PyTorch create_tensor怎么使用
本篇内容主要讲解"PyTorch create_tensor怎么使用",感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"PyTorch create_tensor怎么使用"吧!
课程代码
1. create_tensor
import torchimport numpy as np a = np.ones((3, 3))print(a, id(a))b = torch.tensor(a)print(b, id(b), b.device)# b_gpu = torch.tensor(a, device = 'cuda')b_gpu = torch.tensor(a, device = 'cpu')print(b_gpu, id(b_gpu), b_gpu.device)c = torch.from_numpy(a)print(c, id(c))a[0, 0] = 2print(a, c)c[0, 1] = 3print(a, c)d = torch.zeros((3, 3, 3))print(d, d.dtype, d.shape)dd = torch.zeros_like(d)print(d, d.type, d.shape)e = torch.full((2, 2), 233)print(e, e.dtype)ee = torch.full((2, 2), 233.)print(ee, ee.dtype)f = torch.arange(1, 5)print(f, f.dtype)ff = torch.arange(1., 5.1)print(ff, ff.dtype)g = torch.linspace(1, 6, 6)print(g, g.dtype)h = torch.normal(0, 1, (3, 3))print(h, h.dtype)hh = torch.randn((3, 3))print(hh, hh.dtype)i = torch.rand((2, 2))print(i)ii = torch.randint(1, 5, (2, 2))print(ii)j = torch.randperm(20)print(j, j.dtype)
2. reshape_tensor
import torch import numpy as np a = torch.arange(0, 10, dtype = torch.int64)b = torch.reshape(a, (2, 5))print(b)b_T = torch.t(b)print(b_T, b_T.shape)c = torch.reshape(torch.arange(0, 24, dtype = torch.int64), (2, 3, 4))print(c)d = torch.transpose(c, 0, 1)print(d)e = torch.tensor([1])print(e, e.shape)f = torch.squeeze(e)print(f, f.shape)f = f * 2print(f, e)ee = torch.unsqueeze(f, dim = 0)print(ee)
3. concat_split_tensor
import torch import numpy as np t1 = torch.ones((2, 2))t2 = torch.zeros((2, 2))a = torch.cat([t1, t2], dim = 0)print(a, a.shape)b = torch.stack([t1, t2], dim = 0)print(b, b.shape)print(b[0], b[1])x = torch.split(b, [1, 1], dim = 0)print(type(x))c, d = xprint(c, d)e = torch.index_select(a, dim = 0, index = torch.tensor([0, 2]))print(e)mask = a.ge(1)f = torch.masked_select(a, mask)print(mask, f)
4. tensor_operator
# 通过一元线性回归, 来熟悉和展示常用的tensor的运算操作import torch import numpy as nptorch.manual_seed(10)# datax = torch.rand((20, 1)) * 10y = 2 * x + 5 + torch.randn(20, 1)# modelw = torch.tensor(np.asarray([0.3]), requires_grad=True)b = torch.tensor(np.asarray([0.]), requires_grad=True)print(w, b)# iterationfor _ in range(1000): # flow y_pre = w * x + b loss = ( 0.5 * (y_pre - y) ** 2 ).mean() # backwords loss.backward() w.data.sub_(0.05 * w.grad) b.data.sub_(0.05 * b.grad) w.grad.zero_() b.grad.zero_() # show if _ % 100 == 0: print(str(_) + ' loss is', loss.data.numpy()) if loss.data.numpy() < 0.47: breakprint('finish...')
作业
1. 安装anaconda,pycharm, CUDA+CuDNN(可选),虚拟环境,pytorch,并实现hello pytorch查看pytorch的版本
2. 张量与矩阵、向量、标量的关系是怎么样的?
3. Variable"赋予"张量什么功能?
4. 采用torch.from_numpy创建张量,并打印查看ndarray和张量数据的地址;
5. 实现torch.normal()创建张量的四种模式。
1. 装环境
conda create -n torch_p36 python=3.6.5
conda activate torch_p36
pip install torch==1.7.1+cu110 torchvision==0.8.2+cu110 torchaudio===0.7.2 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
2. 概念解释
标量(scalar)
一个标量表示一个单独的数,它不同于线性代数中研究的其他大部分对象
向量(vector)
一个向量表示一组有序排列的数。通过次序中的索引,我们可以确定每个单独的数
矩阵(matrix)
矩阵是具有相同特征和纬度的对象的集合,表现为一张二维数据表。其意义是一个对象表示为矩阵中的一行,一个特征表示为矩阵中的一列,每个特征都有数值型的取值
张量(tensor)
在某些情况下,我们会讨论坐标超过两维的数组。一般地,一个数组中的元素分布在若干维坐标的规则网格中,我们将其称之为张量
3. Variable"赋予"张量功能
Variable是torch.autograd中的数据类型,主要用于封装Tensor,使得tensor可以进行自动求导
主要有五个属性:
1.data:被包装的Tensor
2.grad:data的梯度
3.grad_fn:创建Tensor的Function(创建张量所用到的方法,如加法或乘法),是自动求导的关键
4.requires.grad:指示张量是否需要梯度,不需要梯度的张量可以设置为false
5.is_leaf:指示张量在计算图中是否是叶子结点。
现在variable不需要出现在代码中了, 并入到了tensor
Tensor
dtype
shape
device
4. 创建张量
import torchimport numpy as np a = np.ones((3, 3))print(a, id(a))b = torch.tensor(a)print(b, id(b), b.device)# b_gpu = torch.tensor(a, device = 'cuda')b_gpu = torch.tensor(a, device = 'cpu')print(b_gpu, id(b_gpu), b_gpu.device)c = torch.from_numpy(a)print(c, id(c))a[0, 0] = 2print(a, c)c[0, 1] = 3print(a, c)d = torch.zeros((3, 3, 3))print(d, d.dtype, d.shape)dd = torch.zeros_like(d)print(d, d.type, d.shape)e = torch.full((2, 2), 233)print(e, e.dtype)ee = torch.full((2, 2), 233.)print(ee, ee.dtype)f = torch.arange(1, 5)print(f, f.dtype)ff = torch.arange(1., 5.1)print(ff, ff.dtype)g = torch.linspace(1, 6, 6)print(g, g.dtype)h = torch.normal(0, 1, (3, 3))print(h, h.dtype)hh = torch.randn((3, 3))print(hh, hh.dtype)i = torch.rand((2, 2))print(i)ii = torch.randint(1, 5, (2, 2))print(ii)j = torch.randperm(20)print(j, j.dtype)
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