mysql grant 用户权限总结
mysql grant 用户权限总结
http://blog.csdn.net/wulantian/article/details/38230635
很明显总共28个权限:下面是具体的权限介绍:转载的,记录一下:
一.权限表
mysql数据库中的3个权限表:user 、db、 host
权限表的存取过程是:
1)先从user表中的host、 user、 password这3个字段中判断连接的IP、用户名、密码是否存在表中,存在则通过身份验证;
2)通过权限验证,进行权限分配时,按照useràdbàtables_privàcolumns_priv的顺序进行分配。即先检查全局权限表user,如果user中对应的权限为Y,则此用户对所有数据库的权限都为Y,将不再检查db, tables_priv,columns_priv;如果为N,则到db表中检查此用户对应的具体数据库,并得到db中为Y的权限;如果db中为N,则检查tables_priv中此数据库对应的具体表,取得表中的权限Y,以此类推。
二.MySQL各种权限(共27个)
(以下操作都是以root身份登陆进行grant授权,以p1@localhost身份登陆执行各种命令。)
1. usage
连接(登陆)权限,建立一个用户,就会自动授予其usage权限(默认授予)。
- mysql> grant usage on *.* to 'p1′@'localhost' identified by '123′;
2. select
必须有select的权限,才可以使用select table
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- mysql> grant select on pyt.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- mysql> select * from shop;
必须有create的权限,才可以使用create table
- mysql> grant create on pyt.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
必须具有create routine的权限,才可以使用{create |alter|drop} {procedure|function}
- mysql> grant create routine on pyt.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- mysql> show grants for 'p1′@'localhost';
- +-------------------------+
- Grants for p1@localhost
- +-------------------------+
- | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'p1′@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257′ |
- | GRANT SELECT, CREATE, CREATE ROUTINE ON `pyt`.* TO 'p1′@'localhost'|
- | GRANT EXECUTE, ALTER ROUTINE ON PROCEDURE `pyt`.`pro_shop1` TO 'p1′@'localhost' |
- +-----------------------------+
5. create temporary tables(注意这里是tables,不是table)
必须有create temporary tables的权限,才可以使用create temporary tables.
- mysql> grant create temporary tables on pyt.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- [mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
- mysql> create temporary table tt1(id int);
必须有create view的权限,才可以使用create view
- mysql> grant create view on pyt.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- mysql> create view v_shop as select price from shop;
要使用CREATE USER,必须拥有mysql数据库的全局CREATE USER权限,或拥有INSERT权限。
- mysql> grant create user on *.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- 或:
- mysql> grant insert on *.* to p1@localhost;
8. insert
必须有insert的权限,才可以使用insert into ….. values….
9. alter
必须有alter的权限,才可以使用alter table
- alter table shop modify dealer char(15);
10. alter routine
必须具有alter routine的权限,才可以使用{alter |drop} {procedure|function}
- mysql>grant alter routine on pyt.* to 'p1′@' localhost ';
- mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> revoke alter routine on pyt.* from 'p1′@'localhost';
- [mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
- mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
- ERROR 1370 (42000): alter routine command denied to user 'p1′@'localhost' for routine 'pyt.pro_shop'
11. update
必须有update的权限,才可以使用update table
- mysql> update shop set price=3.5 where article=0001 and dealer='A
12. delete
必须有delete的权限,才可以使用delete from ….where….(删除表中的记录)
13. drop
必须有drop的权限,才可以使用drop database db_name; drop table tab_name;
- drop view vi_name; drop index in_name;
14. show database
通过show database只能看到你拥有的某些权限的数据库,除非你拥有全局SHOW DATABASES权限。
对于p1@localhost用户来说,没有对mysql数据库的权限,所以以此身份登陆查询时,无法看到mysql数据库:
- mysql> show databases;
- +-------+
- | Database |
- +-------+
- | information_schema|
- | pyt |
- | test |
- +-------+
15. show view
必须拥有show view权限,才能执行show create view。
- mysql> grant show view on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> show create view v_shop;
必须拥有index权限,才能执行[create |drop] index
- mysql> grant index on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> create index ix_shop on shop(article);
- mysql> drop index ix_shop on shop;
17. excute
执行存在的Functions,Procedures
- mysql> call pro_shop1(0001,@a);
- +---+
- | article |
- +---+
- | 0001 |
- | 0001 |
- +---+
- mysql> select @a;
- +--+
- | @a |
- +--+
- | 2 |
- +--+
必须拥有lock tables权限,才可以使用lock tables
- mysql> grant lock tables on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> lock tables a1 read;
- mysql> unlock tables;
有了REFERENCES权限,用户就可以将其它表的一个字段作为某一个表的外键约束。
20. reload
必须拥有reload权限,才可以执行flush [tables | logs | privileges]
- mysql> grant reload on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
- ERROR 1221 (HY000): Incorrect usage of DB GRANT and GLOBAL PRIVILEGES
- mysql> grant reload on *.* to 'p1′@'localhost';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> flush tables;
拥有此权限可以查询master server、slave server状态。
- mysql> show master status;
- ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the SUPER,REPLICATION CLIENT privilege for this operation
- mysql> grant Replication client on *.* to p1@localhost;
- 或:
- mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> show master status;
- +------+----+-----+------+
- | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
- +------+----+-----+------+
- | mysql-bin.000006 | 2111 | | |
- +------+----+-----+------+
- mysql> show slave status;
22. replication slave
拥有此权限可以查看从服务器,从主服务器读取二进制日志。
- mysql> show slave hosts;
- ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the REPLICATION SLAVE privilege for this operation
- mysql> show binlog events;
- ERROR 1227 (42000): Access denied; you need the REPLICATION SLAVE privilege for this operation
- mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> show slave hosts;
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
- mysql>show binlog events;
- +-----+---+------+----+-----+-----+
- | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id| End_log_pos|Info |
- +-----+---+-----+----+-----+-----+
- | mysql-bin.000005 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 98 | Server ver: 5.0.77-log, Binlog ver: 4 | |mysql-bin.000005|98|Query|1|197|use `mysql`; create table a1(i int)engine=myisam|
- ……………………………………
23. Shutdown
关闭MySQL:
- [mysql@mydev ~]$ mysqladmin shutdown
重新连接:
- [mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql
- ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
- [mysql@mydev ~]$ cd /u01/mysql/bin
- [mysql@mydev bin]$ ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/u01/mysql/my.cnf & 启动指定配置文件 defaults-file
- [mysql@mydev bin]$ mysql
24. grant option
拥有grant option,就可以将自己拥有的权限授予其他用户(仅限于自己已经拥有的权限)
- mysql> grant Grant option on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
- mysql> grant select on pyt.* to p2@localhost;
25. file
拥有file权限才可以执行 select ..into outfile和load data infile…操作,但是不要把file, process, super权限授予管理员以外的账号,这样存在严重的安全隐患。
mysql> grant file on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> load data infile '/home/mysql/pet.txt' into table pet;
26. super
这个权限允许用户终止任何查询;修改全局变量的SET语句;使用CHANGE MASTER,PURGE MASTER LOGS。
mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
mysql> purge master logs before 'mysql-bin.000006′;
27. process
通过这个权限,用户可以执行SHOW PROCESSLIST和KILL命令。默认情况下,每个用户都可以执行SHOW PROCESSLIST命令,但是只能查询本用户的进程。
mysql> show processlist;
+--+--+----+--+---+--+---+------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+--+--+----+--+---+--+---+------+
| 12 | p1 | localhost | pyt | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+--+--+----+--+---+--+---+------+
另外,
管理权限(如 super, process, file等)不能够指定某个数据库,on后面必须跟*.*
mysql> grant super on pyt.* to p1@localhost;
ERROR 1221 (HY000): Incorrect usage of DB GRANT and GLOBAL PRIVILEGES
mysql> grant super on *.* to p1@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
初始化的app/admin账号权限
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, EXECUTE ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'asdfa';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE ON *.* TO 'app'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD