如何使用Golang将誓言存在比特币的区块链上

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关如何使用Golang将誓言存在比特币的区块链上，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

大家先看一个区域链浏览器的交易链接:

https://www.blocktrail.com/tBCC/tx/a63edbbfa17e45b0890520ca30fce6d8eacd41635d1c447418fcfedffa14d914 打开这个链接, 滑到最后, 会看如图所示的文字

这是怎么做到的? 这是一个比特币的交易, 怎么能附上中文呢? 本文就一步步教 你怎么在比特币交易上添加文字. 因为比特币的交易具有不可篡改性, 且永久存在区域链上, 那么其附带的文字就有这个属性, 这就好像是一个誓言! 誓言记存, 多有意义!!

第一步: 买一定的比特币

比特币交易是需要手续费的, 而当前的手续费并不便宜, 动则至少上百元, 这太贵了. 所以我推荐大家先去比特币测试网络先弄一些币来测试. 怎么在获取比特币测试网络的免费比特币, 大家可以Google下, 有一些网站会免费送. 比如大家可以去 https://testnet.coinfaucet.eu/en/ 这个站点去获取, 当前获取的前提是你有一个测试网络的比特币地址, 不然不知道给谁发币啊. 下面教你怎么用Golang 生成比特币测试地址:

https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd 是bitcoin的golang版实现, 先按照它的文档安装, 这里假设你已经成功安装在本地了.

下面这段代码包含生成测试和正式地址, 你可以运行得到测试地址.

package main import (   "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec"   "github.com/btcsuite/btcutil"   "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/chaincfg"   "fmt") func GenerateBTC() (string, string, error) {   privKey, err := btcec.NewPrivateKey(btcec.S256())   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }    privKeyWif, err := btcutil.NewWIF(privKey, &chaincfg.MainNetParams, false)   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }   pubKeySerial := privKey.PubKey().SerializeUncompressed()    pubKeyAddress, err := btcutil.NewAddressPubKey(pubKeySerial, &chaincfg.MainNetParams)   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }    return privKeyWif.String(), pubKeyAddress.EncodeAddress(), nil} func GenerateBTCTest() (string, string, error) {   privKey, err := btcec.NewPrivateKey(btcec.S256())   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }    privKeyWif, err := btcutil.NewWIF(privKey, &chaincfg.TestNet3Params, false)   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }   pubKeySerial := privKey.PubKey().SerializeUncompressed()    pubKeyAddress, err := btcutil.NewAddressPubKey(pubKeySerial, &chaincfg.TestNet3Params)   if err != nil {      return "", "", err   }    return privKeyWif.String(), pubKeyAddress.EncodeAddress(), nil} func main()  {   wifKey, address, _ := GenerateBTCTest() // 测试地址   // wifKey, address, _ := GenerateBTC() // 正式地址   fmt.Println(address, wifKey)}

假设你得到了一个测试地址:

1. 地址: mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd

2. 私钥: cV4HmdzGF3gG7NdEtVV7sjq22yoBmZBe5MEGKUqvQTXXXXX(注意,该密钥不是正确的,请不要使用)

然后, 你去https://testnet.coinfaucet.eu/en/ 领免费的测试比特币, 可以通过接口查看该地址的未花费交易信息:

https://api.blockcypher.com/v1/btc/test3/addrs/mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd/full

总共发了两笔, 第一笔 0.65 第二笔 1.3 总共这个地址的余额是 1.95

{  "address": "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd",  "total_received": 195000000,  "total_sent": 0,  "balance": 195000000,  "unconfirmed_balance": 0,  "final_balance": 195000000,  "n_tx": 2,  "unconfirmed_n_tx": 0,  "final_n_tx": 2,  "txs": [     // 第二笔    {      "block_hash": "00000000000004149feebc41cfeb5a66df052f989aec60faec711caee4f93b3c",      "block_height": 1255326,      "block_index": 53,      "hash": "2c56134c99b24e17f5c3852d910e2e090848652c4e7b08ee8aa7450b2e14d7c4",      "addresses": [        "2N48GnaEkd8eZgQ5MLTb6EGBvqfuQ94sVTv",        "2NAwfhDByKfV5ZPr4cnLVg9hMHcx31CZbEp",        "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"      ],      "total": 197064067190,      "fees": 100000,      "size": 140,      "preference": "high",      "relayed_by": "94.130.106.254:18333",      "confirmed": "2017-12-19T02:32:36Z",      "received": "2017-12-19T02:17:26.601Z",      "ver": 1,      "double_spend": false,      "vin_sz": 1,      "vout_sz": 2,      "confirmations": 5672,      "confidence": 1,      "inputs": [        {          "prev_hash": "7265ffdf8310fc2ecd6277759f39de9c801149ca602c6b2236667d2af2d5dd29",          "output_index": 1,          "script": "1600149eb46621cceac0e393b5cd5ffb481fafa48a16fc",          "output_value": 197064167190,          "sequence": 4294967295,          "addresses": [            "2NAwfhDByKfV5ZPr4cnLVg9hMHcx31CZbEp"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-script-hash",          "age": 1255313,          "witness": [            "3044022034bb850d1efab224a14b7cd7565a9fce58fb89794f50471419115f1b893f626d022027a849a46f3a902944e3f01a66eb0fc489bfe8e5a7815b8644128b7e6f89ace101",            "030916ad60b499268f909e20867b49d22e55b3864aafc896120c6daec1011ceecb"          ]        }      ],      "outputs": [        {          "value": 130000000,          "script": "76a91489a7f0117eaf47d8b4af740c66116e35ffe1bea988ac",          "addresses": [            "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash"        },        {          "value": 196934067190,          "script": "a9147758cec0a445f9908186f5cfeeb52bc0077c7e1487",          "spent_by": "5c3c00896db0ba1a7526c6e8c3495c29264df99d4a494afbd909af4f0d4df605",          "addresses": [            "2N48GnaEkd8eZgQ5MLTb6EGBvqfuQ94sVTv"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-script-hash"        }      ]    },    // 第一笔    {      "block_hash": "00000000000004149feebc41cfeb5a66df052f989aec60faec711caee4f93b3c",      "block_height": 1255326,      "block_index": 40,      "hash": "48eea09764713f3dadcfed29490ab5e288299e01e571e1f7a1396a75ce38e067",      "addresses": [        "2N4Mrw2XRMEfAuf51JiZsaQCSxr9UowxSbJ",        "2N5CNRLZXXZt2JFxPLX9z6HF9gdgLqG3ycH",        "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"      ],      "total": 196092936523,      "fees": 100000,      "size": 140,      "preference": "high",      "relayed_by": "88.196.208.18:18333",      "confirmed": "2017-12-19T02:32:36Z",      "received": "2017-12-19T02:17:33.267Z",      "ver": 1,      "double_spend": false,      "vin_sz": 1,      "vout_sz": 2,      "confirmations": 5672,      "confidence": 1,      "inputs": [        {          "prev_hash": "2880f6c768afa728fa9374af0617d535a960243f2820de53992279a59b84d8a3",          "output_index": 1,          "script": "1600147ce118c5a9faa2fdf5bc1c7feb41ddac7084a481",          "output_value": 196093036523,          "sequence": 4294967295,          "addresses": [            "2N5CNRLZXXZt2JFxPLX9z6HF9gdgLqG3ycH"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-script-hash",          "age": 1255313,          "witness": [            "30440220741aa14828e97e0fd9668b9070e2ab886f3646456c33b143c291f6c47e1ec985022005f624843908a745dbc5d703361065a5fbca9aa0b1fb4aca105cd09d8e6fd09e01",            "02fe3a6a5cfb075b84d5a0e6daa2220dc49c8a36b61f49f86111dd08141166b7fc"          ]        }      ],      // 以下几个值比较重要      "outputs": [        {          "value": 65000000,          "script": "76a91489a7f0117eaf47d8b4af740c66116e35ffe1bea988ac",          "addresses": [            "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash"        },        {          "value": 196027936523,          "script": "a91479eab7f3bf5054cc47da2761f0b61d6cb622622a87",          "spent_by": "dc32b80ba7f863572c8dd97508d8c7a04af35d10671c9ca3c60f0d28c552c8d1",          "addresses": [            "2N4Mrw2XRMEfAuf51JiZsaQCSxr9UowxSbJ"          ],          "script_type": "pay-to-script-hash"        }      ]    }  ]}

记住第一笔的这几个值:

• tx_hash 48eea09764713f3dadcfed29490ab5e288299e01e571e1f7a1396a75ce38e067

• tx_output_n 0

• script: 76a91489a7f0117eaf47d8b4af740c66116e35ffe1bea988ac

• value 65000000

我们接下来会用到这个未花费交易

第二步: 构造交易, 附上文字

下面构造一个交易, 这个交易给自己发一笔钱, 交易费是0.001

address := "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"var balance int64 = 65000000 // 余额var fee int64 = 0.001 * 1e8 // 交易费var leftToMe = balance - fee // 余额-交易费就是剩下再给我的 // 1. 构造输出outputs := []*wire.TxOut{} // 1.1 输出1, 给自己转剩下的钱addr, _ := btcutil.DecodeAddress(address, &chaincfg.SimNetParams)pkScript, _ := txscript.PayToAddrScript(addr)outputs = append(outputs, wire.NewTxOut(leftToMe, pkScript)) // 1.2 输出2, 添加文字comment := "这是一个留言, 哈哈"pkScript, _ = txscript.NullDataScript([]byte(comment))outputs = append(outputs, wire.NewTxOut(int64(0), pkScript))

第三步: 构造输入

// 2. 构造输入prevTxHash := "48eea09764713f3dadcfed29490ab5e288299e01e571e1f7a1396a75ce38e067"prevPkScriptHex := "76a91489a7f0117eaf47d8b4af740c66116e35ffe1bea988ac"prevTxOutputN := uint32(0) hash, _ := chainhash.NewHashFromStr(prevTxHash) // tx hashoutPoint := wire.NewOutPoint(hash, prevTxOutputN) // 第几个输出txIn := wire.NewTxIn(outPoint, nil, nil)inputs := []*wire.TxIn{txIn} prevPkScript, _ := hex.DecodeString(prevPkScriptHex)prevPkScripts := make([][]byte, 1)prevPkScripts[0] = prevPkScript tx := &wire.MsgTx{   Version:  wire.TxVersion,   TxIn:     inputs,   TxOut:    outputs,   LockTime: 0,}

第四步: 签名交易(签名输入)

// 3. 签名privKey := "cV4HmdzGF3gG7NdEtVV7sjq22yoBmZBe5MEGKUqvQTXXXXX" // 私钥sign(tx, privKey, prevPkScripts) // 签名方法func sign(tx *wire.MsgTx, privKeyStr string, prevPkScripts [][]byte)  {   inputs := tx.TxIn   wif, err := btcutil.DecodeWIF(privKeyStr)    fmt.Println("wif err", err)   privKey := wif.PrivKey    for i := range inputs {      pkScript := prevPkScripts[i]      var script []byte      script, err = txscript.SignatureScript(tx, i, pkScript, txscript.SigHashAll,            privKey, false)      inputs[i].SignatureScript = script   }}

第五步: 输出交易原始信息, 广播到网络上

// 4. 输出Hexbuf := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, tx.SerializeSize()))if err := tx.Serialize(buf); err != nil {}txHex := hex.EncodeToString(buf.Bytes())fmt.Println("hex", txHex)

将输出的hex广播到网络上, https://tbtc.blockdozer.com/insight/tx/send

下面给出完整源码:

package tximport (        "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/wire"        "github.com/btcsuite/btcutil"        "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/chaincfg"        "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/txscript"        "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/chaincfg/chainhash"        "encoding/hex"        "fmt"        "bytes")func main() {        address := "mt4p3rZpJE5fXEqvGzNBk9HxYXcWKpPJSd"        var balance int64 = 65000000 // 余额        var fee int64 = 0.001 * 1e8 // 交易费        var leftToMe = balance - fee // 余额-交易费就是剩下再给我的        // 1. 构造输出        outputs := []*wire.TxOut{}        // 1.1 输出1, 给自己转剩下的钱        addr, _ := btcutil.DecodeAddress(address, &chaincfg.SimNetParams)        pkScript, _ := txscript.PayToAddrScript(addr)        outputs = append(outputs, wire.NewTxOut(leftToMe, pkScript))        // 1.2 输出2, 添加文字        comment := "这是一个留言, 哈哈"        pkScript, _ = txscript.NullDataScript([]byte(comment))        outputs = append(outputs, wire.NewTxOut(int64(0), pkScript))        // 2. 构造输入        prevTxHash := "48eea09764713f3dadcfed29490ab5e288299e01e571e1f7a1396a75ce38e067"        prevPkScriptHex := "76a91489a7f0117eaf47d8b4af740c66116e35ffe1bea988ac"        prevTxOutputN := uint32(0)        hash, _ := chainhash.NewHashFromStr(prevTxHash) // tx hash        outPoint := wire.NewOutPoint(hash, prevTxOutputN) // 第几个输出        txIn := wire.NewTxIn(outPoint, nil, nil)        inputs := []*wire.TxIn{txIn}        prevPkScript, _ := hex.DecodeString(prevPkScriptHex)        prevPkScripts := make([][]byte, 1)        prevPkScripts[0] = prevPkScript        tx := &wire.MsgTx{                Version:  wire.TxVersion,                TxIn:     inputs,                TxOut:    outputs,                LockTime: 0,        }        // 3. 签名        privKey := "cV4HmdzGF3gG7NdEtVV7sjq22yoBmZBe5MEGKUqvQTXXXXX" // 私钥        sign(tx, privKey, prevPkScripts)        // 4. 输出Hex        buf := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, tx.SerializeSize()))        if err := tx.Serialize(buf); err != nil {        }        txHex := hex.EncodeToString(buf.Bytes())        fmt.Println("hex", txHex)}// 签名func sign(tx *wire.MsgTx, privKeyStr string, prevPkScripts [][]byte)  {        inputs := tx.TxIn        wif, err := btcutil.DecodeWIF(privKeyStr)        fmt.Println("wif err", err)        privKey := wif.PrivKey        for i := range inputs {                pkScript := prevPkScripts[i]                var script []byte                script, err = txscript.SignatureScript(tx, i, pkScript, txscript.SigHashAll,                        privKey, false)                inputs[i].SignatureScript = script        }}

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