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怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密

发表于:2025-02-01 作者:千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月01日,这篇文章主要介绍"怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密"的相关知识,小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程,操作方法简单快捷,实用性强,希望这篇"怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密"文章能帮助大家解
千家信息网最后更新 2025年02月01日怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密

这篇文章主要介绍"怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密"的相关知识,小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程,操作方法简单快捷,实用性强,希望这篇"怎么利用Python实现RSA加密解密"文章能帮助大家解决问题。

RSA加密实验基本流程:

一、选取两个大素数p、q,并计算得到n、phi_n

二、选取常用的e = 0x10001,方便将幂运算优化为左移,加快运算速度

三、计算d,使用了扩展欧几里得算法

四、输入明文a,将明文转化为可以用于计算的数字形式

五、对a使用快速幂取模,得到密文b,以16进制显示

RSA解密流程:

六、对b使用快速幂取模,得到明文a,以字符形式显示

一、安装模块

pip install pycryptodome

二、生成密钥对

  • 密钥对文件生成和读取

  • 代码:

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):    '''    创建rsa公钥私钥对    :param is_save: default:False    :return: public_key, private_key    '''    f = RSA.generate(2048)    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥    if is_save:        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(private_key)        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(public_key)    return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return b

三、加密

  • 流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→rsa加密(bytes)→base64编码(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)

  • 代码:

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):        # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)        text = text.encode('utf-8')        # 构建公钥对象        cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))        # 加密(bytes)        text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)         # base64编码,并转为字符串        text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()        return text_encrypted_base64         if __name__ == '__main__':        public_key = read_public_key()        text = '123456'        text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)        print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

  • 说明:解密流程与加密流程相反(按照加密流程逆序解密)

  • 流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→base64解码(bytes)→rsa解密(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)

  • 代码:

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):        # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)        text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')        # base64解码        text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )        # 构建私钥对象        cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))        # 解密(bytes)        text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)        # 解码为字符串        text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()        return text_decrypted         if __name__ == '__main__':        # 生成密文        public_key = read_public_key()        text = '123456'        text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)        print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)                # 解密        private_key = read_private_key()        text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)        print('明文:',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSA# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):    '''    创建rsa公钥私钥对    :param is_save: default:False    :return: public_key, private_key    '''    f = RSA.generate(2048)    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥    if is_save:        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(private_key)        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(public_key)    return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return b# ------------------------加密------------------------def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)    text = text.encode('utf-8')    # 构建公钥对象    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))    # 加密(bytes)    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)    # base64编码,并转为字符串    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()    return text_encrypted_base64# ------------------------解密------------------------def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')    # base64解码    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)    # 构建私钥对象    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))    # 解密(bytes)    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)    # 解码为字符串    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()    return text_decryptedif __name__ == '__main__':    # 生成密钥对    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)    # public_key = read_public_key()    # private_key = read_private_key()    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)    # 加密    text = '123456'    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)    print('密文:', text_encrypted_base64)    # 解密    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)    print('明文:', text_decrypted)

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