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Django之入门 CMDB系统 (六) 前后端分离之后端

发表于：2024-11-23 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月23日，Django之入门 CMDB系统 (六) 前后端分离之后端前言作者: 何全，github地址: https://github.com/××× QQ交流群: ×××通过此教程完成从零入门，能够独立编写一

千家信息网最后更新 2024年11月23日Django之入门 CMDB系统 (六) 前后端分离之后端

Django之入门 CMDB系统 (六) 前后端分离之后端

前言

作者: 何全，github地址: https://github.com/××× QQ交流群: ×××
通过此教程完成从零入门，能够独立编写一个简单的CMDB系统。
目前主流的方法开发方式，分为2种：mvc 和 mvvc方式。本教程为 mvvc(前后端分离)的入门教程。
教程项目地址: https://github.com/×××/panda/
教程文档地址: https://github.com/×××/pandaAdmin

基础

主要使用 djangorestframework 模块,提供 api。 drf 中文文档 http://drf.jiuyou.info/#/drf/requests
基础环境配置可以看前面的第一篇。
mvvc 后端和mvc 后端，基本配置信息部分差不多,以下是列出不一样的部分。

模块

django-cors-headersdjango-crispy-formsdjango-filterdjango-pure-paginationdjangorestframeworkdjango-rest-swagger

settings

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'system.users'   #更改user表INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'system.apps.SystemConfig',    'rest_framework',    'rest_framework.authtoken',    'corsheaders',    'django_filters',]MIDDLEWARE = [    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]## rest apiREST_FRAMEWORK = {    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',        'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',    ),    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (        'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',        'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer'  # 注释掉 可以关闭  api web界面    ),    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (        # 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',    ),    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',    'PAGE_SIZE': 10,    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',),    'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema'}CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = TrueCORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = TrueCORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = (    '*',)MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ('system.views.DisableCSRFCheck',)

system.views.DisableCSRFCheck

class DisableCSRFCheck(object):    def process_request(self, request):        setattr(request, '_dont_enforce_csrf_checks', True)

urls.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom rest_framework.authtoken import viewsfrom rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urlsfrom django.conf.urls import includeAPI_TITLE = '文档'API_DESCRIPTION = '文档'urlpatterns = [    path('system/', include('system.urls', namespace='system')),    path('admin/', admin.site.urls, ),    path('token', views.obtain_auth_token),    path('docs', include_docs_urls(title=API_TITLE, description=API_DESCRIPTION, authentication_classes=[],                                        permission_classes=[])),]

例子

新建app system
models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, Group, Userclass Users(AbstractUser):    """    基于django表  添加字段 , 如有需要调用user的情况,请使用此表    """    position = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='职位信息', blank=True, null=True)    avatar = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='头像', blank=True, null=True)    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手机', blank=True, null=True)    class Meta:        db_table = 'users'        verbose_name = '用户信息'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.usernameclass Test(models.Model):    date = models.CharField(max_length=96, verbose_name='日期', blank=True, null=True, )    name = models.CharField(max_length=96, verbose_name='姓名', blank=True, null=True, )    address = models.CharField(max_length=96, verbose_name='地址', blank=True, null=True, )    # c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True, verbose_name='创建时间', blank=True)    # u_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True, verbose_name='更新时间', blank=True)    class Meta:        db_table = "test"        verbose_name = "测试"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.name

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializersfrom system.models import Testclass TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = Test        fields = '__all__'

views.py

class TestList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):    queryset = Test.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')    serializer_class = TestSerializer    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter)    filter_fields = ('id', 'date','name')    search_fields = ('id', 'name',)    permission_classes = (permissions.DjangoModelPermissions,)  # 继承 django的权限class TestDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):    queryset = Test.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')    serializer_class = TestSerializer    permission_classes = (permissions.DjangoModelPermissions,)class UserInfo(APIView):    """    获取用户信息    """    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,)    def post(self, request):        token = (json.loads(request.body))['token']        obj = Token.objects.get(key=token).user        result = {            'name': obj.username,            'user_id': obj.id,            'access': list(obj.get_all_permissions()) + ['admin'] if obj.is_superuser else list(                obj.get_all_permissions()),            'token': token,            'avatar': ''        }        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(result))class UserLogout(APIView):    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticated,)    def post(self, request):        token = (json.loads(request.body))['token']        obj = Token.objects.get(key=token)        obj.delete()        result = {            "status": True        }        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(result))

urls.py

app_name = "system"urlpatterns = [    path('user_info', UserInfo.as_view()),    path('logout', UserLogout.as_view()),    path('test', TestList.as_view()),    path('test/', TestDetail.as_view())]

admin.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom system.models import Users, Testfrom django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdminclass UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):    fieldsets = (        (None, {'fields': ('username', 'password')}),        ('基本信息', {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name', 'email')}),        ('权限', {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser', 'groups', 'user_permissions')}),        ('登录时间', {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),        ('其他信息', {'fields': (            'position', 'avatar', 'mobile',)}),    )    @classmethod    def show_group(self, obj):        return [i.name for i in obj.groups.all()]    @classmethod    def show_user_permissions(self, obj):        return [i.name for i in obj.user_permissions.all()]    list_display = ('username', 'show_group', 'show_user_permissions')    list_display_links = ('username',)    search_fields = ('username',)    filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions')admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)admin.site.register(Test)admin.site.site_header = '管理后台'admin.site.site_title = admin.site.site_header