程序中,Request相当于该角色。

    三.Worker Thread使用场景

    想象一个场景,一个工厂在生产玩具,在一个车间里,有几个工人,每次生产部件准备好车间外的人就将部件放到车间的一个桌子上,工人每次做完一个玩具就从桌子上取部件。在这里,注意到,部件并不是直接交给工人的,另外一点,工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人,后者在现实有点滑稽,但是在程序中却对应一个典型的线程使用方法:线程池。

    所谓线程池,就是对线程的复用,当线程执行完任务之后就继续取其他任务执行,而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大,所以这样对于系统性能的提高很有好处。

    四.Worker Thread模式程序示例

    首先是请求,即玩具的部件

    public class Request {    private final String name;    private final int number;    public Request(String name, int number) {        this.name = name;        this.number = number;    }    public void execute(){        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" executed "+this);    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Request=> " + "No." + number + "  Name." + name;    }}

    也就是拥有namenumber并且execute的时候打印出字段的一个简单类。

    ClientThread,负责将请求放入RequestQueue中,即将部件放到桌子上。

    public class ClientThread extends Thread {    private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());    private final Channel channel;    public ClientThread(String name, Channel channel) {        super(name);        this.channel = channel;    }    @Override    public void run() {        try {            for (int i = 0; true; i++) {                Request request = new Request(getName(),i);                this.channel.put(request);                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));            }        } catch (Exception e) {        }    }}

    Channel类,可以当做车间

    public class Channel {    private final static int MAX_REQUEST = 100;    private final Request[] requestQueue;    private final WorkerThread[] workerPool;    private int head;    private int tail;    private int count;    public Channel(int workers) {        this.requestQueue = new Request[MAX_REQUEST];        this.head = 0;        this.tail = 0;        this.count = 0;        this.workerPool = new WorkerThread[workers];        this.init();    }    private void init() {        for (int i = 0; i < workerPool.length; i++) {            workerPool[i] = new WorkerThread("Worker-" + i, this);        }    }    /**     * push switch to start all of worker to work     */    public void startWorker() {        Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);//        List workerThreads = Arrays.asList(workerPool);////        workerThreads.stream().forEach(WorkerThread::start);    }    public synchronized void put(Request request) {        while (count >= requestQueue.length) {            try {                this.wait();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        this.requestQueue[tail] = request;        this.tail = (tail + 1) % requestQueue.length;        this.count++;        this.notifyAll();    }    public synchronized Request take() {        while (count <= 0) {            try {                this.wait();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        Request request = this.requestQueue[head];        this.head = (this.head + 1) % this.requestQueue.length;        this.count--;        this.notifyAll();        return request;    }}

    Requestqueue可以当做桌子,是一个数量有限的请求队列。threadPool是一个工人线程的数组,这就是一个线程池。在这里提供了putRequesttakeRequest方法,分别是往请求队列放入请求和取出请,这里使用了上一篇博文讲到的生产者消费者模式 java多线程设计模式之消费者生产者模式。确保了WorkerThreadClientThread之间可以友好合作。

    工人线程:

    public class WorkerThread extends Thread {    private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());    private final Channel channel;    public WorkerThread(String name, Channel channel) {        super(name);        this.channel = channel;    }    @Override    public void run() {        while (true) {            channel.take().execute();            try {                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }}

    这里就是一个不断从请求队列中取出请求然后执行请求的过程,保证了工人线程的复用,并不会执行完一个请求任务就销毁。

    最后是Main:

    public class WorkerClient {    public static void main(String[] args) {        final Channel channel = new Channel(5);        channel.startWorker();        new ClientThread("Alex", channel).start();        new ClientThread("Jack", channel).start();        new ClientThread("William", channel).start();    }}

    结果:

    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Alex
    Worker-2 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Jack
    Worker-3 executed Request=> No.0 Name.William
    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Jack
    Worker-0 executed Request=> No.1 Name.William
    Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Jack
    Worker-2 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Alex
    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.2 Name.William
    Worker-1 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Jack
    Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Alex
    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.3 Name.William
    Worker-0 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Jack
    Worker-0 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Alex
    Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Jack
    Worker-3 executed Request=> No.4 Name.William
    Worker-1 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Jack
    Worker-2 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Alex
    Worker-3 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Jack
    Worker-0 executed Request=> No.5 Name.William
    Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Alex
    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Jack
    Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Alex
    Worker-0 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Alex
    Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Alex
    Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.William
    省略...

    可以看出线程执行任务的线程就是WorkerThread1,2,3,4,5五个,它们不断执行来自ClientThread Alex,Jack,William的请求任务。

    到此,相信大家对"Java多线程之什么是Worker Thread模式"有了更深的了解,不妨来实际操作一番吧!这里是网站,更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询,关注我们,继续学习!

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