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Redis 哨兵集群

发表于:2025-01-21 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月21日,哨兵集群介绍Redis的哨兵(sentinel) 常用于管理多个 Redis 服务器,它主要会执行以下三个任务:监控(Monitoring):哨兵(sentinel) 会不断地检查你的Master和S
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月21日Redis 哨兵集群

哨兵集群介绍

Redis的哨兵(sentinel) 常用于管理多个 Redis 服务器,它主要会执行以下三个任务:
监控(Monitoring):哨兵(sentinel) 会不断地检查你的Master和Slave是否运作正常。
提醒(Notification):当被监控的某个 Redis出现问题时, 哨兵(sentinel) 可以通过 API 向管理员或者其他应用程序发送通知。

自动故障迁移(Automatic failover):当一个Master不能正常工作时,哨兵(sentinel) 会开始一次自动故障迁移操作,它会将 Master 故障后的其中一个 Slave 升级为新的 Master,并让 Master 故障后的其他 Slave 改为复制新的Master;当客户端试图连接故障的 Master 时,集群也会向客户端返回新Master的地址,使得集群可以使用新的 Master 代替故障的 Master。

哨兵(sentinel) 是一个分布式系统,你可以在一个架构中运行多个哨兵(sentinel) 进程,这些进程使用流言协议(gossipprotocols)来接收关于 Master 是否下线的信息,并使用投票协议(agreement protocols)来决定是否执行自动故障迁移,以及选择哪个 Slave 作为新的 Master。
每个哨兵(sentinel) 会向其它哨兵(sentinel)、master、slave定时发送消息,以确认对方是否"活"着,如果发现对方在指定时间(可配置)内未回应,则暂时认为对方已挂(所谓的"主观认为宕机" Subjective Down,简称sdown)。
若"哨兵群"中的多数 sentinel ,报告某一 Master 没响应,系统才认为该 Master "彻底死亡"(即:客观上的真正down机,Objective Down,简称odown),通过一定的vote算法,从剩下的slave节点中,选一台提升为master,然后自动修改相关配置。
虽然哨兵(sentinel) 释出为一个单独的可执行文件 redis-sentinel ,但实际上它只是一个运行在特殊模式下的 Redis 服务器,你可以在启动一个普通 Redis 服务器时通过给定 --sentinel 选项来启动哨兵(sentinel)。

服务器规划


Redis安装

下载官方安装包:https://redis.io/download

1、Redis支持包安装

由于 Redis 是由 C 语言编写,所系统需要安装 gcc
[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# yum install -y gcc automake autoconf libtool make
2、解压下载的 Redis 安装包,并进入目录,进行编译,分别在3台服务器上操作。
[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 redis-5.0.4]# make install
此过程大概需要2分钟左右,耐心等待。。。。。。
说明:如果在编译过程中出现  该错误,则需要在编译的时候使用此命令 make MALLOC=libc install 可解决。
3、复制 Redis 命令文件到 /usr/bin 目录
[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 redis-5.0.4]# cd src/
[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 src]# cp redis-cli redis-sentinel redis-server /usr/bin

redis配置

过滤 Redis 配置文件 redis.conf

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 redis-5.0.4]# grep -Ev "^#|^$" redis.conf

bind 192.168.2.177
protected-mode yes
port 6379
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300
daemonize yes
supervised no
pidfile /wdata/redis/data/redis.pid
loglevel notice
logfile "/wdata/redis/logs/redis.log"
databases 16
always-show-logo yes
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /wdata/redis
replicaof 192.168.2.177 6379
replica-serve-stale-data yes
replica-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
replica-priority 100
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no
appendonly no
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
lua-time-limit 5000

slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-size -2
list-compress-depth 0
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
dynamic-hz yes
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes

我们对 Redis 配置文件的修改,大概只需要修改上面标红的部分,其他选项可根据自己的需要修改。其中下面两项为

daemonize yes:设置 Redis 启动时在后台运行

replicaof 192.168.2.177 6379:设置集群 Master 服务器地址和端口,注意,在 192.168.2.177 主Redis 服务器上将该项注释

将修改好的配置文件复制到其他两台服务器

for i in 178 180; do scp redis.conf root@192.168.2.$i:/wdata/redis/config; done

哨兵配置

过滤 sentinel 配置文件 sentinel.conf

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 redis-5.0.4]# grep -Ev "^#|^$" sentinel.conf

bind 192.168.2.177

port 26379
daemonize yes
pidfile /wdata/redis-sentinel.pid
logfile "/wdata/redis/logs/sentinel.log"
dir /wdata/redis

sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.2.177 6379 2
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000
sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000
sentinel deny-scripts-reconfig yes

一般,我们只需要修改上面标红的部分,其他选项根据实际需要进行修改,其中下面意向的含义为

sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.2.177 6379 2:设置哨兵监控的主服务器为 192.168.2.177,端口为6379,2 表示如果同时有 2 个哨兵都认为该主服务器不可访问时,则进行故障转移。

将修改好的 sentinel 配置文件分发到其他两台服务器。

for i in 178 180; do scp sentinel.conf root@192.168.2.$i:/wdata/redis/config; done

启动Redis

在三台服务器上分别执行

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# service redis start

查看 Redis 是否启动成功

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# ps -ef | grep redis

或者

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# service redis status

启动哨兵

在三台服务器上分别执行

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# service sentinel start

查看哨兵启动是否成功

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# ps -ef | grep sentinel

或者

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# service sentinel status

查看哨兵集群状态

我们的 Redis 服务和哨兵(sentinel)服务均已成功启动,接下来我们需要验证一下集群是否正常。

[root@rocketmq-nameserver1 ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.2.177 -p 26379192.168.2.177:26379> SENTINEL sentinels mymaster1)  1) "name"    2) "648ced6a4a5126ffe053c7190a7787ce8507122d"    3) "ip"    4) "192.168.2.178"    5) "port"    6) "26379"    7) "runid"    8) "648ced6a4a5126ffe053c7190a7787ce8507122d"    9) "flags"   10) "sentinel"   11) "link-pending-commands"   12) "0"   13) "link-refcount"   14) "1"   15) "last-ping-sent"   16) "0"   17) "last-ok-ping-reply"   18) "203"   19) "last-ping-reply"   20) "203"   21) "down-after-milliseconds"   22) "30000"   23) "last-hello-message"   24) "425"   25) "voted-leader"   26) "?"   27) "voted-leader-epoch"   28) "0"2)  1) "name"    2) "25133c581dc5a5dcc41ed40d720bf417b70d6449"    3) "ip"    4) "192.168.2.180"    5) "port"    6) "26379"    7) "runid"    8) "25133c581dc5a5dcc41ed40d720bf417b70d6449"    9) "flags"   10) "sentinel"   11) "link-pending-commands"   12) "0"   13) "link-refcount"   14) "1"   15) "last-ping-sent"   16) "0"   17) "last-ok-ping-reply"   18) "203"   19) "last-ping-reply"   20) "203"   21) "down-after-milliseconds"   22) "30000"   23) "last-hello-message"   24) "870"   25) "voted-leader"   26) "?"   27) "voted-leader-epoch"   28) "0"

由输出可见,其他两个哨兵运行正常

192.168.2.177:26379> SENTINEL masters1)     1) "name"     2) "mymaster"     3) "ip"     4) "192.168.2.177"     5) "port"     6) "6379"     7) "runid"     8) "f2c92c055ec129186fec93d0b394a99ad120fd1d"     9) "flags"    10) "master"    11) "link-pending-commands"    12) "0"    13) "link-refcount"    14) "1"    15) "last-ping-sent"    16) "0"    17) "last-ok-ping-reply"    18) "800"    19) "last-ping-reply"    20) "800"    21) "down-after-milliseconds"    22) "30000"    23) "info-refresh"    24) "10034"    25) "role-reported"    26) "master"    27) "role-reported-time"    28) "120535"    29) "config-epoch"    30) "0"    31) "num-slaves"    32) "2"    33) "num-other-sentinels"    34) "2"    35) "quorum"    36) "2"    37) "failover-timeout"    38) "180000"    39) "parallel-syncs"    40) "1"

由上输出可见,主 Redis 正常

192.168.2.177:26379> SENTINEL slaves mymaster1)     1) "name"     2) "192.168.2.180:6379"     3) "ip"     4) "192.168.2.180"     5) "port"     6) "6379"     7) "runid"     8) "2675617f208ace5c13161e133819be75f7079946"     9) "flags"    10) "slave"    11) "link-pending-commands"    12) "0"    13) "link-refcount"    14) "1"    15) "last-ping-sent"    16) "0"    17) "last-ok-ping-reply"    18) "448"    19) "last-ping-reply"    20) "448"    21) "down-after-milliseconds"    22) "30000"    23) "info-refresh"    24) "4606"    25) "role-reported"    26) "slave"    27) "role-reported-time"    28) "235584"    29) "master-link-down-time"    30) "0"    31) "master-link-status"    32) "ok"    33) "master-host"    34) "192.168.2.177"    35) "master-port"    36) "6379"    37) "slave-priority"    38) "100"    39) "slave-repl-offset"    40) "47120"2)     1) "name"     2) "192.168.2.178:6379"     3) "ip"     4) "192.168.2.178"     5) "port"     6) "6379"     7) "runid"     8) "803d8178c44a4380243523248dca0838c7964299"     9) "flags"    10) "slave"    11) "link-pending-commands"    12) "0"    13) "link-refcount"    14) "1"    15) "last-ping-sent"    16) "0"    17) "last-ok-ping-reply"    18) "448"    19) "last-ping-reply"    20) "448"    21) "down-after-milliseconds"    22) "30000"    23) "info-refresh"    24) "4606"    25) "role-reported"    26) "slave"    27) "role-reported-time"    28) "235627"    29) "master-link-down-time"    30) "0"    31) "master-link-status"    32) "ok"    33) "master-host"    34) "192.168.2.177"    35) "master-port"    36) "6379"    37) "slave-priority"    38) "100"    39) "slave-repl-offset"    40) "47120"

由上输出可见 Redis 从服务正常。

哨兵集群常用命令

SENTINEL masters                            #列出所有被监视的master,以及当前master状态SENTINEL master                       #列出指定的masterSENTINEL slaves                       #列出给定master的所有slave以及slave状态SENTINEL sentinels                     #列出监控指定的master的所有sentinelSENTINEL get-master-addr-by-name              #返回给定master名字的服务器的IP地址和端口号SENTINEL reset                         #重置所有匹配pattern表达式的master状态SENTINEL failover                      #当msater失效时, 在不询问其他 Sentinel 意见的情况下, 强制开始一次自动故障迁移,但是它会给其他sentinel发送一个最新的配置,其他sentinel会根据这个配置进行更新SENTINEL ckquorum                      #检查当前sentinel的配置能否达到故障切换master所需的数量,此命令可用于检测sentinel部署是否正常,正常返回okSENTINEL flushconfig                                                   #强制sentinel将运行时配置写入磁盘,包括当前sentinel状态

redis启动脚本

#!/bin/sh#chkconfig: 2345 55 25## Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:     redis_6379# Default-Start:        2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:         0 1 6# Short-Description:    Redis data structure server# Description:          Redis data structure server. See https://redis.io### END INIT INFOsource /etc/init.d/functionsREDISPORT=6379EXEC=/usr/bin/redis-serverCLIEXEC=/usr/bin/redis-cliPIDFILE=/wdata/redis/data/redis.pidCONF="/wdata/redis/config/redis.conf"AUTH=""BIND_IP='192.168.2.177'start(){    if [ -f $PIDFILE ]    then            echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"    else            echo "Starting Redis server..."            $EXEC $CONF    fi    if [ "$?"="0" ]    then        echo "Redis is running..."     else        echo "Redis not running !"    fi}stop(){    if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]    then        echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"    else        PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)        echo "Stopping ..."        #$CLIEXEC -h $BIND_IP -a $AUTH -p $REDISPORT shutdown        $CLIEXEC -h $BIND_IP -p $REDISPORT shutdown        while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]        do            echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."            sleep 1        done        echo "Redis stopped."    fi}status(){    ps -ef | grep redis-server | grep -v grep >/dev/null 2>&1    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then        echo "redis server is running."    else        echo "redis server is stopped."    fi}case "$1" in    start)        start        ;;    stop)        stop        ;;    restart)        stop        start            ;;    status)        status        ;;    *)        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"        ;;esac

sentinel启动脚本

#!/bin/sh#chkconfig: 2345 55 25## Simple Sentinel init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:     redis_6379# Default-Start:        2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:         0 1 6# Short-Description:    Sentinel data structure server# Description:          Sentinel data structure server. See https://redis.io### END INIT INFOsource /etc/init.d/functionsREDISPORT=26379EXEC=/usr/bin/redis-sentinelCLIEXEC=/usr/bin/redis-cliPIDFILE=/wdata/redis/data/redis-sentinel.pidCONF="/wdata/redis/config/sentinel.conf"AUTH=""BIND_IP='192.168.2.177'start(){    if [ -f $PIDFILE ]    then            echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"    else            echo "Starting Sentinel server..."            $EXEC $CONF    fi    if [ "$?"="0" ]    then        echo "Sentinel is running..."     else        echo "Sentinel not running !"    fi}stop(){    if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]    then        echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"    else        PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)        echo "Stopping ..."        #$CLIEXEC -h $BIND_IP -a $AUTH -p $REDISPORT shutdown        $CLIEXEC -h $BIND_IP -p $REDISPORT shutdown        while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]        do            echo "Waiting for Sentinel to shutdown ..."            sleep 1        done        echo "Sentinel stopped."    fi}status(){    ps -ef | grep redis-sentinel | grep -v grep >/dev/null 2>&1    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then        echo "Sentinel server is running."    else        echo "Sentinel server is stopped."    fi}case "$1" in    start)        start        ;;    stop)        stop        ;;    restart)        stop        start            ;;    status)        status        ;;    *)        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"        ;;esac


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