linux最快的文本搜索神器ripgrep(grep的最好代替者)

前言

说到文本搜索工具，大家一定会知道 grep, 它是 linux 最有用并最常用的工具之一。
但如果要再一个大的工程项目中搜索某个关键词，大家也一定知道它比较耗时。
所以就有了很多替代工具，之前最出名的是 Ack，Ag
而最近又有了新的替代者 Ripgrep, 这个工具和 Ack/Ag 一样都使用了多线程的方法，但 rg 比它们更快

简介

ripgrep 是一个以行为单位的搜索工具， 它根据提供的 pattern 递归地在指定的目录里搜索。它是由 Rust 语言写成，相较与同类工具，它的特点就是无与伦比地快。
几个特点如下：

• 自动递归搜索 （grep 需要-R）
• 自动忽略.gitignore 中的文件以及 2 进制文件
• 可以搜索指定文件类型（rg -tpy foo限定 python 文件， rg -Tjs foo排除 js 文件)
• 支持大部分 grep 的 feature(常用的都有)
• 支持各种文件编译（UTF-8， UTF-16， latin-1, GBK, EUC-JP, Shift_JIS 等等）
• 支持搜索常见压缩文件(gzip, xz, lzma, bzip2, lz4)
• 自动高亮匹配的结果
• 更少的命令名称 rg (grep 是四个字符)
• 不支持多行搜索和花哨的正则

安装 ripgrep

先安装 RUST

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

然后一路 enter 就好了

用 RUST 安装 rigpre

git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrepcd ripgrepcargo build --releasecp ./target/release/rg /usr/local/bin/

最后一步根据你的情况把它放到某个在 PATH 里的路径里

使用

搜索结果展示

用法总体格式

USAGE:  rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH ...]  rg [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN ...] [-f PATTERNFILE ...] [PATH ...]  rg [OPTIONS] --files [PATH ...]  rg [OPTIONS] --type-list  command | rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN

输入参数

ARGS:        A regular expression used for searching. To match a pattern beginning with a      dash, use the -e/--regexp flag.      For example, to search for the literal '-foo', you can use this flag:        rg -e -foo      You can also use the special '--' delimiter to indicate that no more flags      will be provided. Namely, the following is equivalent to the above:        rg -- -foo  ...      A file or directory to search. Directories are searched recursively. Paths specified on      the command line override glob and ignore rules.

实例展示

实例一

$ rg 'name' ./

实例二

搜索name为独立单词的内容(-w), 相当于

$ rg -w 'name' ./

实例三

只打印包含匹配内容的文件名(-l)

$ rg -w 'name' ./ -lsrc/cpp/epoll_server.cppsrc/cpp/uart_xtor.cpp

实例四

只搜索cpp文件(-t), 可以用-T来不搜索某种类型文件

$ rg -w 'name' ./ -tcpp

实例五

正则搜索(-e)

$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp

实例六

显示匹配内容及上下各两行(-C), -A/-B类似

$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp -C2

实例七

显示不含"debug"的行(-v)

$ rg -v "debug" -tcpp ./

实例八

只显示匹配部分(-o)

$ rg -e "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o

实例九

忽略大小写(-i)

$ rg -ie "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o

实例十

把pattern当成常量字符(-F), 像.(){}*+不需要escape，如果要搜索的字符是以-开头，那么要用--来作为分隔符，或者用rg -e "-foo"

rg -F "i++)" ./ -tcpp

实例十一

打印所有将被搜索的文件 --files

rg --files

实例十二

输出内置识别文件类型

$ rg --type-listagda: *.agda, *.lagdaaidl: *.aidlamake: *.bp, *.mkasciidoc: *.adoc, *.asc, *.asciidocasm: *.S, *.asm, *.sats: *.ats, *.dats, *.hats, *.satsavro: *.avdl, *.avpr, *.avscawk: *.awkbazel: *.bzl, BUILD, WORKSPACEbitbake: *.bb, *.bbappend, *.bbclass, *.conf, *.incbzip2: *.bz2c: *.H, *.c, *.cats, *.hcabal: *.cabalcbor: *.cborceylon: *.ceylonclojure: *.clj, *.cljc, *.cljs, *.cljxcmake: *.cmake, CMakeLists.txtcoffeescript: *.coffeeconfig: *.cfg, *.conf, *.config, *.inicpp: *.C, *.H, *.cc, *.cpp, *.cxx, *.h, *.hh, *.hpp, *.hxx, *.inlcreole: *.creolecrystal: *.cr, Projectfilecs: *.cscsharp: *.cscshtml: *.cshtmlcss: *.css, *.scsscsv: *.csvcython: *.pyxd: *.ddart: *.dartdhall: *.dhalldocker: *Dockerfile*elisp: *.elelixir: *.eex, *.ex, *.exselm: *.elmerlang: *.erl, *.hrlfidl: *.fidlfish: *.fishfortran: *.F, *.F77, *.F90, *.F95, *.f, *.f77, *.f90, *.f95, *.pfofsharp: *.fs, *.fsi, *.fsxgn: *.gn, *.gnigo: *.gogroovy: *.gradle, *.groovygzip: *.gzh: *.h, *.hpphaskell: *.c2hs, *.cpphs, *.hs, *.hsc, *.lhshbs: *.hbshs: *.hs, *.lhshtml: *.ejs, *.htm, *.htmlidris: *.idr, *.lidrjava: *.java, *.jspjinja: *.j2, *.jinja, *.jinja2jl: *.jljs: *.js, *.jsx, *.vuejson: *.json, composer.lockjsonl: *.jsonljulia: *.jljupyter: *.ipynb, *.jpynbkotlin: *.kt, *.ktsless: *.lesslicense: *[.-]LICEN[CS]E*, AGPL-*[0-9]*, APACHE-*[0-9]*, BSD-*[0-9]*, CC-BY-*, COPYING, COPYING[.-]*, COPYRIGHT, COPYRIGHT[.-]*, EULA, EULA[.-]*, GFDL-*[0-9]*, GNU-*[0-9]*, GPL-*[0-9]*, LGPL-*[0-9]*, LICEN[CS]E, LICEN[CS]E[.-]*, MIT-*[0-9]*, MPL-*[0-9]*, NOTICE, NOTICE[.-]*, OFL-*[0-9]*, PATENTS, PATENTS[.-]*, UNLICEN[CS]E, UNLICEN[CS]E[.-]*, agpl[.-]*, gpl[.-]*, lgpl[.-]*, licen[cs]e, licen[cs]e.*lisp: *.el, *.jl, *.lisp, *.lsp, *.sc, *.scmlog: *.loglua: *.lualz4: *.lz4lzma: *.lzmam4: *.ac, *.m4make: *.mak, *.mk, GNUmakefile, Gnumakefile, Makefile, gnumakefile, makefileman: *.[0-9][cEFMmpSx], *.[0-9lnpx]markdown: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdnmatlab: *.mmd: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdnmk: mkfileml: *.mlmsbuild: *.csproj, *.fsproj, *.proj, *.props, *.targets, *.vcxprojnim: *.nimnix: *.nixobjc: *.h, *.mobjcpp: *.h, *.mmocaml: *.ml, *.mli, *.mll, *.mlyorg: *.orgpdf: *.pdfperl: *.PL, *.perl, *.pl, *.plh, *.plx, *.pm, *.tphp: *.php, *.php3, *.php4, *.php5, *.phtmlpod: *.podprotobuf: *.protops: *.cdxml, *.ps1, *.ps1xml, *.psd1, *.psm1puppet: *.erb, *.pp, *.rbpurs: *.purspy: *.pyqmake: *.prf, *.pri, *.pror: *.R, *.Rmd, *.Rnw, *.rrdoc: *.rdocreadme: *README, README*rst: *.rstruby: *.gemspec, *.rb, .irbrc, Gemfile, Rakefilerust: *.rssass: *.sass, *.scssscala: *.sbt, *.scalash: *.bash, *.bashrc, *.csh, *.cshrc, *.ksh, *.kshrc, *.sh, *.tcsh, *.zsh, .bash_login, .bash_logout, .bash_profile, .bashrc, .cshrc, .kshrc, .login, .logout, .profile, .tcshrc, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, bash_login, bash_logout, bash_profile, bashrc, profile, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrcsmarty: *.tplsml: *.sig, *.smlsoy: *.soyspark: *.sparksql: *.psql, *.sqlstylus: *.stylsv: *.h, *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vgsvg: *.svgswift: *.swiftswig: *.def, *.isystemd: *.automount, *.conf, *.device, *.link, *.mount, *.path, *.scope, *.service, *.slice, *.socket, *.swap, *.target, *.timertaskpaper: *.taskpapertcl: *.tcltex: *.bib, *.cls, *.ltx, *.sty, *.textextile: *.textiletf: *.tftoml: *.toml, Cargo.lockts: *.ts, *.tsxtwig: *.twigtxt: *.txtvala: *.valavb: *.vbverilog: *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vhvhdl: *.vhd, *.vhdlvim: *.vimvimscript: *.vimwebidl: *.idl, *.webidl, *.widlwiki: *.mediawiki, *.wikixml: *.xml, *.xml.distxz: *.xzyacc: *.yyaml: *.yaml, *.ymlzsh: *.zsh, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrc

总结

ripgrep的搜索速度真是快的飞起来，在浏览代码时对我的帮助非常大。我相信它对于每一个码农的价值都是无限大的，特别是结合FZF之后。
唯一的弱点是对正则的支持，但这是一个取舍，如果采用如PCRE那样的库的话，一定会极大影响速度。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。