Zend Framework之Zend_Db数据库操作的示例分析

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具体如下：

引言：Zend操作数据库通过Zend_Db_Adapter

它可以连接多种数据库，可以是DB2数据库、MySQli数据库、Oracle数据库。等等。

只需要配置相应的参数就可以了。

下面通过案例来展示一下其连接数据库的过程。

连接mysql数据库

代码：

'127.0.0.1',  'username'=>'root',  'password'=>'',  'dbname'=>'test'  );$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);

点评：

这是连接mysql的代码案例，提供相应的参数就可以了。连接不同的数据库，提供不同的参数。下面是sqlite的例子

代码：

'test.mdb');$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Sqlite',$params);

点评：

sqlite明显参数不一样了，只需要提供数据库名字就可以了。
连接完数据库之后，就可以查询数据库信息以及操作数据库信息了。
如果查询呢？

下面是查询的代码案例：

'127.0.0.1',  'username'=>'root',  'password'=>'',  'dbname'=>'test'  );$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);$sql = $db->quoteInto('SELECT * FROM user WHERE idquery($sql);  //执行SQL查询$r_a = $result->fetchAll(); //返回结果数组print_r($r_a);

点评：

执行完上述代码，就会展示出数据库中前五条记录的信息。

那么这其中的玄机是什么呢？

我们来看一下源码。

我们来看看Db.php中的factory方法

public static function factory($adapter, $config = array()){    if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) {      $config = $config->toArray();    }    /*     * Convert Zend_Config argument to plain string     * adapter name and separate config object.     */    if ($adapter instanceof Zend_Config) {      if (isset($adapter->params)) {        $config = $adapter->params->toArray();      }      if (isset($adapter->adapter)) {        $adapter = (string) $adapter->adapter;      } else {        $adapter = null;      }    }    /*     * Verify that adapter parameters are in an array.     */    if (!is_array($config)) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Exception('Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object');    }    /*     * Verify that an adapter name has been specified.     */    if (!is_string($adapter) || empty($adapter)) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Exception('Adapter name must be specified in a string');    }    /*     * Form full adapter class name     */    $adapterNamespace = 'Zend_Db_Adapter';    if (isset($config['adapterNamespace'])) {      if ($config['adapterNamespace'] != '') {        $adapterNamespace = $config['adapterNamespace'];      }      unset($config['adapterNamespace']);    }    // Adapter no longer normalized- see http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-5606    $adapterName = $adapterNamespace . '_';    $adapterName .= str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower($adapter))));    print_r($adapterName);exit;    /*     * Load the adapter class. This throws an exception     * if the specified class cannot be loaded.     */    if (!class_exists($adapterName)) {      require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';      Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName);    }    /*     * Create an instance of the adapter class.     * Pass the config to the adapter class constructor.     */    $dbAdapter = new $adapterName($config);    /*     * Verify that the object created is a descendent of the abstract adapter type.     */    if (! $dbAdapter instanceof Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Exception("Adapter class '$adapterName' does not extend Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract");    }    return $dbAdapter;}

点评：这个方法就是核心了，代码量不多，但是作用很明确，它会通过你提供的两个参数，自动生成相应的数据库连接类的对象。具有一定的灵活性，机动性。

主要是其中的

$adapterName = $adapterNamespace . '_';$adapterName .= str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower($adapter))));/* * Load the adapter class. This throws an exception * if the specified class cannot be loaded. */if (!class_exists($adapterName)) {      require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';      Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName);}

这段代码会引入相应的数据库连接类，比如前面的两个例子，就是分别引入了Zend目录下Db目录下Adapter目录下Pdo目录下的mysql.php类。

不同的数据库，会引入不同的数据库文件。

我们来看看mysql.php类中的内容：

 Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,    Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'INT'        => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    'INTEGER'      => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    'MEDIUMINT'     => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    'SMALLINT'      => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    'TINYINT'      => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    'BIGINT'       => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,    'SERIAL'       => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,    'DEC'        => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'DECIMAL'      => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'DOUBLE'       => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'DOUBLE PRECISION'  => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'FIXED'       => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,    'FLOAT'       => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE  );  /**   * Override _dsn() and ensure that charset is incorporated in mysql   * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract::_dsn()   */  protected function _dsn()  {    $dsn = parent::_dsn();    if (isset($this->_config['charset'])) {      $dsn .= ';charset=' . $this->_config['charset'];    }    return $dsn;  }  /**   * Creates a PDO object and connects to the database.   *   * @return void   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  protected function _connect()  {    if ($this->_connection) {      return;    }    if (!empty($this->_config['charset'])) {      $initCommand = "SET NAMES '" . $this->_config['charset'] . "'";      $this->_config['driver_options'][1002] = $initCommand; // 1002 = PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND    }    parent::_connect();  }  /**   * @return string   */  public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol()  {    return "`";  }  /**   * Returns a list of the tables in the database.   *   * @return array   */  public function listTables()  {    return $this->fetchCol('SHOW TABLES');  }  /**   * Returns the column descriptions for a table.   *   * The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,   * as returned by the RDBMS.   *   * The value of each array element is an associative array   * with the following keys:   *   * SCHEMA_NAME   => string; name of database or schema   * TABLE_NAME    => string;   * COLUMN_NAME   => string; column name   * COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table   * DATA_TYPE    => string; SQL datatype name of column   * DEFAULT     => string; default expression of column, null if none   * NULLABLE     => boolean; true if column can have nulls   * LENGTH      => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR   * SCALE      => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL   * PRECISION    => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL   * UNSIGNED     => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type   * PRIMARY     => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key   * PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key   * IDENTITY     => integer; true if column is auto-generated with unique values   *   * @param string $tableName   * @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL   * @return array   */  public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null)  {    // @todo use INFORMATION_SCHEMA someday when MySQL's    // implementation has reasonably good performance and    // the version with this improvement is in wide use.    if ($schemaName) {      $sql = 'DESCRIBE ' . $this->quoteIdentifier("$schemaName.$tableName", true);    } else {      $sql = 'DESCRIBE ' . $this->quoteIdentifier($tableName, true);    }    $stmt = $this->query($sql);    // Use FETCH_NUM so we are not dependent on the CASE attribute of the PDO connection    $result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM);    $field  = 0;    $type  = 1;    $null  = 2;    $key   = 3;    $default = 4;    $extra  = 5;    $desc = array();    $i = 1;    $p = 1;    foreach ($result as $row) {      list($length, $scale, $precision, $unsigned, $primary, $primaryPosition, $identity)        = array(null, null, null, null, false, null, false);      if (preg_match('/unsigned/', $row[$type])) {        $unsigned = true;      }      if (preg_match('/^((?:var)?char)\((\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {        $row[$type] = $matches[1];        $length = $matches[2];      } else if (preg_match('/^decimal\((\d+),(\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {        $row[$type] = 'decimal';        $precision = $matches[1];        $scale = $matches[2];      } else if (preg_match('/^float\((\d+),(\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {        $row[$type] = 'float';        $precision = $matches[1];        $scale = $matches[2];      } else if (preg_match('/^((?:big|medium|small|tiny)?int)\((\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {        $row[$type] = $matches[1];        // The optional argument of a MySQL int type is not precision        // or length; it is only a hint for display width.      }      if (strtoupper($row[$key]) == 'PRI') {        $primary = true;        $primaryPosition = $p;        if ($row[$extra] == 'auto_increment') {          $identity = true;        } else {          $identity = false;        }        ++$p;      }      $desc[$this->foldCase($row[$field])] = array(        'SCHEMA_NAME'   => null, // @todo        'TABLE_NAME'    => $this->foldCase($tableName),        'COLUMN_NAME'   => $this->foldCase($row[$field]),        'COLUMN_POSITION' => $i,        'DATA_TYPE'    => $row[$type],        'DEFAULT'     => $row[$default],        'NULLABLE'     => (bool) ($row[$null] == 'YES'),        'LENGTH'      => $length,        'SCALE'      => $scale,        'PRECISION'    => $precision,        'UNSIGNED'     => $unsigned,        'PRIMARY'     => $primary,        'PRIMARY_POSITION' => $primaryPosition,        'IDENTITY'     => $identity      );      ++$i;    }    return $desc;  }  /**   * Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.   *   * @param string $sql   * @param integer $count   * @param integer $offset OPTIONAL   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   * @return string   */   public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0)   {    $count = intval($count);    if ($count <= 0) {      /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument count=$count is not valid");    }    $offset = intval($offset);    if ($offset < 0) {      /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument offset=$offset is not valid");    }    $sql .= " LIMIT $count";    if ($offset > 0) {      $sql .= " OFFSET $offset";    }    return $sql;  }}

这里又引入了一个Abstract类，抽象类

_config settings.   *   * @return string   */  protected function _dsn()  {    // baseline of DSN parts    $dsn = $this->_config;    // don't pass the username, password, charset, persistent and driver_options in the DSN    unset($dsn['username']);    unset($dsn['password']);    unset($dsn['options']);    unset($dsn['charset']);    unset($dsn['persistent']);    unset($dsn['driver_options']);    // use all remaining parts in the DSN    foreach ($dsn as $key => $val) {      $dsn[$key] = "$key=$val";    }    return $this->_pdoType . ':' . implode(';', $dsn);  }  /**   * Creates a PDO object and connects to the database.   *   * @return void   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  protected function _connect()  {    // if we already have a PDO object, no need to re-connect.    if ($this->_connection) {      return;    }    // get the dsn first, because some adapters alter the $_pdoType    $dsn = $this->_dsn();    // check for PDO extension    if (!extension_loaded('pdo')) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded');    }    // check the PDO driver is available    if (!in_array($this->_pdoType, PDO::getAvailableDrivers())) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The ' . $this->_pdoType . ' driver is not currently installed');    }    // create PDO connection    $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('connect', Zend_Db_Profiler::CONNECT);    // add the persistence flag if we find it in our config array    if (isset($this->_config['persistent']) && ($this->_config['persistent'] == true)) {      $this->_config['driver_options'][PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = true;    }    try {      $this->_connection = new PDO(        $dsn,        $this->_config['username'],        $this->_config['password'],        $this->_config['driver_options']      );      $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);      // set the PDO connection to perform case-folding on array keys, or not      $this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE, $this->_caseFolding);      // always use exceptions.      $this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);    } catch (PDOException $e) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);    }  }  /**   * Test if a connection is active   *   * @return boolean   */  public function isConnected()  {    return ((bool) ($this->_connection instanceof PDO));  }  /**   * Force the connection to close.   *   * @return void   */  public function closeConnection()  {    $this->_connection = null;  }  /**   * Prepares an SQL statement.   *   * @param string $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.   * @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.   * @return PDOStatement   */  public function prepare($sql)  {    $this->_connect();    $stmtClass = $this->_defaultStmtClass;    if (!class_exists($stmtClass)) {      require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';      Zend_Loader::loadClass($stmtClass);    }    $stmt = new $stmtClass($this, $sql);    $stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode);    return $stmt;  }  /**   * Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.   *   * As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences   * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence   * from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.   * On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method   * returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name   * argument is disregarded.   *   * On RDBMS brands that don't support sequences, $tableName and $primaryKey   * are ignored.   *   * @param string $tableName  OPTIONAL Name of table.   * @param string $primaryKey OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.   * @return string   */  public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null)  {    $this->_connect();    return $this->_connection->lastInsertId();  }  /**   * Special handling for PDO query().   * All bind parameter names must begin with ':'   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.   * @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.   * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception To re-throw PDOException.   */  public function query($sql, $bind = array())  {    if (empty($bind) && $sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {      $bind = $sql->getBind();    }    if (is_array($bind)) {      foreach ($bind as $name => $value) {        if (!is_int($name) && !preg_match('/^:/', $name)) {          $newName = ":$name";          unset($bind[$name]);          $bind[$newName] = $value;        }      }    }    try {      return parent::query($sql, $bind);    } catch (PDOException $e) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);    }  }  /**   * Executes an SQL statement and return the number of affected rows   *   * @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.   *           May be a string or Zend_Db_Select.   * @return integer   Number of rows that were modified   *           or deleted by the SQL statement   */  public function exec($sql)  {    if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {      $sql = $sql->assemble();    }    try {      $affected = $this->getConnection()->exec($sql);      if ($affected === false) {        $errorInfo = $this->getConnection()->errorInfo();        /**         * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception         */        require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($errorInfo[2]);      }      return $affected;    } catch (PDOException $e) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);    }  }  /**   * Quote a raw string.   *   * @param string $value   Raw string   * @return string      Quoted string   */  protected function _quote($value)  {    if (is_int($value) || is_float($value)) {      return $value;    }    $this->_connect();    return $this->_connection->quote($value);  }  /**   * Begin a transaction.   */  protected function _beginTransaction()  {    $this->_connect();    $this->_connection->beginTransaction();  }  /**   * Commit a transaction.   */  protected function _commit()  {    $this->_connect();    $this->_connection->commit();  }  /**   * Roll-back a transaction.   */  protected function _rollBack() {    $this->_connect();    $this->_connection->rollBack();  }  /**   * Set the PDO fetch mode.   *   * @todo Support FETCH_CLASS and FETCH_INTO.   *   * @param int $mode A PDO fetch mode.   * @return void   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  public function setFetchMode($mode)  {    //check for PDO extension    if (!extension_loaded('pdo')) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded');    }    switch ($mode) {      case PDO::FETCH_LAZY:      case PDO::FETCH_ASSOC:      case PDO::FETCH_NUM:      case PDO::FETCH_BOTH:      case PDO::FETCH_NAMED:      case PDO::FETCH_OBJ:        $this->_fetchMode = $mode;        break;      default:        /**         * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception         */        require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Invalid fetch mode '$mode' specified");        break;    }  }  /**   * Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.   *   * @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'   * @return bool   */  public function supportsParameters($type)  {    switch ($type) {      case 'positional':      case 'named':      default:        return true;    }  }  /**   * Retrieve server version in PHP style   *   * @return string   */  public function getServerVersion()  {    $this->_connect();    try {      $version = $this->_connection->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION);    } catch (PDOException $e) {      // In case of the driver doesn't support getting attributes      return null;    }    $matches = null;    if (preg_match('/((?:[0-9]{1,2}\.){1,3}[0-9]{1,2})/', $version, $matches)) {      return $matches[1];    } else {      return null;    }  }}

这个抽象类中又有另一个核心的抽象类。一些核心的方法都在这里

 Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,    Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,    Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE  );  /** Weither or not that object can get serialized   *   * @var bool   */  protected $_allowSerialization = true;  /**   * Weither or not the database should be reconnected   * to that adapter when waking up   *   * @var bool   */  protected $_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = false;  /**   * Constructor.   *   * $config is an array of key/value pairs or an instance of Zend_Config   * containing configuration options. These options are common to most adapters:   *   * dbname     => (string) The name of the database to user   * username    => (string) Connect to the database as this username.   * password    => (string) Password associated with the username.   * host      => (string) What host to connect to, defaults to localhost   *   * Some options are used on a case-by-case basis by adapters:   *   * port      => (string) The port of the database   * persistent   => (boolean) Whether to use a persistent connection or not, defaults to false   * protocol    => (string) The network protocol, defaults to TCPIP   * caseFolding  => (int) style of case-alteration used for identifiers   * socket     => (string) The socket or named pipe that should be used   *   * @param array|Zend_Config $config An array or instance of Zend_Config having configuration data   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  public function __construct($config)  {    /*     * Verify that adapter parameters are in an array.     */    if (!is_array($config)) {      /*       * Convert Zend_Config argument to a plain array.       */      if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) {        $config = $config->toArray();      } else {        /**         * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception         */        require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object');      }    }    $this->_checkRequiredOptions($config);    $options = array(      Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING      => $this->_caseFolding,      Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS => $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers,      Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE       => $this->_fetchMode,    );    $driverOptions = array();    /*     * normalize the config and merge it with the defaults     */    if (array_key_exists('options', $config)) {      // can't use array_merge() because keys might be integers      foreach ((array) $config['options'] as $key => $value) {        $options[$key] = $value;      }    }    if (array_key_exists('driver_options', $config)) {      if (!empty($config['driver_options'])) {        // can't use array_merge() because keys might be integers        foreach ((array) $config['driver_options'] as $key => $value) {          $driverOptions[$key] = $value;        }      }    }    if (!isset($config['charset'])) {      $config['charset'] = null;    }    if (!isset($config['persistent'])) {      $config['persistent'] = false;    }    $this->_config = array_merge($this->_config, $config);    $this->_config['options'] = $options;    $this->_config['driver_options'] = $driverOptions;    // obtain the case setting, if there is one    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING, $options)) {      $case = (int) $options[Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING];      switch ($case) {        case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER:        case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER:        case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL:          $this->_caseFolding = $case;          break;        default:          /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */          require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';          throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('Case must be one of the following constants: '            . 'Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL, Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER, Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER');      }    }    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE, $options)) {      if (is_string($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE])) {        $constant = 'Zend_Db::FETCH_' . strtoupper($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]);        if(defined($constant)) {          $options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE] = constant($constant);        }      }      $this->setFetchMode((int) $options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]);    }    // obtain quoting property if there is one    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS, $options)) {      $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS];    }    // obtain allow serialization property if there is one    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION, $options)) {      $this->_allowSerialization = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION];    }    // obtain auto reconnect on unserialize property if there is one    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE, $options)) {      $this->_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE];    }    // create a profiler object    $profiler = false;    if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::PROFILER, $this->_config)) {      $profiler = $this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER];      unset($this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER]);    }    $this->setProfiler($profiler);  }  /**   * Check for config options that are mandatory.   * Throw exceptions if any are missing.   *   * @param array $config   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  protected function _checkRequiredOptions(array $config)  {    // we need at least a dbname    if (! array_key_exists('dbname', $config)) {      /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'dbname' that names the database instance");    }    if (! array_key_exists('password', $config)) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'password' for login credentials");    }    if (! array_key_exists('username', $config)) {      /**       * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception       */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'username' for login credentials");    }  }  /**   * Returns the underlying database connection object or resource.   * If not presently connected, this initiates the connection.   *   * @return object|resource|null   */  public function getConnection()  {    $this->_connect();    return $this->_connection;  }  /**   * Returns the configuration variables in this adapter.   *   * @return array   */  public function getConfig()  {    return $this->_config;  }  /**   * Set the adapter's profiler object.   *   * The argument may be a boolean, an associative array, an instance of   * Zend_Db_Profiler, or an instance of Zend_Config.   *   * A boolean argument sets the profiler to enabled if true, or disabled if   * false. The profiler class is the adapter's default profiler class,   * Zend_Db_Profiler.   *   * An instance of Zend_Db_Profiler sets the adapter's instance to that   * object. The profiler is enabled and disabled separately.   *   * An associative array argument may contain any of the keys 'enabled',   * 'class', and 'instance'. The 'enabled' and 'instance' keys correspond to the   * boolean and object types documented above. The 'class' key is used to name a   * class to use for a custom profiler. The class must be Zend_Db_Profiler or a   * subclass. The class is instantiated with no constructor arguments. The 'class'   * option is ignored when the 'instance' option is supplied.   *   * An object of type Zend_Config may contain the properties 'enabled', 'class', and   * 'instance', just as if an associative array had been passed instead.   *   * @param Zend_Db_Profiler|Zend_Config|array|boolean $profiler   * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Provides a fluent interface   * @throws Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception if the object instance or class specified   *     is not Zend_Db_Profiler or an extension of that class.   */  public function setProfiler($profiler)  {    $enabled     = null;    $profilerClass  = $this->_defaultProfilerClass;    $profilerInstance = null;    if ($profilerIsObject = is_object($profiler)) {      if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) {        $profilerInstance = $profiler;      } else if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Config) {        $profiler = $profiler->toArray();      } else {        /**         * @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception         */        require_once 'Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception('Profiler argument must be an instance of either Zend_Db_Profiler'          . ' or Zend_Config when provided as an object');      }    }    if (is_array($profiler)) {      if (isset($profiler['enabled'])) {        $enabled = (bool) $profiler['enabled'];      }      if (isset($profiler['class'])) {        $profilerClass = $profiler['class'];      }      if (isset($profiler['instance'])) {        $profilerInstance = $profiler['instance'];      }    } else if (!$profilerIsObject) {      $enabled = (bool) $profiler;    }    if ($profilerInstance === null) {      if (!class_exists($profilerClass)) {        require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';        Zend_Loader::loadClass($profilerClass);      }      $profilerInstance = new $profilerClass();    }    if (!$profilerInstance instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) {      /** @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception('Class ' . get_class($profilerInstance) . ' does not extend '        . 'Zend_Db_Profiler');    }    if (null !== $enabled) {      $profilerInstance->setEnabled($enabled);    }    $this->_profiler = $profilerInstance;    return $this;  }  /**   * Returns the profiler for this adapter.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Profiler   */  public function getProfiler()  {    return $this->_profiler;  }  /**   * Get the default statement class.   *   * @return string   */  public function getStatementClass()  {    return $this->_defaultStmtClass;  }  /**   * Set the default statement class.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Fluent interface   */  public function setStatementClass($class)  {    $this->_defaultStmtClass = $class;    return $this;  }  /**   * Prepares and executes an SQL statement with bound data.   *   * @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.   *           May be a string or Zend_Db_Select.   * @param mixed $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.   * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Interface   */  public function query($sql, $bind = array())  {    // connect to the database if needed    $this->_connect();    // is the $sql a Zend_Db_Select object?    if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {      if (empty($bind)) {        $bind = $sql->getBind();      }      $sql = $sql->assemble();    }    // make sure $bind to an array;    // don't use (array) typecasting because    // because $bind may be a Zend_Db_Expr object    if (!is_array($bind)) {      $bind = array($bind);    }    // prepare and execute the statement with profiling    $stmt = $this->prepare($sql);    $stmt->execute($bind);    // return the results embedded in the prepared statement object    $stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode);    return $stmt;  }  /**   * Leave autocommit mode and begin a transaction.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract   */  public function beginTransaction()  {    $this->_connect();    $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('begin', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);    $this->_beginTransaction();    $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);    return $this;  }  /**   * Commit a transaction and return to autocommit mode.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract   */  public function commit()  {    $this->_connect();    $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('commit', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);    $this->_commit();    $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);    return $this;  }  /**   * Roll back a transaction and return to autocommit mode.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract   */  public function rollBack()  {    $this->_connect();    $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('rollback', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);    $this->_rollBack();    $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);    return $this;  }  /**   * Inserts a table row with specified data.   *   * @param mixed $table The table to insert data into.   * @param array $bind Column-value pairs.   * @return int The number of affected rows.   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  public function insert($table, array $bind)  {    // extract and quote col names from the array keys    $cols = array();    $vals = array();    $i = 0;    foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {      $cols[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true);      if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {        $vals[] = $val->__toString();        unset($bind[$col]);      } else {        if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {          $vals[] = '?';        } else {          if ($this->supportsParameters('named')) {            unset($bind[$col]);            $bind[':col'.$i] = $val;            $vals[] = ':col'.$i;            $i++;          } else {            /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn't support positional or named binding");          }        }      }    }    // build the statement    $sql = "INSERT INTO "       . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)       . ' (' . implode(', ', $cols) . ') '       . 'VALUES (' . implode(', ', $vals) . ')';    // execute the statement and return the number of affected rows    if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {      $bind = array_values($bind);    }    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $result = $stmt->rowCount();    return $result;  }  /**   * Updates table rows with specified data based on a WHERE clause.   *   * @param mixed    $table The table to update.   * @param array    $bind Column-value pairs.   * @param mixed    $where UPDATE WHERE clause(s).   * @return int     The number of affected rows.   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  public function update($table, array $bind, $where = '')  {    /**     * Build "col = ?" pairs for the statement,     * except for Zend_Db_Expr which is treated literally.     */    $set = array();    $i = 0;    foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {      if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {        $val = $val->__toString();        unset($bind[$col]);      } else {        if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {          $val = '?';        } else {          if ($this->supportsParameters('named')) {            unset($bind[$col]);            $bind[':col'.$i] = $val;            $val = ':col'.$i;            $i++;          } else {            /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */            require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn't support positional or named binding");          }        }      }      $set[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true) . ' = ' . $val;    }    $where = $this->_whereExpr($where);    /**     * Build the UPDATE statement     */    $sql = "UPDATE "       . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)       . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $set)       . (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : '');    /**     * Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows     */    if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {      $stmt = $this->query($sql, array_values($bind));    } else {      $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    }    $result = $stmt->rowCount();    return $result;  }  /**   * Deletes table rows based on a WHERE clause.   *   * @param mixed    $table The table to update.   * @param mixed    $where DELETE WHERE clause(s).   * @return int     The number of affected rows.   */  public function delete($table, $where = '')  {    $where = $this->_whereExpr($where);    /**     * Build the DELETE statement     */    $sql = "DELETE FROM "       . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)       . (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : '');    /**     * Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows     */    $stmt = $this->query($sql);    $result = $stmt->rowCount();    return $result;  }  /**   * Convert an array, string, or Zend_Db_Expr object   * into a string to put in a WHERE clause.   *   * @param mixed $where   * @return string   */  protected function _whereExpr($where)  {    if (empty($where)) {      return $where;    }    if (!is_array($where)) {      $where = array($where);    }    foreach ($where as $cond => &$term) {      // is $cond an int? (i.e. Not a condition)      if (is_int($cond)) {        // $term is the full condition        if ($term instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {          $term = $term->__toString();        }      } else {        // $cond is the condition with placeholder,        // and $term is quoted into the condition        $term = $this->quoteInto($cond, $term);      }      $term = '(' . $term . ')';    }    $where = implode(' AND ', $where);    return $where;  }  /**   * Creates and returns a new Zend_Db_Select object for this adapter.   *   * @return Zend_Db_Select   */  public function select()  {    return new Zend_Db_Select($this);  }  /**   * Get the fetch mode.   *   * @return int   */  public function getFetchMode()  {    return $this->_fetchMode;  }  /**   * Fetches all SQL result rows as a sequential array.   * Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed         $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @param mixed         $fetchMode Override current fetch mode.   * @return array   */  public function fetchAll($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null)  {    if ($fetchMode === null) {      $fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode;    }    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $result = $stmt->fetchAll($fetchMode);    return $result;  }  /**   * Fetches the first row of the SQL result.   * Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @param mixed         $fetchMode Override current fetch mode.   * @return mixed Array, object, or scalar depending on fetch mode.   */  public function fetchRow($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null)  {    if ($fetchMode === null) {      $fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode;    }    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $result = $stmt->fetch($fetchMode);    return $result;  }  /**   * Fetches all SQL result rows as an associative array.   *   * The first column is the key, the entire row array is the   * value. You should construct the query to be sure that   * the first column contains unique values, or else   * rows with duplicate values in the first column will   * overwrite previous data.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @return array   */  public function fetchAssoc($sql, $bind = array())  {    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $data = array();    while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC)) {      $tmp = array_values(array_slice($row, 0, 1));      $data[$tmp[0]] = $row;    }    return $data;  }  /**   * Fetches the first column of all SQL result rows as an array.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @return array   */  public function fetchCol($sql, $bind = array())  {    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_COLUMN, 0);    return $result;  }  /**   * Fetches all SQL result rows as an array of key-value pairs.   *   * The first column is the key, the second column is the   * value.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @return array   */  public function fetchPairs($sql, $bind = array())  {    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $data = array();    while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) {      $data[$row[0]] = $row[1];    }    return $data;  }  /**   * Fetches the first column of the first row of the SQL result.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.   * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.   * @return string   */  public function fetchOne($sql, $bind = array())  {    $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);    $result = $stmt->fetchColumn(0);    return $result;  }  /**   * Quote a raw string.   *   * @param string $value   Raw string   * @return string      Quoted string   */  protected function _quote($value)  {    if (is_int($value)) {      return $value;    } elseif (is_float($value)) {      return sprintf('%F', $value);    }    return "'" . addcslashes($value, "\000\n\r\\'\"\032") . "'";  }  /**   * Safely quotes a value for an SQL statement.   *   * If an array is passed as the value, the array values are quoted   * and then returned as a comma-separated string.   *   * @param mixed $value The value to quote.   * @param mixed $type OPTIONAL the SQL datatype name, or constant, or null.   * @return mixed An SQL-safe quoted value (or string of separated values).   */  public function quote($value, $type = null)  {    $this->_connect();    if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {      return '(' . $value->assemble() . ')';    }    if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {      return $value->__toString();    }    if (is_array($value)) {      foreach ($value as &$val) {        $val = $this->quote($val, $type);      }      return implode(', ', $value);    }    if ($type !== null && array_key_exists($type = strtoupper($type), $this->_numericDataTypes)) {      $quotedValue = '0';      switch ($this->_numericDataTypes[$type]) {        case Zend_Db::INT_TYPE: // 32-bit integer          $quotedValue = (string) intval($value);          break;        case Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE: // 64-bit integer          // ANSI SQL-style hex literals (e.g. x'[\dA-F]+')          // are not supported here, because these are string          // literals, not numeric literals.          if (preg_match('/^(             [+-]?         # optional sign             (?:              0[Xx][\da-fA-F]+   # ODBC-style hexadecimal              |\d+         # decimal or octal, or MySQL ZEROFILL decimal              (?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?  # optional exponent on decimals or octals             )            )/x',            (string) $value, $matches)) {            $quotedValue = $matches[1];          }          break;        case Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE: // float or decimal          $quotedValue = sprintf('%F', $value);      }      return $quotedValue;    }    return $this->_quote($value);  }  /**   * Quotes a value and places into a piece of text at a placeholder.   *   * The placeholder is a question-mark; all placeholders will be replaced   * with the quoted value.  For example:   *   *    * $text = "WHERE date < ?";   * $date = "2005-01-02";   * $safe = $sql->quoteInto($text, $date);   * // $safe = "WHERE date < '2005-01-02'"   *    *   * @param string $text The text with a placeholder.   * @param mixed  $value The value to quote.   * @param string $type OPTIONAL SQL datatype   * @param integer $count OPTIONAL count of placeholders to replace   * @return string An SQL-safe quoted value placed into the original text.   */  public function quoteInto($text, $value, $type = null, $count = null)  {    if ($count === null) {      return str_replace('?', $this->quote($value, $type), $text);    } else {      while ($count > 0) {        if (strpos($text, '?') !== false) {          $text = substr_replace($text, $this->quote($value, $type), strpos($text, '?'), 1);        }        --$count;      }      return $text;    }  }  /**   * Quotes an identifier.   *   * Accepts a string representing a qualified indentifier. For Example:   *    * $adapter->quoteIdentifier('myschema.mytable')   *    * Returns: "myschema"."mytable"   *   * Or, an array of one or more identifiers that may form a qualified identifier:   *    * $adapter->quoteIdentifier(array('myschema','my.table'))   *    * Returns: "myschema"."my.table"   *   * The actual quote character surrounding the identifiers may vary depending on   * the adapter.   *   * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier.   * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.   * @return string The quoted identifier.   */  public function quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto=false)  {    return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, null, $auto);  }  /**   * Quote a column identifier and alias.   *   * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.   * @param string $alias An alias for the column.   * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.   * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.   */  public function quoteColumnAs($ident, $alias, $auto=false)  {    return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);  }  /**   * Quote a table identifier and alias.   *   * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.   * @param string $alias An alias for the table.   * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.   * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.   */  public function quoteTableAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false)  {    return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);  }  /**   * Quote an identifier and an optional alias.   *   * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.   * @param string $alias An optional alias.   * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.   * @param string $as The string to add between the identifier/expression and the alias.   * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.   */  protected function _quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false, $as = ' AS ')  {    if ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {      $quoted = $ident->__toString();    } elseif ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {      $quoted = '(' . $ident->assemble() . ')';    } else {      if (is_string($ident)) {        $ident = explode('.', $ident);      }      if (is_array($ident)) {        $segments = array();        foreach ($ident as $segment) {          if ($segment instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {            $segments[] = $segment->__toString();          } else {            $segments[] = $this->_quoteIdentifier($segment, $auto);          }        }        if ($alias !== null && end($ident) == $alias) {          $alias = null;        }        $quoted = implode('.', $segments);      } else {        $quoted = $this->_quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto);      }    }    if ($alias !== null) {      $quoted .= $as . $this->_quoteIdentifier($alias, $auto);    }    return $quoted;  }  /**   * Quote an identifier.   *   * @param string $value The identifier or expression.   * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.   * @return string    The quoted identifier and alias.   */  protected function _quoteIdentifier($value, $auto=false)  {    if ($auto === false || $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers === true) {      $q = $this->getQuoteIdentifierSymbol();      return ($q . str_replace("$q", "$q$q", $value) . $q);    }    return $value;  }  /**   * Returns the symbol the adapter uses for delimited identifiers.   *   * @return string   */  public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol()  {    return '"';  }  /**   * Return the most recent value from the specified sequence in the database.   * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences   * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2). Other RDBMS brands return null.   *   * @param string $sequenceName   * @return string   */  public function lastSequenceId($sequenceName)  {    return null;  }  /**   * Generate a new value from the specified sequence in the database, and return it.   * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences   * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2). Other RDBMS brands return null.   *   * @param string $sequenceName   * @return string   */  public function nextSequenceId($sequenceName)  {    return null;  }  /**   * Helper method to change the case of the strings used   * when returning result sets in FETCH_ASSOC and FETCH_BOTH   * modes.   *   * This is not intended to be used by application code,   * but the method must be public so the Statement class   * can invoke it.   *   * @param string $key   * @return string   */  public function foldCase($key)  {    switch ($this->_caseFolding) {      case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER:        $value = strtolower((string) $key);        break;      case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER:        $value = strtoupper((string) $key);        break;      case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL:      default:        $value = (string) $key;    }    return $value;  }  /**   * called when object is getting serialized   * This disconnects the DB object that cant be serialized   *   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   * @return array   */  public function __sleep()  {    if ($this->_allowSerialization == false) {      /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */      require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." is not allowed to be serialized");    }    $this->_connection = false;    return array_keys(array_diff_key(get_object_vars($this), array('_connection'=>false)));  }  /**   * called when object is getting unserialized   *   * @return void   */  public function __wakeup()  {    if ($this->_autoReconnectOnUnserialize == true) {      $this->getConnection();    }  }  /**   * Abstract Methods   */  /**   * Returns a list of the tables in the database.   *   * @return array   */  abstract public function listTables();  /**   * Returns the column descriptions for a table.   *   * The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,   * as returned by the RDBMS.   *   * The value of each array element is an associative array   * with the following keys:   *   * SCHEMA_NAME => string; name of database or schema   * TABLE_NAME => string;   * COLUMN_NAME => string; column name   * COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table   * DATA_TYPE  => string; SQL datatype name of column   * DEFAULT   => string; default expression of column, null if none   * NULLABLE  => boolean; true if column can have nulls   * LENGTH   => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR   * SCALE    => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL   * PRECISION  => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL   * UNSIGNED  => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type   * PRIMARY   => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key   * PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key   *   * @param string $tableName   * @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL   * @return array   */  abstract public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null);  /**   * Creates a connection to the database.   *   * @return void   */  abstract protected function _connect();  /**   * Test if a connection is active   *   * @return boolean   */  abstract public function isConnected();  /**   * Force the connection to close.   *   * @return void   */  abstract public function closeConnection();  /**   * Prepare a statement and return a PDOStatement-like object.   *   * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql SQL query   * @return Zend_Db_Statement|PDOStatement   */  abstract public function prepare($sql);  /**   * Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.   *   * As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences   * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence   * from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.   * On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method   * returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name   * argument is disregarded.   *   * @param string $tableName  OPTIONAL Name of table.   * @param string $primaryKey OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.   * @return string   */  abstract public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null);  /**   * Begin a transaction.   */  abstract protected function _beginTransaction();  /**   * Commit a transaction.   */  abstract protected function _commit();  /**   * Roll-back a transaction.   */  abstract protected function _rollBack();  /**   * Set the fetch mode.   *   * @param integer $mode   * @return void   * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception   */  abstract public function setFetchMode($mode);  /**   * Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.   *   * @param mixed $sql   * @param integer $count   * @param integer $offset   * @return string   */  abstract public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0);  /**   * Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.   *   * @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'   * @return bool   */  abstract public function supportsParameters($type);  /**   * Retrieve server version in PHP style   *   * @return string   */  abstract public function getServerVersion();}

到此，我已经晕了。你呢？？？

哈哈哈。。。

下面看一些简单的案例

插入数据到数据库：

'127.0.0.1',  'username'=>'root',  'password'=>'',  'dbname'=>'test'  );$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);$row = array(  'username'=>'Jiqing',  'password'=>'jiqing90061234'  );$table = 'user';$res = $db->insert($table,$row);if($res){  echo "成功插入新的记录！";  echo "
";  $last_insert_id = $db->lastInsertId($table);  echo "新记录的ID值为：";  echo $last_insert_id;  echo "
";  echo "其内容为：";  $sql = "select * from $table where id=$last_insert_id";  $result = $db->fetchRow($sql);  echo "
";  foreach($result as $key=>$val){    echo $key;    echo "值为：";    echo $val;    echo "
";  }}else{  echo "插入数据有误";}

结果为：

成功插入新的记录！新记录的ID值为：13其内容为：id值为：13username值为：Jiqingpassword值为：jiqing90061234

修改update方法

删除delete方法

都大同小异，首先连接数据库，然后填写相应参数，执行即可。

查询方法总结：

fetchAll()匹配查询结果，返回一个连续的数组。
fetchAssoc()匹配查询结果，返回一个联合的数组。
fetchCol()匹配结果的第一列，返回一个数组。
fetchOne()陪陪查询结果的第一列与第一行的值，返回一个字符串。
fetchRow()匹配查询结果的第一行，返回一个数组。

常用的是第一个和最后一个方法，其他的方法用的不是很多。

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