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springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么

发表于：2025-01-25 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月25日，本篇内容主要讲解"springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么"，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"springboot r

千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月25日springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么

本篇内容主要讲解"springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么"，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习"springboot restTemplate连接池整合方式是什么"吧!

springboot restTemplate连接池整合

restTemplate

使用http连接池能够减少连接建立与释放的时间，提升http请求的性能。如果客户端每次请求都要和服务端建立新的连接，即三次握手将会非常耗时。本文介绍如何在Springboot中集成http连接池；基于restTemplate+httpclient实现。

引入apache httpclient

            org.apache.httpcomponents            httpclient            4.5.6

RestTemplate配置类

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.nio.charset.Charset;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/** * 实际开发中要避免每次http请求都实例化httpclient * restTemplate默认会复用连接,保证restTemplate单例即可 * 参考资料： * https://www.cnblogs.com/xrq730/p/10963689.html * https://halfrost.com/advance_tcp/ */@Configurationpublic class RestTemplateConfig {    @Bean    RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRequestFactory);        List> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();        for (HttpMessageConverter c : messageConverters) {            if (c instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {                ((StringHttpMessageConverter) c).setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("utf-8"));            }        }        return restTemplate;    }    @Bean    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resttemplate")    HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties() {        return new HttpClientProperties();    }    @Bean    ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {        //如果不使用HttpClient的连接池，则使用restTemplate默认的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,底层基于HttpURLConnection        if (!httpClientProperties.isUseHttpClientPool()) {            SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();            factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());            factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());            return factory;        }        //HttpClient4.3及以上版本不手动设置HttpClientConnectionManager,默认就会使用连接池PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setMaxConnTotal(httpClientProperties.getMaxTotalConnect())                .setMaxConnPerRoute(httpClientProperties.getMaxConnectPerRoute()).evictExpiredConnections()                .evictIdleConnections(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build();        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);        factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());        factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());        factory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectionRequestTimeout());        return factory;    }}

RestTemplate连接池配置参数

public class HttpClientProperties {    /**     * 是否使用httpclient连接池     */    private boolean useHttpClientPool = false;    /**     * 从连接池中获得一个connection的超时时间     */    private int connectionRequestTimeout = 3000;    /**     * 建立连接超时时间     */    private int connectTimeout = 3000;    /**     * 建立连接后读取返回数据的超时时间     */    private int readTimeout = 5000;    /**     * 连接池的最大连接数，0代表不限     */    private int maxTotalConnect = 128;    /**     * 每个路由的最大连接数     */    private int maxConnectPerRoute = 32;    public int getConnectionRequestTimeout() {        return connectionRequestTimeout;    }    public void setConnectionRequestTimeout(int connectionRequestTimeout) {        this.connectionRequestTimeout = connectionRequestTimeout;    }    public int getConnectTimeout() {        return connectTimeout;    }    public void setConnectTimeout(int connectTimeout) {        this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;    }    public int getReadTimeout() {        return readTimeout;    }    public void setReadTimeout(int readTimeout) {        this.readTimeout = readTimeout;    }    public int getMaxTotalConnect() {        return maxTotalConnect;    }    public void setMaxTotalConnect(int maxTotalConnect) {        this.maxTotalConnect = maxTotalConnect;    }    public int getMaxConnectPerRoute() {        return maxConnectPerRoute;    }    public void setMaxConnectPerRoute(int maxConnectPerRoute) {        this.maxConnectPerRoute = maxConnectPerRoute;    }    public boolean isUseHttpClientPool() {        return useHttpClientPool;    }    public void setUseHttpClientPool(boolean useHttpClientPool) {        this.useHttpClientPool = useHttpClientPool;    }}

application.properties

spring.resttemplate.connectionRequestTimeout=3000spring.resttemplate.connectTimeout=3000spring.resttemplate.readTimeout=10000spring.resttemplate.maxTotalConnect=256spring.resttemplate.maxConnectPerRoute=128spring.resttemplate.useHttpClientPool=true

测试带连接池的RestTemplate

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class RestTemplateTest {    /**     * 免费查询号码归属地接口     */    public String testUrl = "https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm";    @Autowired    RestTemplate restTemplate;    @Test    public void testRest() {        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();        headers.set("Accept", "application/json");        HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity(headers);        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {            String tel = getRandomTel();            UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(testUrl).queryParam("tel", tel);            System.out.println("发送请求：" + builder.build().encode().toUri());            long startInner = System.currentTimeMillis();            ResponseEntity getDistrictRes = restTemplate.exchange(builder.build().encode().toUri(), HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);            long endInner = System.currentTimeMillis();            System.out.print("costPerRequest:" + (endInner - startInner) + ",i=" + i + "," + Thread.currentThread().getName());            String resJson = getDistrictRes.getBody().split("=")[1];            String carrier = (String) JSON.parseObject(resJson).get("carrier");            System.out.println("," + tel + ",归属地:" + carrier);        }        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println("costTotal:" + (end - start));    }    private String getRandomTel() {        List telList = Arrays.asList("18120168516", "15952044278", "15537788259", "18751872329", "13913329187");        int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(telList.size());        return telList.get(index);    }}

测试比较发现，如果不设置ClientHttpRequestFactory，resttemplate默认会使用SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory，底层基于HttpURLConnection；这种方式和手动设置带连接池的httpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory性能差别不大，基于httpclient的连接池性能稍有优势，不是太明显。

不管是使用restTemplate默认的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory还是使用httpclient提供的HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory，都会进行连接复用，即只有第一次请求耗时较高，后面的请求都复用连接。

使用httpclient可以设置evictExpiredConnections、evictIdleConnections进行定时清理过期、闲置连接。底层是开启了一个线程去执行清理任务，因此注意不能多次实例化httpclient相关的实例，会导致不断创建线程。

注意事项

实际开发中要避免每次http请求都实例化httpclient

restTemplate默认会复用连接,保证restTemplate单例即

RestTemplate 配置http连接池

import java.nio.charset.Charset;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Configurationpublic class RestTemplateUtil{     @Bean    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {        RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build();        restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory());         // 使用 utf-8 编码集的 conver 替换默认的 conver（默认的 string conver 的编码集为"ISO-8859-1"）        List> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();        Iterator> iterator = messageConverters.iterator();        while (iterator.hasNext()) {            HttpMessageConverter converter = iterator.next();            if (converter instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {                iterator.remove();            }        }        messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));         return restTemplate;    }               @Bean    public HttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager() {        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();        poolingConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(1000); // 连接池最大连接数          poolingConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100); // 每个主机的并发        return poolingConnectionManager;    }        @Bean    public HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder() {        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();        //设置HTTP连接管理器        httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingConnectionManager());        return httpClientBuilder;    }        @Bean    public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {         HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();        clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClientBuilder().build());        clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(6000); // 连接超时，毫秒                  clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(6000); // 读写超时，毫秒                     return clientHttpRequestFactory;    }}

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