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Linux ss命令怎么用

发表于:2025-01-18 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月18日,这篇文章主要介绍了Linux ss命令怎么用的相关知识,内容详细易懂,操作简单快捷,具有一定借鉴价值,相信大家阅读完这篇Linux ss命令怎么用文章都会有所收获,下面我们一起来看看吧。Linux系统
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月18日Linux ss命令怎么用

这篇文章主要介绍了Linux ss命令怎么用的相关知识,内容详细易懂,操作简单快捷,具有一定借鉴价值,相信大家阅读完这篇Linux ss命令怎么用文章都会有所收获,下面我们一起来看看吧。

Linux系统中ss命令用于获取 socket 统计信息,它显示的内容和 netstat 类似,但是ss命令更快,够显示更多更详细的有关 TCP 和连接状态的信息。

常用选项

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output version information -n, --numeric don't resolve service names -r, --resolve resolve host names -a, --all display all sockets -l, --listening display listening socket -o, --options show timer information -e, --extended show detailed socket information -m, --memory show socket memory usage -p, --processes show process using socket -i, --info show internal TCP information -s, --summary show socket usage summary -4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, --packet display PACKET sockets -t, --tcp display only TCP sockets -u, --udp display only UDP sockets -d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, --raw display only RAW sockets -x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]

ss命令应用实例

实例1:显示TCP连接

命令:

ss -t -a

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -t -aState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 0 127.0.0.1:smux : LISTEN 0 0 *:3690 : LISTEN 0 0 *:ssh : ESTAB 0 0 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:49368 [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例2:显示 Sockets 摘要

命令:

ss -s

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -sTotal: 34 (kernel 48)TCP: 4 (estab 1, closed 0, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 3

Transport Total IP IPv6* 48 – – RAW 0 0 0 UDP 5 5 0 TCP 4 4 0 INET 9 9 0 FRAG 0 0 0

[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

列出当前的established, closed, orphaned and waiting TCP sockets

实例3:列出所有打开的网络连接端口

命令:

ss -l

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -lRecv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 0 127.0.0.1:smux : 0 0 *:3690 : 0 0 *:ssh : [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例4:查看进程使用的socket

命令:

ss -pl

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -plRecv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 0 127.0.0.1:smux : users:(("snmpd",2716,8))0 0 *:3690 : users:(("svnserve",3590,3))0 0 *:ssh : users:(("sshd",2735,3))[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例5:找出打开套接字/端口应用程序

命令:

ss -lp | grep 3306

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 19350 0 *:1935 : users:(("fmsedge",2913,18))0 0 127.0.0.1:19350 : users:(("fmsedge",2913,17))[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 33060 0 *:3306 : users:(("mysqld",2871,10))[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例6:显示所有UDP Sockets

命令:

ss -u -a

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -u -aState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:syslog : UNCONN 0 0 *:snmp : ESTAB 0 0 192.168.120.203:39641 10.58.119.119:domain [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例7:显示所有状态为established的SMTP连接

命令:

ss -o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )’

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )’ Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例8:显示所有状态为Established的HTTP连接

命令:

ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’ Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 0 75.126.153.214:2164 192.168.10.42:http [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例9:列举出处于 FIN-WAIT-1状态的源端口为 80或者 443,目标网络为 193.233.7/24所有 tcp套接字

命令:

ss -o state fin-wait-1 ‘( sport = :http or sport = :https )’ dst 193.233.7/24

输出:

说明:

实例10:用TCP 状态过滤Sockets:

命令:

ss -4 state FILTER-NAME-HERE

ss -6 state FILTER-NAME-HERE

输出:

[root@localhost ~]#ss -4 state closing Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 1 11094 75.126.153.214:http 192.168.10.42:4669

说明:

FILTER-NAME-HERE 可以代表以下任何一个:

established

syn-sent

syn-recv

fin-wait-1

fin-wait-2

time-wait

closed

close-wait

last-ack

listen

closing

all : 所有以上状态

connected : 除了listen and closed的所有状态

synchronized :所有已连接的状态除了syn-sent

bucket : 显示状态为maintained as minisockets,如:time-wait和syn-recv.

big : 和bucket相反.

实例11:匹配远程地址和端口号

命令:

ss dst ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss dst 192.168.1.5

ss dst 192.168.119.113:http

ss dst 192.168.119.113:smtp

ss dst 192.168.119.113:443

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:20229 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:61056 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:61623 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:60924 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16050 192.168.119.113:43701 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16073 192.168.119.113:32930 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16073 192.168.119.113:49318 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:3844 [root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:httpState Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port [root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:3844State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16014 192.168.119.113:3844 [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例12:匹配本地地址和端口号

命令:

ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss src 192.168.119.103

ss src 192.168.119.103:http

ss src 192.168.119.103:80

ss src 192.168.119.103:smtp

ss src 192.168.119.103:25

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss src 192.168.119.103:16021State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:63054 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:62894 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:63055 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:2274 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:44784 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:7233 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.103:58660 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 192.168.119.201:44822 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56737 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:57487 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56736 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:64652 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56586 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:64653 ESTAB 0 0 192.168.119.103:16021 10.2.1.206:56587 [root@localhost ~]#

说明:

实例13:将本地或者远程端口和一个数比较

命令:

ss dport OP PORT

ss sport OP PORT

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# ss sport = :http [root@localhost ~]# ss dport = :http [root@localhost ~]# ss dport > :1024 [root@localhost ~]# ss sport > :1024 [root@localhost ~]# ss sport :32000 [root@localhost ~]# ss sport eq :22 [root@localhost ~]# ss dport != :22 [root@localhost ~]# ss state connected sport = :http [root@localhost ~]# ss ( sport = :http or sport = :https ) [root@localhost ~]# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ( sport = :http or sport = :https ) dst 192.168.1/24

说明:

ss dport OP PORT 远程端口和一个数比较;ss sport OP PORT 本地端口和一个数比较。

OP 可以代表以下任意一个:

>= or ge : 大于或等于端口号

== or eq : 等于端口号

!= or ne : 不等于端口号

> or lt : 大于端口号

实例14:ss 和 netstat 效率对比

命令:

time netstat -at

time ss

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# time ss real 0m0.739suser 0m0.019ssys 0m0.013s[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# time netstat -atreal 2m45.907suser 0m0.063ssys 0m0.067s[root@localhost ~]#

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