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Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么

发表于：2025-01-22 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日，这篇文章主要介绍"Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作
千家信息网最后更新 2025年01月22日Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么

这篇文章主要介绍"Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答"Oracle Data Guard部署方法是什么"的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

一、 文档介绍

本实施方案主要对Oracle DataGuard实施部署作相应的说明。以便能根据当前业务特点，规划、建设符合高可用、高可靠的数据库集群系统。

二、 Oracle Data Guard介绍

(一) Data Guard环境拓展

(二) Data Guard特点

数据库服务器采用Data Guard灾备模式，可以满足对可用性有特殊需求的应用，具备以下特点：

1. 需要冗余的服务器设备，该模式需要有冗余的服务器硬件，硬件成本较高。

2. 需要冗余的存储设备，主机和备机都需要同样的存储空间，成本较高。

3. 安装配置比较复杂，该模式比单节点、单实例的模式配置复杂一些，需要更多的配置步骤。

4. 管理维护成本高，该模式对维护人员的要求较高，维护成本高。

5. 具备一定的容灾特性。当主机整个数据库系统不可用并短期内无法恢复时，可以把数据库系统切换到备机上，具备容灾的功能。

6. 备机可以用作只读查询，备机可以切换到只读状态供报表之类的查询操作，减轻主机的压力。

三、 Oracle Data Guard单实例部署一主两备

(一) 安装环境


主机1

主机2

主机3

操作系统

Oracle Linux Server release 6.5

Oracle Linux Server release 6.5

Oracle Linux Server release 6.5

主机名

test1.us.oracle.com

test2.us.oracle.com

test5.us.oracle.com

IP

192.168.1.2

192.168.1.3

192.168.1.6

数据库软件版本

11.2.0.4.0

11.2.0.4.0

11.2.0.4.0

ORACLE_BASE

/u01/app/oracle

/u01/app/oracle

/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID

PROD1

PROD2

PROD5

闪回区路径

/home/oracle/flash



闪回区大小

4G



归档

archovelog



主从关系

Primiry

Standby

Standby

强制日志

logging force



闪回

flashbackdatabase



是否开启监听

start

start

start

是否建立实例

setup

no setup

no setup

(二) 主数据库配置

1. 设置数据库归档

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD1[oracle@test1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 08:07:15 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup mount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size                 2252744 bytesVariable Size           788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers             9048064 bytesDatabase mounted. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash';System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G;System altered. SQL> alter database archivelog;Database altered. SQL> alter database open;Database altered.

2. 设置数据库闪回

SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;FLASHBACK_ON------------------------------------NO SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash';System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size='5G';System altered.SQL> shutdown immediate;ORA-01109: database not openDatabase dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup mount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size             2252744 bytesVariable Size                788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers                   9048064 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database flashback on; Database altered.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;FLASHBACK_ON------------------------------------YES

3. 设置数据库强制归档

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;FORCE_------NOSQL> alter database force logging;Database altered.SQL> select force_logging from v$database;FORCE_------YES

4. 添加Standby日志文件

在备库，当RFS进程接受到日志后，就将其写入Standby日志文件里，备库的Standby日志文件可以看做是主库在线日志文件的一个镜像，当主库做日志切换时，备库的Standby日志也做相应的切换，切换后的Standby日志由备库的ARCH进程归档。

Oracle规定备库的Standby日志文件大小不能小于主库在线日志文件最大的一个，一般情况下，为了管理方便，最好把所有的在线日志和Standby日志大小设为一样。

通过下面语句可以查询主库在线日志的大小和组数：

SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;    GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024---------- ---------------        1           50        2           50        3           50 SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;no rows selected SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/home/oracle/s1.log' size 50M;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/home/oracle/s2.log' size 50M;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/home/oracle/s3.log' size 50M;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/home/oracle/s4.log' size 50M;Database altered. SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;    GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024---------- ---------------        4           50        5           50        6           50        7           50

5. 修改参数文件

SQL> create pfile from spfile;File created.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@test1 dbs]$ lshc_PROD1.dat  init.ora  initPROD1.ora  lkPROD1  orapwPROD1  spfilePROD1.ora[oracle@test1 dbs]$ cat initPROD1.oraPROD1.__db_cache_size=419430400PROD1.__java_pool_size=16777216PROD1.__large_pool_size=83886080PROD1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentPROD1.__pga_aggregate_target=503316480PROD1.__sga_target=721420288PROD1.__shared_io_pool_size=0PROD1.__shared_pool_size=184549376PROD1.__streams_pool_size=0*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl'*.db_block_size=8192*.db_domain=''*.db_name='PROD1'*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash'*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD1XDB)'*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'*.processes=150*.open_cursors=300*.memory_target=1211105280 *.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='PROD1'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD1,PROD2,PROD5)'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=PROD1_2 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD2'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='SERVICE=PROD1_5 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD5'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE='EXCLUSIVE'*.FAL_CLIENT='PROD2,PROD5'*.FAL_SERVER='PROD1'

注意：上面修改的参数有的需要重启数据库才能生效

6. 修改监听配置文件

[oracle@test1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/[oracle@test1 admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))    )  ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle SID_LIST_LISTENER=  (SID_LIST=    (SID_DESC=      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=PROD1)      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)      (SID_NAME=PROD1)))

7. 修改TNS配置文件

[oracle@test1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. PROD1_5 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test5.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD5)    )  ) PROD1_2 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD2)    )  ) PROD1_1 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)    )  )

8. 重启监听服务，测试服务名的连通情况

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop[oracle@test1 dbs]$ lsnrctl start

9. 拷贝参数文件

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp initPROD1.ora oracle@test2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/oracle@test2's password: initPROD1.ora                                                100% 1519     1.5KB/s   00:00    [oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp initPROD1.ora oracle@test5:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/oracle@test5's password: initPROD1.ora                                                100% 1519     1.5KB/s   00:00

10. 拷贝密码文件

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp orapwPROD1 oracle@test2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/oracle@test2's password: orapwPROD1                                                   100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00    [oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp orapwPROD1 oracle@test5:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/oracle@test5's password: orapwPROD1                                                   100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00

(三) 两备数据库配置

1. 修改参数文件

[oracle@test2 dbs]$ cat initPROD1.ora PROD2.__db_cache_size=419430400PROD2.__java_pool_size=16777216PROD2.__large_pool_size=83886080PROD2.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentPROD2.__pga_aggregate_target=503316480PROD2.__sga_target=721420288PROD2.__shared_io_pool_size=0PROD2.__shared_pool_size=184549376PROD2.__streams_pool_size=0*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl'*.db_block_size=8192*.db_domain=''*.db_name='PROD1'*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash'*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD1XDB)'*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'*.processes=150*.open_cursors=300*.memory_target=1211105280*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='PROD2'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD2,PROD1,PROD5)'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD2'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=PROD1_1 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='SERVICE=PROD1_5 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD5'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3='ENABLE'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc'*.LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE='EXCLUSIVE'*.FAL_CLIENT='PROD2,PROD5'*.FAL_SERVER='PROD1'
[oracle@test5 dbs]$ cat initPROD1.ora PROD5.__db_cache_size=469762048PROD5.__java_pool_size=16777216PROD5.__large_pool_size=33554432PROD5.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentPROD5.__pga_aggregate_target=503316480PROD5.__sga_target=721420288PROD5.__shared_io_pool_size=0PROD5.__shared_pool_size=184549376PROD5.__streams_pool_size=0*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl'*.db_block_size=8192*.db_domain=''*.db_name='PROD1'*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash'*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD1XDB)'*.memory_target=1211105280*.open_cursors=300*.processes=150*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD5LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD5,PROD1,PROD2)'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD5'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=PROD1_2 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD2'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3= 'SERVICE=PROD1_1 ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLELOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLELOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3=ENABLEREMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVELOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arcLOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30FAL_SERVER=PROD1FAL_CLIENT=PROD2,PROD5STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

2. 修改密码文件创建相应的文件目录

根据上面修改的参数文件，为备库创建相应的文件目录

[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mv orapwPROD1 orapwPROD2[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mv initPROD1.ora initPROD2.ora[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1[oracle@test2 dbs]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash [oracle@test5 dbs]$ mv orapwPROD1 orapwPROD5[oracle@test5 dbs]$ mv initPROD1.ora initPROD5.ora[oracle@test5 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump[oracle@test5 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1[oracle@test5 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1[oracle@test5 dbs]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash

3. 修改监听配置文件

[oracle@test2 admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))    )  ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle SID_LIST_LISTENER=  (SID_LIST=    (SID_DESC=      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=PROD2)      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)      (SID_NAME=PROD2)))
[oracle@test5 admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test5.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))    )  ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle SID_LIST_LISTENER=  (SID_LIST=    (SID_DESC=      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=PROD5)      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)      (SID_NAME=PROD5)))

4. 修改TNS配置文件

两备库的TNS配置文件与主库相同

[oracle@test2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. PROD1_1 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.2)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)    )  ) PROD1_2 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD2)    )  ) PROD1_5 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test5.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD5)    )  )

5. 重启监听服务

[oracle@test2 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop[oracle@test2 dbs]$ lsnrctl start[oracle@test5 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop[oracle@test5 dbs]$ lsnrctl start

6. 启动数据库到nomonunt状态

[oracle@test2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD2 [oracle@test2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 08:04:27 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size                 2252744 bytesVariable Size           788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers             9048064 bytes
[oracle@test5 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD5 [oracle@test5 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 08:04:47 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size                 2252744 bytesVariable Size           788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers             9048064 bytes

7. 验证监听和TNS配置

主备库上都需要验证

[oracle@test1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1_1 as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 05:35:15 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> quitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@test1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1_2 as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 05:35:54 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> quitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oracle@test1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1_5 as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 3 05:36:02 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> quitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

注意：该步骤一定要在主备库上都能通过才能执行下面步骤

(四) 恢复数据库

[oracle@test1 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@prod1_1 auxiliary sys/oracle@prod1_2Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 16:03:55 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2223201576)connected to auxiliary database: PROD1 (not mounted) RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;Starting Duplicate Db at 2019-03-02 16:04:03using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISKcontents of Memory Script:{   backup as copy reuse   targetfile  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD1' auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD2'   ;}executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:04:03allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=144 device type=DISKFinished backup at 2019-03-02 16:04:04contents of Memory Script:{   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';   restore clone controlfile to  '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl' from  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';}executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:04:04using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copycopying standby control fileoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f tag=TAG20190302T160404 RECID=6 STAMP=1001865845channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 2019-03-02 16:04:08Starting restore at 2019-03-02 16:04:08using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copyFinished restore at 2019-03-02 16:04:09contents of Memory Script:{   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';}executing Memory Scriptsql statement: alter database mount standby databasecontents of Memory Script:{   set newname for tempfile  1 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf";   switch clone tempfile all;   set newname for datafile  1 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  2 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  3 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  4 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  5 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf";   backup as copy reuse   datafile  1 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf"   datafile  2 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile  3 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile  4 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf"   datafile  5 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf"   ;   sql 'alter system archive log current';}executing Memory Scriptexecuting command: SET NEWNAMErenamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf in control fileexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:04:14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160414channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160414channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160414channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160414channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160414channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:14sql statement: alter system archive log currentcontents of Memory Script:{   switch clone datafile all;}executing Memory Scriptdatafile 1 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1001878035 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbfdatafile 2 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1001878035 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbfdatafile 3 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1001878035 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbfdatafile 4 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1001878035 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbfdatafile 5 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1001878035 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbfFinished Duplicate Db at 2019-03-02 16:05:21
[oracle@test1 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@prod1_1 auxiliary sys/oracle@prod1_5Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Mar 2 16:05:39 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2223201576)connected to auxiliary database: PROD1 (not mounted) RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;Starting Duplicate Db at 2019-03-02 16:05:42using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISKcontents of Memory Script:{   backup as copy reuse   targetfile  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD1' auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD5'   ;}executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:42allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=125 device type=DISKFinished backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:43contents of Memory Script:{   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';   restore clone controlfile to  '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl' from  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';}executing Memory ScriptStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:43using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copycopying standby control fileoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f tag=TAG20190302T160543 RECID=7 STAMP=1001865944channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:44Starting restore at 2019-03-02 16:05:44using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copyFinished restore at 2019-03-02 16:05:46contents of Memory Script:{   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';}executing Memory Scriptsql statement: alter database mount standby databasecontents of Memory Script:{   set newname for tempfile  1 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf";   switch clone tempfile all;   set newname for datafile  1 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  2 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  3 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  4 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf";   set newname for datafile  5 to  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf";   backup as copy reuse   datafile  1 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf"   datafile  2 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile  3 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile  4 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf"   datafile  5 auxiliary format  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf"   ;   sql 'alter system archive log current';}executing Memory Scriptexecuting command: SET NEWNAMErenamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf in control fileexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEStarting backup at 2019-03-02 16:05:51using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160551channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160551channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160551channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160551channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf tag=TAG20190302T160551channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2019-03-02 16:06:50sql statement: alter system archive log currentcontents of Memory Script:{   switch clone datafile all;}executing Memory Scriptdatafile 1 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1001878132 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbfdatafile 2 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1001878132 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbfdatafile 3 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1001878132 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbfdatafile 4 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1001878132 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbfdatafile 5 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=1001878132 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbfFinished Duplicate Db at 2019-03-02 16:06:58

(五) 开启实时同步

test2&test5:SQL> alter database open;Database altered. SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Media recovery complete.

(六) 备库均开启flashback

test2&test5:SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;Database altered.SQL> shutdown immediate ;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup mount ;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size             2252744 bytesVariable Size                788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers                   9048064 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database flashback on;Database altered.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;  Database altered.

(七) 验证DG同步

上面已经把Data Gurad搭建完，下面介绍如何验证Data Guard是否能实时同步：

1. 通过查看archive_log_dest_2、archive_log_dest_3列是否有error报错，如果有报错，则需要先根据报错内容解决问题：

test1:SQL> set linesize 150SQL> col dest_name format a30SQL> col error format a20SQL> select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest; DEST_NAME                ERROR------------------------------ --------------------LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_11 DEST_NAME                ERROR------------------------------ --------------------LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_12LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_13LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_14LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_15LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_16LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_17LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_18LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_19LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_20LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_21LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_22DEST_NAME                ERROR------------------------------ --------------------LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_23LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_24LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_25LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_26LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_27LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_28LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_29LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_30LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_31 31 rows selected.

注意：上面显示没有报错

2. 查询主库最大归档序号，一致即归档同步成功。

test1:SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;MAX(SEQUENCE#)--------------           26 test2&test5:SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;MAX(SEQUENCE#)--------------           26 test1:SQL> alter system archive log current;System altered. SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;MAX(SEQUENCE#)--------------           27 test2&test5:SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;MAX(SEQUENCE#)--------------           27

3. 查看主备库状态

test1:SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database; OPEN_MODE         DATABASE_ROLE  SWITCHOVER_STATUS---------------- ----------------- --------------------READ WRITE          PRIMARY              TO STANDBY test2&test5:SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database; OPEN_MODE                  DATABASE_ROLE         SWITCHOVER_STATUS------------------------  --------------------  ---------------READ ONLY WITH APPLY     PHYSICAL STANDBY       NOT ALLOWED

4. 在test1上创建一个table测试

test1:SQL> create table dg(id number);Table created. SQL> insert into dg values(1);1 row created. SQL> commit;Commit complete. SQL> select * from dg;       ID----------        1 test2&test5:SQL> select * from dg;       ID----------        1

四、 DG切换与恢复

我们配置DG的目的就是为了在主库出现故障时，备库能够提供服务，保证业务的正常运行。DG的故障切换分为switchover和failover两种：

(一) switchover

switchover是用户有计划的进行停机切换，能够保证不丢失数据。以下是具体操作：

1. switchover1

SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE         SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- --------------------- ---------------------READ WRITE                 PRIMARY                     SESSIONS ACTIVE

注意：上面查询结果为TO STANDBY 或 SESSIONS ACTIVE表明可以进行切换

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;Database altered. SQL> conn / as sysdba;Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size                 2252744 bytesVariable Size           939524152 bytesDatabase Buffers     268435456 bytesRedo Buffers             9048064 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> set linesize 150SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database; OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS--------------------- ------------------------ --------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY test5:SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;Media recovery complete. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- ------------------------- --------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;Database altered. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE         SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- --------------------- --------------------MOUNTED                   PRIMARY                     NOT ALLOWED SQL> alter database open;Database altered. SQL> insert into t1 values (1);1 row created. SQL> commit;Commit complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1 test1:SQL> select * from t1;no rows selected SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Media recovery complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1 test2:SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;Media recovery complete. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- ------------------------- --------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Media recovery complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1 1.     switchover1test5:SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;Database altered. SQL> conn / as sysdba;Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytesFixed Size                 2252744 bytesVariable Size           788529208 bytesDatabase Buffers     419430400 bytesRedo Buffers             9048064 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database; OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- ------------------------- ------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY  test2:SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;Media recovery complete. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- ------------------------- -------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;Database altered. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE         SWITCHOVER_STATUS--------------------- -------------------- -------------------MOUNTED                   PRIMARY                     NOT ALLOWED SQL> alter database open;Database altered. SQL> insert into t1 values (2);1 row created. SQL> commit;Commit complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1        2 test5:SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1 SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Media recovery complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1        2 SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                    DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS------------------------ ------------------------- --------------------READ ONLY WITH APPLY     PHYSICAL STANDBY            NOT ALLOWED test1:SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;Media recovery complete. SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS-------------------- ------------------------- -------------------READ ONLY                  PHYSICAL STANDBY            TO PRIMARY SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1 SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Media recovery complete. SQL> select * from t1;       ID----------        1        2 SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;OPEN_MODE                       DATABASE_ROLE                SWITCHOVER_STATUS------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------READ ONLY WITH APPLY     PHYSICAL STANDBY            NOT ALLOWED

到此DG switover切换完成，验证方法同上。

到此DG switover切换完成，验证方法同上。

(二) failover

failover是当主库真正出现严重系统故障，如数据库宕机，软硬件故障导致主库不能支持服务，从而进行的切换动作。

注意：为了能够在failover后能够恢复DG，需要在主库上开启flashback，如果不开启flashback的话，DG就可能需要重新搭建。

由于主库已经不可访问，下面所有的操作都在备库完成：

(三) failover恢复

上面提到了failover，这种情形是当主库真正出现异常之后，才会执行的操作，那么我们执行过failover 之后，如何再重新构建DG，这里我们利用flashback database来重构，具体方法如下：

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