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Docker基础（1）——安装Docker

发表于：2025-02-12 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月12日，配置环境：CentOS-7.5内存建议最少分配4g；开启虚拟化：阿里云开源站点下载docker-ce.repo[root@www ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com

千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月12日Docker基础（1）——安装Docker

配置环境：CentOS-7.5

内存建议最少分配4g；

开启虚拟化：

阿里云开源站点下载docker-ce.repo

[root@www ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo[root@www ~]# mv docker-ce.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@www ~]# yum repolist已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.horizon.vn源标识                            源名称                                                    状态EPEL/7/x86_64                     CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                                  9,911base                              cdrom                                                      9,911docker-ce-stable/x86_64           Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                     25epel/x86_64                       Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64            12,703extras/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com                                  434updates/7/x86_64                  CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com                               1,614repolist: 34,598

查看一下其配置文件中的baseurl，是否为国内镜像资源站点，假如为外网，建议用末行模式修改过来，否则，不仅慢还需要科学上网；

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo[docker-ce-stable]name=Docker CE Stable - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stableenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stableenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-stable-source]name=Docker CE Stable - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stableenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-edge]name=Docker CE Edge - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edgeenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edgeenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-edge-source]name=Docker CE Edge - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edgeenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test]name=Docker CE Test - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-test-source]name=Docker CE Test - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/testenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly]name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-nightly-source]name=Docker CE Nightly - Sourcesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightlyenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

然后我们直接用yum安装docker-ce即可；

[root@www ~]# yum install docker-ce已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror.horizon.vn正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 docker-ce.x86_64.3.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装--> 正在处理依赖关系 container-selinux >= 2.9，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要--> 正在处理依赖关系 containerd.io，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要--> 正在处理依赖关系 docker-ce-cli，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 container-selinux.noarch.2.2.68-1.el7 将被 安装---> 软件包 containerd.io.x86_64.0.1.2.0-3.el7 将被 安装---> 软件包 docker-ce-cli.x86_64.1.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装--> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ================================================================================================== Package                   架构           版本                     源                        大小==================================================================================================正在安装: docker-ce                 x86_64         3:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          19 M为依赖而安装: container-selinux         noarch         2:2.68-1.el7             extras                    36 k containerd.io             x86_64         1.2.0-3.el7              docker-ce-stable          22 M docker-ce-cli             x86_64         1:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          14 M 事务概要==================================================================================================安装  1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包) 总下载量：55 M安装大小：235 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:(1/4): container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch.rpm                             |  36 kB  00:00:03    warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEYcontainerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装(2/4): containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                |  22 MB  00:00:09    (3/4): docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                              |  14 MB  00:00:04    (4/4): docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                  |  19 MB  00:00:19    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------总计                                                              2.8 MB/s |  55 MB  00:00:19    从 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg 检索密钥导入 GPG key 0x621E9F35: 用户ID     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) " 指纹       : 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35 来自       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg是否继续？[y/N]：yRunning transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  正在安装    : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              1/4  正在安装    : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          2/4  正在安装    : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         3/4setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.  正在安装    : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              4/4  验证中      : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          1/4  验证中      : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              2/4  验证中      : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              3/4  验证中      : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         4/4 已安装:  docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7                                                                作为依赖被安装:  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.68-1.el7             containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.0-3.el7             docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:18.09.0-3.el7             完毕！

建议对docker设置enable属性，并开启docker，并查看其版本；

[root@www ~]# systemctl enable dockerCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.[root@www ~]# systemctl start  docker[root@www ~]# docker versionClient: Version:           18.09.0 API version:       1.39 Go version:        go1.10.4 Git commit:        4d60db4 Built:             Wed Nov  7 00:48:22 2018 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64 Experimental:      false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine:  Version:          18.09.0  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)  Go version:       go1.10.4  Git commit:       4d60db4  Built:            Wed Nov  7 00:19:08 2018  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64  Experimental:     false

Docker是由独立的仓库的，其内容一般都docker hub上，所以我们需要在docker hub上申请一个账号，地址是https://hub.docker.com

注意：

1．假如我们第一次申请，我们的浏览器也没有科学上网的插件，那么最后的sign up选项就是灰色无法点击的，因为我们没有办法收到邮件，所以我们需要在我们的浏览器上安装一个插件，以便我们可以科学上网，收到回执邮件；

2．具体插件名称为：谷歌访问助手；

3．教程链接：http://www.ggfwzs.com

1.申请完账号后，我们可以简单的做一个nginx小镜像进行测试：

2.在tag标签里选择1.14-apline版本；

3.本地安装nginx:1.14-apline版本（默认先查找本地镜像仓库，没有的话就去docker hub上查找，然后下载到本地，默认不会有动作，所以我们需要在开启一个Xshell借口来查看信息）；

[root@www ~]# docker run --name ngx nginx:1.14-alpineUnable to find image 'nginx:1.14-alpine' locally1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx4fe2ade4980c: Pull completec691664ebb08: Pull completea6f6a50701b6: Pull complete5980ba3b5a39: Pull completeDigest: sha256:75cf17cdf89cbd8da65c83050ebdab1026b98cf217442d6a1f2a8892f47967d7Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine

4.开启另一个Xshell接口，查看运行信息；

[root@www ~]# docker container lsCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES2fc0b111434b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp              ngx[root@www ~]#[root@www ~]# docker image lsREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEnginx               1.14-alpine         77bae8d00654        5 days ago          17.7MB

5.通过inspect查看ngx镜像的IP地址（最后几行中有，172.17.0.2）；

[root@www ~]# docker inspect ngx[    {        "Id": "2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59",        "Created": "2018-11-12T12:23:37.39282113Z",        "Path": "nginx",        "Args": [            "-g",            "daemon off;"        ],        "State": {            "Status": "running",            "Running": true,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 61533,            "ExitCode": 0,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2018-11-12T12:23:45.219006468Z",            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:77bae8d0065423e2338884d3698ef5ff9de8dec05a55dc81cf48ae9e78008b3f",        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/resolv.conf",        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hostname",        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hosts",        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59-json.log",        "Name": "/ngx",        "RestartCount": 0,        "Driver": "overlay2",        "Platform": "linux",        "MountLabel": "",        "ProcessLabel": "",        "AppArmorProfile": "",        "ExecIDs": null,        "HostConfig": {            "Binds": null,            "ContainerIDFile": "",            "LogConfig": {                "Type": "json-file",                "Config": {}            },            "NetworkMode": "default",            "PortBindings": {},            "RestartPolicy": {                "Name": "no",                "MaximumRetryCount": 0            },            "AutoRemove": false,            "VolumeDriver": "",            "VolumesFrom": null,            "CapAdd": null,            "CapDrop": null,            "Dns": [],            "DnsOptions": [],            "DnsSearch": [],            "ExtraHosts": null,            "GroupAdd": null,            "IpcMode": "shareable",            "Cgroup": "",            "Links": null,            "OomScoreAdj": 0,            "PidMode": "",            "Privileged": false,            "PublishAllPorts": false,            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,            "SecurityOpt": null,            "UTSMode": "",            "UsernsMode": "",            "ShmSize": 67108864,            "Runtime": "runc",            "ConsoleSize": [                0,                0            ],            "Isolation": "",            "CpuShares": 0,            "Memory": 0,            "NanoCpus": 0,            "CgroupParent": "",            "BlkioWeight": 0,            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,            "CpuPeriod": 0,            "CpuQuota": 0,            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,            "CpusetCpus": "",            "CpusetMems": "",            "Devices": [],            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,            "DiskQuota": 0,            "KernelMemory": 0,            "MemoryReservation": 0,            "MemorySwap": 0,            "MemorySwappiness": null,            "OomKillDisable": false,            "PidsLimit": 0,            "Ulimits": null,            "CpuCount": 0,            "CpuPercent": 0,            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,            "MaskedPaths": [                "/proc/acpi",                "/proc/kcore",                "/proc/keys",                "/proc/latency_stats",                "/proc/timer_list",                "/proc/timer_stats",                "/proc/sched_debug",                "/proc/scsi",                "/sys/firmware"            ],            "ReadonlyPaths": [                "/proc/asound",                "/proc/bus",                "/proc/fs",                "/proc/irq",                "/proc/sys",                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"            ]        },        "GraphDriver": {            "Data": {                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fbe29a9d6e34b27b9151fbb798c9f26a22bf0d2a47938759d1197da5324eb5f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/569ebba8fa873429effbfd7075a08f61f2fadcf1e09c61fb9feacf7adee21710/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd229da595a1b8a9fdd3c40b8c7cad2f9abc0835603abfe5e5226ad4f738e0bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cd347e2a7d82ceeb12f18b279dda0fa0853f13ab3149aa0787f3f7c685ba622/diff",                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/merged",                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/diff",                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/work"            },            "Name": "overlay2"        },        "Mounts": [],        "Config": {            "Hostname": "2fc0b111434b",            "Domainname": "",            "User": "",            "AttachStdin": false,            "AttachStdout": true,            "AttachStderr": true,            "ExposedPorts": {                "80/tcp": {}            },            "Tty": false,            "OpenStdin": false,            "StdinOnce": false,            "Env": [                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                "NGINX_VERSION=1.14.1"            ],            "Cmd": [                "nginx",                "-g",                "daemon off;"            ],            "ArgsEscaped": true,            "Image": "nginx:1.14-alpine",            "Volumes": null,            "WorkingDir": "",            "Entrypoint": null,            "OnBuild": null,            "Labels": {                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers "            },            "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"        },        "NetworkSettings": {            "Bridge": "",            "SandboxID": "ac090b600a21020aa323ccd020688bb0ef7c46df744739d5345996294e663afd",            "HairpinMode": false,            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "Ports": {                "80/tcp": null            },            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ac090b600a21",            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,            "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",            "IPPrefixLen": 16,            "IPv6Gateway": "",            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",            "Networks": {                "bridge": {                    "IPAMConfig": null,                    "Links": null,                    "Aliases": null,                    "NetworkID": "6714eb554a2843bd0582a3e7d63b09b175c5351c100aab08b1a051bc8187cb5c",                    "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,                    "IPv6Gateway": "",                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",                    "DriverOpts": null                }            }        }    }]

6.本地用curl测试ngx镜像的启动状态；

[root@www ~]# curl 172.17.0.2Welcome to nginx!