Linux下CMake怎么用

CMake是一个跨平台的安装(编译)工具,可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装(编译过程)。他能够输出各种各样的makefile或者project文件,能测试编译器所支持的C++特性,类似UNIX下的automake。

一、单文件目录

1. 编辑C程序文件，命名为main.c

#include int main(void) {   printf("Hello World.\n");   return 0;}

2. 编写CMakeLists.txt文件，保存在main.c同路径下

#Minimum required CMake Versioncmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6.1)#Project Nameproject(hello)#把当前目录(.)下所有源代码文件和头文件加入变量SRC_LISTAUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(. SRC_LIST)#生成应用程序hello(在windows下生成hello.exe)ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SRC_LIST})

3. 运行cmake命令生成MakeFile，再运行make命令生成hello可执行程序（为防止文件混乱，可建立build目录，在此目录下运行cmake命令）

mgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test2/build$ cmake ..-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/mgh/桌面/cmake_test/test2/buildmgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test2/build$ makeScanning dependencies of target hello[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/test1.c.o[100%] Linking C executable hello[100%] Built target hellomgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test2/build$ ./helloHello World.

二、多文件目录

1. 目录结构

mgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test$ tree testtest├── CMakeLists.txt├── print│   ├── CMakeLists.txt│   ├── print.c│   └── print.h└── test.c

2. 编辑C程序文件

test.c

#include #include "print/print.h"int main(void) {   print();   return 0;}

print.h

#ifndef PRINT_H#define PRINT_Hextern void print();#endif

print.c

#include extern void print(){   printf("Hello World.\n");}

3. 编辑CMakeLists.txt文件

这种多目录的情况，需要在每个源文件路径中分别编写CMakeLists.txt文件，对应这个例子，需要在test根目录和print目录下编写CMakeLists.txt文件。

为了方便，我们可以先将print目录里的文件编译成静态库再由main函数调用。

test目录下的CMakeLists.txt文件：

#Minimum required CMake Versioncmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6.1)#Project Nameproject(hello)#当前目录下所有源文件保存到SRC_LIST中AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(. SRC_LIST)#添加print子目录add_subdirectory(print)#指定生成目标ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SRC_LIST})#添加链接库target_link_libraries(hello printFunc)

print目录下的CMakeLists.txt文件：

#当前目录下所有源文件保存到SRC_LIST中AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(. SRC_LIB)#生成链接库ADD_LIBRARY(printFunc ${SRC_LIB})

4. 编译运行

mgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test/build$ cmake ..-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works-- Detecting C compiler ABI info-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting C compile features-- Detecting C compile features - done-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done-- Detecting CXX compile features-- Detecting CXX compile features - done-- Configuring done-- Generating done-- Build files have been written to: /home/mgh/桌面/cmake_test/test/buildmgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test/build$ makeScanning dependencies of target printFunc[ 25%] Building C object print/CMakeFiles/printFunc.dir/print.c.o[ 50%] Linking C static library libprintFunc.a[ 50%] Built target printFuncScanning dependencies of target hello[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/test.c.o[100%] Linking C executable hello[100%] Built target hellomgh@mgh-OptiPlex-5050:~/桌面/cmake_test/test/build$ ./helloHello World.