如何搭建完整的Kubernetes集群

这篇文章给大家分享的是搭建Kubernetes集群的详细部署教程，相信大部分人都还不知道怎么部署，为了让大家学会，给大家总结了以下内容，话不多说，一起往下看吧。

官方提供的三种部署方式：

minikube：

Minikube是一个工具，可以在本地快速运行单点的Kubernetes，仅用于尝试Kubernetes或日常开发的用户使用
部署地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/

kubeadm：

Kubeadm也是一个工具，提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署Kubernetes集群
部署地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

二进制包：

推荐，从官方下载发行版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件包，组成Kubernetes集群
下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

要解决服务发现的问题，需要下面三大支柱，缺一不可

1.一个强一致性，高可用的服务存储目录

基于Ralf算法的etcd天生就是这样一个强一致性，高可用的服务存储目录

2.一秒注册服务和健康服务健康状况的机制

用户可以在etcdz中注册服务，并且对注册的服务配置key TTL，定时保持服务的心跳以达到监控健康状态的效果

3.一种查找和连接服务的机制

通过在etcd指定的主题下注册的服务业能在对应的主题下查到，为了确保连接，我们可以在每个服务机器上都部署一个proxy模式的etcd，这样就可以确保访问etcd集群的服务都能够互相连接

二进制部署多节点，单etcd群集

环境准备：

相关软件包及文档：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1nn67GDs8BD6sQTeKH4Ii4w
提取码：vx7m

Mester：7-3：192.168.18.128 kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd

Node1：7-4：192.168.18.148 kubelet kube-proxy docekr flannel etcd

Node2：7-5：192.168.18.145 kubelet kube-proxy docekr flannel etcd

Mester7-3：

[root@master ~]# mkdir k8s[root@master ~]# cd k8s/[root@master k8s]# mkdir etcd-cert[root@master k8s]# mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert[root@master k8s]# lsetcd-cert  etcd.sh[root@master k8s]# vim cfssl.shcurl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfsslcurl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljsoncurl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfochmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo[root@master k8s]# bash cfssl.sh[root@master k8s]# ls /usr/local/bin/cfssl  cfssl-certinfo  cfssljson`定义CA证书`cat > ca-config.json < ca-csr.json < server-csr.json <

上传以下三个压缩包进行解压：

[root@master etcd-cert]# lsca-config.json  etcd-cert.sh                          server-csr.jsonca.csr          etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz       server-key.pemca-csr.json     flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz    server.pemca-key.pem      kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gzca.pem          server.csr[root@master etcd-cert]# mv *.tar.gz ../[root@master etcd-cert]# cd ../[root@master k8s]# lscfssl.sh   etcd.sh                          flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gzetcd-cert  etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz  kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@master k8s]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz[root@master k8s]# ls etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64Documentation  etcd  etcdctl  README-etcdctl.md  README.md  READMEv2-etcdctl.md[root@master k8s]# mkdir /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl} -p[root@master k8s]# mv etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/`证书拷贝`[root@master k8s]# cp etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/`进入卡住状态等待其他节点加入`[root@master k8s]# bash etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.18.128 etcd02=https://192.168.18.148:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.18.145:2380Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/etcd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service.

此时新打开一个7-3的远程连接终端：

[root@master ~]# ps -ef | grep etcdroot       3479   1780  0 11:48 pts/0    00:00:00 bash etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.18.128 etcd02=https://192.168.195.148:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.195.145:2380root       3530   3479  0 11:48 pts/0    00:00:00 systemctl restart etcdroot       3540      1  1 11:48 ?        00:00:00 /opt/etcd/bin/etcd --name=etcd01 --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd --listen-peer-urls=https://192.168.18.128:2380 --listen-client-urls=https://192.168.18.128:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 --advertise-client-urls=https://192.168.18.128:2379 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://192.168.18.128:2380 --initial-cluster=etcd01=https://192.168.18.128:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.195.148:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.195.145:2380 --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster --initial-cluster-state=new --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pemroot       3623   3562  0 11:49 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto etcd

`拷贝证书去其他节点`[root@master k8s]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.18.148:/opt/The authenticity of host '192.168.18.148 (192.168.18.148)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mTT+FEtzAu4X3D5srZlz93S3gye8MzbqVZFDzfJd4Gk.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:5a:88:23:49:60:9b:b8:7e:4b:14:4b:3f:cd:96:a0.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '192.168.18.148' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@192.168.18.148's password:etcd                                                       100%  518   426.8KB/s   00:00etcd                                                       100%   18MB 105.0MB/s   00:00etcdctl                                                    100%   15MB 108.2MB/s   00:00ca-key.pem                                                 100% 1679     1.4MB/s   00:00ca.pem                                                     100% 1265   396.1KB/s   00:00server-key.pem                                             100% 1675     1.0MB/s   00:00server.pem                                                 100% 1338   525.6KB/s   00:00[root@master k8s]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.18.145:/opt/The authenticity of host '192.168.18.145 (192.168.18.145)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mTT+FEtzAu4X3D5srZlz93S3gye8MzbqVZFDzfJd4Gk.ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:5a:88:23:49:60:9b:b8:7e:4b:14:4b:3f:cd:96:a0.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '192.168.18.145' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@192.168.18.145's password:etcd                                                       100%  518   816.5KB/s   00:00etcd                                                       100%   18MB  87.4MB/s   00:00etcdctl                                                    100%   15MB 108.6MB/s   00:00ca-key.pem                                                 100% 1679     1.3MB/s   00:00ca.pem                                                     100% 1265   411.8KB/s   00:00server-key.pem                                             100% 1675     1.4MB/s   00:00server.pem                                                 100% 1338   639.5KB/s   00:00`启动脚本拷贝其他节点`[root@master k8s]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.18.148:/usr/lib/systemd/system/root@192.168.18.148's password:etcd.service                                               100%  923   283.4KB/s   00:00[root@master k8s]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.18.145:/usr/lib/systemd/system/root@192.168.18.145's password:etcd.service                                               100%  923   347.7KB/s   00:00

Node1：7-4

`修改`[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0[root@node1 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd#[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd02"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.18.148:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.18.148:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.18.148:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.18.148:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.18.128:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.18.148:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.18.145:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start etcd[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status etcd● etcd.service - Etcd Server   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since 三 2020-01-15 17:53:24 CST; 5s ago#状态为Active

Node2：7-5

`修改`[root@node2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service[root@node2 ~]# setenforce 0[root@node2 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd#[Member]ETCD_NAME="etcd03"ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.18.145:2380"ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.18.145:2379"#[Clustering]ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.18.145:2380"ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.18.145:2379"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.18.128:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.18.148:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.18.145:2380"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start etcd[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status etcd● etcd.service - Etcd Server   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since 三 2020-01-15 17:55:24 CST; 5s ago #状态为Active

群集状态验证：

`回到7-3上输入以下命令：`[root@master k8s]# cd etcd-cert/[root@master etcd-cert]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.18.128:2379,https://192.168.18.148:2379,https://192.168.18.145:2379" cluster-healthmember 9104d301e3b6da41 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.18.148:2379member 92947d71c72a884e is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.18.145:2379member b2a6d67e1bc8054b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.18.128:2379cluster is healthy`状态为healthy健康`

以上就是搭建Kubernetes集群的教程，详细使用情况还需要大家自己亲自动手使用过才能领会。如果想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注行业资讯频道！