Python中Django设计的示例分析

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django设计

user-用户管理
curser-课程管理
organization-机构和教师管理

数据表生成与修改各APP models设计

users models 设计

修改users目录下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser# Create your models here.class UserProfile(AbstractUser):    # verbose_name：备注    # blank：是否可以为空    #    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"昵称",default="")    birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日",blank=True)    gender = models.CharField(choices=(('male',u'男'),('female',u'女')),default="female",max_length=6)    address = models.CharField(max_length=100,default=u"")    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True)    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png",max_length=100)    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户信息"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __unicode__(self):        return self.usernameclass EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):    code = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"验证码")    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"邮箱")    send_type = models.CharField(max_length=10,choices=(("register",u"注册"),("forget",u"找回密码")),)    send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"邮箱验证码"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Banner(models.Model):    title = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"标题")    image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,upload_to="banner/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"轮播图")    url = models.URLField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"访问地址")    index = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u"顺序",default=100)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"轮播图"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，将我们的app users加入，添加AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'users',]AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

运行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

解决问题：
pip3 install Pillow(安装Pillow包)

python manage.py makemigrations users
python manage.py migrate users

解决users.0001_initial,将配置文件中的INSTALLED_APPS中的django.contrib.admin注释掉

course models 设计

修改course 目录下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import  datetimefrom django.db import models# Create your models here.class Course(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"课程名")    desc = models.CharField(max_length=300,verbose_name=u"课程描述")    detail = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"课程详情")    degree = models.CharField(max_length=2,choices=(('cj','初级'),('zj','中级'),('gj','高级')))    learn_time = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"学习时长")    students = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"学习人数")    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏人数")    image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,verbose_name="封面图片",upload_to="courses/%Y/%m")    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"点击数")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"课程"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Lesson(models.Model):    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    name = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"章节名")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"章节"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Video(models.Model):    lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson,verbose_name=u"章节",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"视频名")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"视频"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseResource(models.Model):    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"名称")    download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/recourse/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"资源文件",                                max_length=100)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"课程资源"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，将我们的app course加入

INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'users',    'course',]

运行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

原因

在django2.0后，定义外键和一对一关系的时候需要加on_delete选项，此参数为了避免两个表里的数据不一致问题，不然会报错：

TypeError: init() missing 1 required positional argument: 'on_delete'

涉及到外键都需要改成

course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

organization models 设计

修改organization目录下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import models# Create your models here.class CityDict(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市名称")    desc = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"城市描述")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"城市"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseOrg(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"机构名称")    desc = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"机构描述")    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"点击数")    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏数")    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"封面图",max_length=100)    address = models.CharField(max_length=150,verbose_name=u"机构地址")    city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict,verbose_name=u"所在城市",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"课程机构"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Teacher(models.Model):    org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg,verbose_name=u"所属机构",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教师名称")    work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"工作年限")    work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"就职公司")    work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"公司职位")    points = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"教学特点")    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏数")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"教师"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，将我们的app organization加入

INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'users',    'course',    'organization', ]

operation models 设计

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom users.models import UserProfilefrom course.models import Course# Create your models here.class UserAsk(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名")    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手机")    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"课程名")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户咨询"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseComments(models.Model):    # 课程评论    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"评论")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"评论时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"课程评论"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserFavorite(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"数据id")    fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'课程'),(2,'课程机构'),(3,'讲师')),default=1,                                   verbose_name=u"收藏类型")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户收藏"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserMessage(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息内容")    has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已读")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户信息"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserCourse(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户课程"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，将我们的app operation加入

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom users.models import UserProfilefrom course.models import Course# Create your models here.class UserAsk(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名")    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手机")    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"课程名")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户咨询"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseComments(models.Model):    # 课程评论    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"评论")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"评论时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"课程评论"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserFavorite(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"数据id")    fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'课程'),(2,'课程机构'),(3,'讲师')),default=1,                                   verbose_name=u"收藏类型")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户收藏"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserMessage(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息内容")    has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已读")    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户信息"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserCourse(models.Model):    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = u"用户课程"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

将4个app统一放到apps包下

因为app太多，不好管理，所以统一放到apps目录下进行管理

将app路径写入到配置文件setting.py中，防止包导入失败

import osimport sys# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
生成数据表

> 运行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

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