如何搭建Oracle DataGuard

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一、准备工作

1.规划

2.关闭防火墙

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

3.禁用selinux防火墙

vi /etc/selinux/config

selinux=disabled

二、开启归档模式（主备库）

1、创建归档目录

[oracle@primary ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog

2、开启归档模式

（1）数据库到mount状态开启归档模式

[root@primary ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 776646656 bytes

Fixed Size 2257272 bytes

Variable Size 507514504 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2633728 bytes

Database mounted.

（2）设置主库归档目录

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog';

（3）开启归档模式

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

（4）查看归档设置

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence 2

Next log sequence to archive 4

Current log sequence 4

（5） 开启数据库

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

三、强制主库为force logging模式（主库）

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR

---

NO

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR

---

YES

四、HOST文件配置（主备库）

Root用户（主备库相同）

[root@primary ~]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain

#Primary database IP

192.168.131.100 primary

#Standby database IP

192.168.131.101 standby

五、配置lintener & tnsnames（主备库）

Oracle用户

1、主备库监听配置

（1）主库监听配置

[oracle@primary ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

（添加以下内容）

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl1)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl1)

)

)

（2）备库监听配置

[oracle@primary ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

（添加以下内容）

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl1)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl1)

)

)

2、修改tnsnames.ora文件（主备库）

（1）主库修改

[oracle@primary ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

db01 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl1) ##此处service_name应和上面GLOBAL_NAME值相等

)

)

db02 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl1)

)

)

（2）备库修改

[oracle@primary ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

db01 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl1)

)

)

db02 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl1)

(UR=A)

)

)

（3）主备库检测(主备库)

[oracle@primary admin]$ tnsping db01

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 11-JUL-2018 08:48:56

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl1)))

OK (10 msec)

[oracle@primary admin]$ tnsping db02

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 11-JUL-2018 08:49:01

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl1) (UR=A)))

OK (10 msec)

六、修改参数文件（主备库）

1、主库修改参数

（1）生成参数文件

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

（2）修改参数文件

[oracle@primary ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@primary dbs]$ vi initorcl1.ora

添加以下内容：

db_unique_name=db01

log_archive_config='dg_config=(db01,db02)'

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db01'

log_archive_dest_2='service=db02 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=db02'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1'

fal_server=db02

fal_client=db01

standby_file_management=auto

（3）生成spfile（shutdown状态）

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl1.ora';

（4）开启数据库

startup(使新参数生效)

2、备库修改参数

（1）生成参数文件

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

（2）修改参数文件

[oracle@primary ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@primary dbs]$ vi initorcl1.ora

添加以下内容：

db_unique_name=db02

log_archive_config='dg_config=(db01,db02)'

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db02'

log_archive_dest_2='service=db01 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=db01'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2'

log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2'

fal_server=db01

fal_client=db02

standby_file_management=auto // 如果要修改备库日志文件的大小，需要将此处 auto修改成manual

****************

（3）生成spfile(shutdown状态)

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl1.ora';

（4）开启数据库

startup(使新参数生效)

七、复制数据库

1、备库开启到nomount模式

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup nomount;

2、RMAN进行复制（主库）

[oracle@primary ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@db01 auxiliary sys/oracle@db02

RMAN>duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

此时，已经完成了DataGuard搭建部分！

八、查询主备库角色

1、主库查询

SQL> col db_unique_name for a15

SQL> select db_unique_name,open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

DB_UNIQUE_NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------- -------------------- ---------------- --------------------

db01 READ WRITE PRIMARY SESSIONS ACTIVE

2、备库查询

SQL> col db_unique_name for a15

SQL> select db_unique_name,open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

DB_UNIQUE_NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------- -------------------- ---------------- --------------------

db02 READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED

3.参数设置检查

SQL> col name for a25

SQL> col value for a30

SQL> select a.name, a.value from v$parameter a where a.name like '%file_name_convert' or a.name like '%fal%' or a.name like 'standby_file%';

NAME VALUE

------------------------- ------------------------------

db_file_name_convert /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2,

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1

log_file_name_convert /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2,

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1

fal_client db01

fal_server db02

standby_file_management auto

九、备库添加standby 日志组（备库）

1、查看数据库日志组

查看数据库的日志组个数与大小，因为我们创建 standby 日志组的个数是原日志

组个数+1 再与 thread 的积((1)*3)，size 不能小于原日志文件的大小。

SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 M,status from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# M STATUS

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------

1 1 50 UNUSED

2 1 50 CLEARING

3 1 50 CURRENT

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log

2、新建备库日志组

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4

2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo04.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5

2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo05.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6

2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo06.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7

2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo07.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

3、查看日志组状态

SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER

---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------------

3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log

2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log

1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log

4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo04.log

5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo05.log

6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo06.log

7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/redo07.log

十、备库应用日志

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

十一、验证数据库操作

1、在主库创建用户

SQL> create user test identified by test;

User created.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

2、在备库查看

SQL> select username from dba_users where username='TEST';

USERNAME

------------------------------

TEST

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